Objective To analyze the nutrient constituents of the gonad from Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.The results could provide a theoretical basis for the development of the H. pulcherrimus.Methods The contents of the water,ash and protein were determined by the national standard methods,total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method,rude fat by soxhlet's method,fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass chromatography,and inorganic elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy method.Results The contents of water,ash,rude fat, protein and total sugar were 64.20%,12.70%,2.34%,12.25%and 5.59%,respectively. The contents of arachidonic acid and EPA were higher in fatty acids.Inorganic elements, such as Ca,Mg,Fe were also in higher level.Conclusion The gonad of H.pulcherrimus was useful in the exploitation of nutrient food.

Objective To explore the safety, therapeutic-effect-evaluating standards and clinical value of the interventional treatment used as preoperative chemotherapeutic embolism of pelvic tumors and palliative treatment of the patient unsuitable for surgery. Methods Twenty-nine cases of pelvic tumors with complete materials were selected from the cases treated by Seldinger’s interventional techniques from March 1997 to March 2002 and comprehensively analyzed. Results After the chemotherapeutic embolism, most of the arterial supply to the tumors were blocked off; the tumor stains were decreased by more than 75 %; the intra-operating bleeding ranged from 820 to 1530 ml and averaged 1220 ml; the surgical removals were successful. The pathological examinations of the postoperative specimens showed that the necrostic rate of tumor ranged 91%～98%; the remission rate of painful symptoms reached 100%. No severe complications were found in this series.Conclusion The interventional treatment of pelvic tumors is safe, reliable and simple in operation, and can reduce the intra-operative bleeding and improve the successful rate of the surgery. It is regarded not only as the effective auxiliary therapy before surgical removal, but also as the first-selected method for the palliative treatment of the patient unsuitable for the surgery.

75% compared with the pre-embolism;the intra-operative bleeding ranged 500 to 2000 ml and averaged 810 ml;the surgical removal was successful;the tumor cell necrotic rate was 91% to 95% through post-operative sample pathological examination;and the painful remission rate was 95% to 100%.No severe complications occurred in this series.Conclusion The pre-operative chemotherapy and SAE for spinal tumor are effective,simple,safe and reliable methods

AIM:To investigate the role of high glucose in primary hepatocytes of mice fed with a high fat di-et.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat (45%of calories) diet ad libitum for 6 weeks to induce hepatic steatosis.Primary hepatocytes were isolated from the mouse liver by the 2 step collagenase perfusion method .The cells were incubated in low glucose ( 5 mmol/L ) , low glucose plus mannitol ( 30 mmol/L ) , or high glucose ( 35 mmol/L ) DMEM medium for 12 h.The cell viability , apoptosis , mitochondrial membrane potential , and caspase enzymatic activities were measured.Furthermore, proteins related to the stress-sensitive signaling pathway of regulating high glucose-induced apoptosis in primary hepatocytes were determined by Western blotting .RESULTS:Incubation with 35 mmol/L glucose re-sulted in a significant decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis , whereas mannitol had no significant effect on the cell viability or apoptosis .A progressive depolarization of the mitochondria , an increase in cytosol cytochrome C and a dramatic decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome C in high-glucose stressed hepatocytes were observed .The enzymatic activi-ties of caspase-9 and caspase-3, but not caspase-8, were significantly increased in high glucose-stressed hepatocytes ( P<0.05).High glucose treatment suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, while it increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax .CONCLUSION:High glucose stress reduces mitochondrial membrane potential , initiates mitochon-dria-mediated apoptotic pathways and promotes apoptosis of hepatocytes with steatosis .This may be an important pathologi-cal mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease .

Objective To review the relevant causes for and treatment of nerve injuries in the anterior cervical surgery. Methods From January 2008 to December 2009,859 cages of cervical spondylosis,ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament and cervical spine trauma were treated by anterior cervical surgery.This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of seven cases who were with worsened symptoms of spinal cord injury and related nerve injury. Results Of 859 cases,five cases(0.58%)were with spinal cord injury,one(0.12%)with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and one (0.12%)with laryngeal nerve injury.Hematoma occurred in four cases after surgery caused spinal cord injury and all the four patients recovered to normal after removal of the hematoma and timely treatment with mythylprednisolone and hyperbaric oxygen.Cervical spine trauma was worsened in one patient after the anterior cervical surgery.The patient restored to its original level of spinal cord gradually through some measures such as tracheotomy,ventilator support,hormone therapy and hyperbaric oxygen treatment.Laryngeal nerve injuries in two cases recovered to normal after conservative treatment with hormone,dehydration and other drugs within three months after surgery. Conclusions Anterior cervical surgery of cervical spondylosis,ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament and cervical spine trauma are likely to induce the related nerve damage.The good prognosis can be obtained under timely prevention and treatment.

Objective To analyze the short-term clinical efficacy of the treatment of ipsilateral femoral intertrochanteric fractures with femoral head necrosis through total hip arthroplasty combined with internal fixation.Methods From January 2011 to June 2014 a total of 28 cases of ipsilateral femoral intertrochanteric fractures with femoral head necrosis were selected,and they were all treated with open reduction and greater trochanter plate fixation combined with total hip arthroplasty.The time of operation, amount of bleeding,time of bone healing of the greater trochanteric fracture,postoperative complications, rate of internal fixation device loosening,incidence of infection,and the Harris score of the hip joint before and after operation were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results The mean operative time was (174.0±27.1)min and the mean blood loss was (530.0±132.0)mL.There were 2 cases of deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities,and there was no serious complications occured among the remaining cases.All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months,averagely (16.3±7.0) months.All the 28 patients get bony union of the large trochanter,with the average healing time of (5.0±1.5) months.The preoperative Harris score was (28.0±7.1) points, while it was (86.5±5.3) points after the surgery, and the difference was statistically significant(t=-21.699,P=0.000).At the end of the follow-up,there was no internal fixation device loosening, no cable breakage,and no infection cases.Conclusion Total hip arthroplasty combined with internal fixation for the treatment of ipsilateral femoral intertrochanteric fractures with femoral head necrosis, especially the large trochanteric fractures, were of reliable fracture fixation, good initial stability and good joint function recovery.And it can maintain fracture stability and early recovery of joint function,so that intertrochanteric fractures and femoral head necrosis were treated simultaneously,and its recent clinical results were satisfactory.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of arthroscopy combined with Brostrom repair in the treatment for chronic ankle instability talofibular ligament injury.Methods From January 2012 to June 2015,42 cases of chronic ankle instability in our hospital were performed modified Brostrom repair.All the cases were evaluated by AOFAS scoring system.Results All the patients were followed up for 9 to 17 months,an average of (12.7±3.5)months.At the last follow-up,all cases could participate in normal daily running training mission.Activity levels of 2 cases with cartilage injury had a decline than before.The others were able to attend the confrontational training.Postoperative AOFAS score(88.4±4.9) increased compared with preoperative score (43.3±7.8),the difference was significant(P<0.05).ConclusionThe curative effect of arthroscopy combined with Brostrom repair in treatment of chronic ankle instability talofibular ligament injury is satifactory.It can be helpful to the wounded rapid rehabilitation and good for the popularization and application in basic-level hospitals.

Objective To investigate the effects of melatonin on the changes of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , reactive oxygen species (ROS),and malondialdehyde(MDA) in N2A cells under hypoxia conditions.Methods Randomly divided the primary cultured neuroblasto-ma cells of mouse into the control group ,hypoxia group ,and MT treatment group .The MT treatment group were given melatonin 5μg/mL for 24 h to set up the treatment model .Rsbiotech of the hypoxia group and MT treatment group were given gaseous mixture of 95%N2 and 5%CO2 ,The ischemia hypoxia model of N 2A cells was set up with cells in the oxidative stress state and cultured for 24 hours at low concentra-tions of serum .The content of SOD , ROS, and MDA was measured respectively by xanthine oxidase , fluorogenic quantitative detection and thiobarbituric acid chromatometry .Results The expression of SOD in hypoxia group and MT treatment group were significantly decreased compared with that in control group(P<0.05).The level of SOD in MT treatment group significantly recovered compared with hypoxia group with singnificant difference (P<0.05).The expression of MDA and ROS in hypoxia group and MT treatment group were significantly in-creased compared with that in control group (P<0.05).The level of MDA and ROS in MT treatment group significantly recovered compared with hypoxia group with singnificant difference (P<0.05).Conclsion Melatonin provides a protective effect on the secondary damage of nerve cells with hypoxia ischemia .The possible mechanism is melatonin could play the role of free radical scavenging and up -regulate the ex-pression level of antioxidants .

BACKGROUND:Transformation growth factor-β(TGF-β) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are the main regulatory factors in the process of spinal cord injury. There are many researches for TGF-βand BDNF pathogenesis in the spinal cord injury, but the regulation of Ginsenoside Rg1 intervention on TGF-βand BDNF in the spinal cord injury is rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 intervention on TGF-βand BDNF expression at themolecular protein levels, and to study the protection effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the spinal cord and nerve function after spinal cord injury.
METHODS:Experimental rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group and Ginsenoside Rg1 group. In the model and Ginsenoside Rg1 groups, spinal cord injury model was established with the impact method in rats. In the Ginsenoside Rg1 group, rats were intraperitoneal y injected with 10 mg/kg Ginsenoside Rg1 24 hours after modeling, once per day, for 14 days. Rats in the blank control and model groups were injected with equal saline.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, serum malondialdehyde levels increased, the content of superoxide dismutase decreased, TGF-βexpression levels in spinal cord tissue increased, and BDNF expression levels decreased in the model and Ginsenoside Rg1 groups. Compared with the model group, serum malondialdehyde levels decreased, the content of superoxide dismutase increased, TGF-βexpression levels in spinal cord tissue decreased, and BDNF expression levels increased in the Ginsenoside Rg1 group. Ginsenoside Rg1 can protect the injury spinal cord in rats after spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND:Chinese herb extracts can restore and protect the nervous system of rats through intervention of neural stem cels. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of ginsenosides Rg1 in the proliferation and protection of neural stem cels. METHOD:Sprague-Dawley rats at pregnant 19 days were dissected to take out fetal rats, and then the hippocampal tissues from fetal rats were isolated to extract neural stem cels. Neural stem cels were co-cultured with DMEM/F12 medium containing 50 g/L ginsenosides Rg1 as intervention group, with DMEM/F12 medium as blank control group, and with DMEM/F12 containing 0.64% phenol as positive control group, respectively. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of neural stem cels in each group, and western blot method to detect the protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor-β in neural stem cels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Rat neural stem cels were round single cels with clear border at early period after isolation but at 2 days after inoculation, the cels were adherent and aggregated into smal cel spheres. Compared with the blank control group, the proliferative rate of neural stem cels was significantly increased in the ginsenosides Rg1 group (P < 0.05), but decreased in the positive control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, in the ginsenosides Rg1 group, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was elevated, and the expression of transforming growth factor-β was reduced, indicating ginsenosides Rg1 has a certain effect to promote the proliferation of neural stem cels as wel as to protect the neural stem cels.