PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate coping styles for dysmenorrhea and explore factors related with their coping styles according to different health loci of control in middle schoolers. METHODS: Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire for 572 students from three middle schools in Seoul from March 22 to April 2, 2010. The measurement included menstrual distress, coping method questionnaire and health locus of control. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Middle school students used the active behavioral coping style more often than the avoidance style. There was a significant difference in means within each coping style including levels of stress, levels of health, and regular exercise. There were also significant correlations between each coping style and health locus of control. Regression analyses indicated that the health locus of control factor is the most powerful factor in each coping style. CONCLUSION: We observed that various coping methods are used for dysmenorrhea in middle school students. However, the active behavioral coping style is dominant in such a condition. Based on these results, we need to develop a health locus of control to improve coping styles for dysmenorrhea.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Dysmenorrhea* ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association between hearing impairment and cognitive function has been established in previous studies. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of conventional hearing aids and middle ear implants on cognitive function. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: This study included 22 participants who underwent middle ear implantation between October 2013 and September 2016. Their mean age at surgery was 70 years. Using Pure tone audiometry (PTA), the Speech discrimination test (SDT), and the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) questionnaire, we compared audiologic benefits of three conditions [without hearing aids, with conventional hearing aids, or with Vibrant Sound bridge (VSB)]. Cognitive ability was evaluated using neuropsychological testings (Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery) at intervals of approximately eight weeks. RESULTS: The results of PTA showed a 7.96 dB HL gain with conventional hearing aids and a 10.00 dB HL gain with the use of VSB. SDT results showed a 4.10% gain with conventional hearing aids and a 10% gain with the use of VSB. Results of the APHAB questionnaire showed a significant increase with the use of VSB compared to conventional hearing aids. In the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, a slight improvement was observed after middle ear implantation. In the Digit Span Test and Korean-Boston Naming Test, a significant improvement was seen with the use of VSB compared to conventional hearing aids. CONCLUSION: The use of middle ear implants in rehabilitation of hearing communication in patients showed improvements in cognitive abilities, compared to the use of conventional hearing aids.
Audiometry ; Cognition* ; Ear, Middle* ; Hearing Aids* ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Ossicular Prosthesis* ; Rehabilitation ; Speech Discrimination Tests

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether serum creatinine levels at 3 days after renal transplantation can predict long-term graft survival and its associated clinical aspects. METHODS: Three hundred and seventy six renal transplant recipients who received grafts from living donors were included. Recipients were classified into two groups according to their serum creatinine levels (1.2 mg/dL group) at 3 days after renal transplantations. Demographic characteristics (age, sex, weight, body mass index, donor/recipient body weight ratio, pre-transplant dialysis type, underlying disease and pre-transplant transfusion), transplant variables (immuno-suppressive agents, HLA mismatch and HLA DR mismatch) and post-transplant variables (routine graft biopsy, number of acute rejection episodes within first year after renal transplantation, serum creatinine level and graft survival at each first, second, and fifth years) were assessed. RESULTS: Among total 376 recipients, serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL groups were 224 (59.6%) recipients. The characteristics of patients with good graft function (serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL group (first year, 100% vs. 95.7%; fifth year, 96.7% vs. 89.8%; P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum creatinine levels at 3 days after renal transplantation can predict long-term kidney transplant survival. It was associated with immunological (frequency of acute rejection) and non- immunological aspect (match of kidney size and donor's age).
Biopsy ; Body Weight ; Creatinine* ; Dialysis ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Living Donors ; Transplantation ; Transplants*