Objective To analyze the nutrient constituents of the gonad from Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.The results could provide a theoretical basis for the development of the H. pulcherrimus.Methods The contents of the water,ash and protein were determined by the national standard methods,total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method,rude fat by soxhlet's method,fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass chromatography,and inorganic elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy method.Results The contents of water,ash,rude fat, protein and total sugar were 64.20%,12.70%,2.34%,12.25%and 5.59%,respectively. The contents of arachidonic acid and EPA were higher in fatty acids.Inorganic elements, such as Ca,Mg,Fe were also in higher level.Conclusion The gonad of H.pulcherrimus was useful in the exploitation of nutrient food.

AIM:To investigate the role of high glucose in primary hepatocytes of mice fed with a high fat di-et.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat (45%of calories) diet ad libitum for 6 weeks to induce hepatic steatosis.Primary hepatocytes were isolated from the mouse liver by the 2 step collagenase perfusion method .The cells were incubated in low glucose ( 5 mmol/L ) , low glucose plus mannitol ( 30 mmol/L ) , or high glucose ( 35 mmol/L ) DMEM medium for 12 h.The cell viability , apoptosis , mitochondrial membrane potential , and caspase enzymatic activities were measured.Furthermore, proteins related to the stress-sensitive signaling pathway of regulating high glucose-induced apoptosis in primary hepatocytes were determined by Western blotting .RESULTS:Incubation with 35 mmol/L glucose re-sulted in a significant decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis , whereas mannitol had no significant effect on the cell viability or apoptosis .A progressive depolarization of the mitochondria , an increase in cytosol cytochrome C and a dramatic decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome C in high-glucose stressed hepatocytes were observed .The enzymatic activi-ties of caspase-9 and caspase-3, but not caspase-8, were significantly increased in high glucose-stressed hepatocytes ( P<0.05).High glucose treatment suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, while it increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax .CONCLUSION:High glucose stress reduces mitochondrial membrane potential , initiates mitochon-dria-mediated apoptotic pathways and promotes apoptosis of hepatocytes with steatosis .This may be an important pathologi-cal mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease .

75% compared with the pre-embolism;the intra-operative bleeding ranged 500 to 2000 ml and averaged 810 ml;the surgical removal was successful;the tumor cell necrotic rate was 91% to 95% through post-operative sample pathological examination;and the painful remission rate was 95% to 100%.No severe complications occurred in this series.Conclusion The pre-operative chemotherapy and SAE for spinal tumor are effective,simple,safe and reliable methods

Objective To explore the safety, therapeutic-effect-evaluating standards and clinical value of the interventional treatment used as preoperative chemotherapeutic embolism of pelvic tumors and palliative treatment of the patient unsuitable for surgery. Methods Twenty-nine cases of pelvic tumors with complete materials were selected from the cases treated by Seldinger’s interventional techniques from March 1997 to March 2002 and comprehensively analyzed. Results After the chemotherapeutic embolism, most of the arterial supply to the tumors were blocked off; the tumor stains were decreased by more than 75 %; the intra-operating bleeding ranged from 820 to 1530 ml and averaged 1220 ml; the surgical removals were successful. The pathological examinations of the postoperative specimens showed that the necrostic rate of tumor ranged 91%～98%; the remission rate of painful symptoms reached 100%. No severe complications were found in this series.Conclusion The interventional treatment of pelvic tumors is safe, reliable and simple in operation, and can reduce the intra-operative bleeding and improve the successful rate of the surgery. It is regarded not only as the effective auxiliary therapy before surgical removal, but also as the first-selected method for the palliative treatment of the patient unsuitable for the surgery.

BACKGROUND:Transformation growth factor-β(TGF-β) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are the main regulatory factors in the process of spinal cord injury. There are many researches for TGF-βand BDNF pathogenesis in the spinal cord injury, but the regulation of Ginsenoside Rg1 intervention on TGF-βand BDNF in the spinal cord injury is rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 intervention on TGF-βand BDNF expression at themolecular protein levels, and to study the protection effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the spinal cord and nerve function after spinal cord injury.
METHODS:Experimental rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group and Ginsenoside Rg1 group. In the model and Ginsenoside Rg1 groups, spinal cord injury model was established with the impact method in rats. In the Ginsenoside Rg1 group, rats were intraperitoneal y injected with 10 mg/kg Ginsenoside Rg1 24 hours after modeling, once per day, for 14 days. Rats in the blank control and model groups were injected with equal saline.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, serum malondialdehyde levels increased, the content of superoxide dismutase decreased, TGF-βexpression levels in spinal cord tissue increased, and BDNF expression levels decreased in the model and Ginsenoside Rg1 groups. Compared with the model group, serum malondialdehyde levels decreased, the content of superoxide dismutase increased, TGF-βexpression levels in spinal cord tissue decreased, and BDNF expression levels increased in the Ginsenoside Rg1 group. Ginsenoside Rg1 can protect the injury spinal cord in rats after spinal cord injury.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of arthroscopic arthrolysis for the treatment of elbow stiffness.Methods Totally 34 cases with elbow stiffness caused by trauma who needed to undergo arthroscopic arthrolysis were selected from General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command from October 2014 to February 2016.Among them,3 cases were lost to follow-up,and the other 31 cases were included in the study.All the patients were performed arthroscopic arthrolysis.Removed the hyperplasia of osteophyte and girdle,cleaned the articular cavity,restored the smooth of articular surface,and released the joint capsular and ligament around the elbow joint during the operation.Manipulation release was used coordinate with analgesia and rehabilitation therapy after operation.Mayo scores of elbow were used for function evaluation and range of motion(ROM) was collected.Results Patients were followed-up from 9 months to 12 months,(10.4±1.5) months on average.Before the operation,the mean maximal flexion angle of the elbow was (87.6±5.9)°,the extension angle was (35.5±6.4)°,the pronation angle was (75.9±9.6)°,the rotational angle was (67.2±7.4)°,and it was (125.9±6.5)°,(5.0±1.9)°,(82.0±9.1)°,(81.0±7.0)°respectively after operation,and the differences before and after opreation were statistically significant (P<0.05).The Mayo scores was (61.9±7.6) preoperatively and (88.8±4.7) postoperatively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Arthroscopic arthrolysis has the advantages of clear operative field,minimal invasion and rapid recovery.It can effectively improve the elbow joint activity and arthroscopic arthrolysis is an effective surgical treatment for elbow stiffness.

Objective To review the relevant causes for and treatment of nerve injuries in the anterior cervical surgery. Methods From January 2008 to December 2009,859 cages of cervical spondylosis,ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament and cervical spine trauma were treated by anterior cervical surgery.This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of seven cases who were with worsened symptoms of spinal cord injury and related nerve injury. Results Of 859 cases,five cases(0.58%)were with spinal cord injury,one(0.12%)with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and one (0.12%)with laryngeal nerve injury.Hematoma occurred in four cases after surgery caused spinal cord injury and all the four patients recovered to normal after removal of the hematoma and timely treatment with mythylprednisolone and hyperbaric oxygen.Cervical spine trauma was worsened in one patient after the anterior cervical surgery.The patient restored to its original level of spinal cord gradually through some measures such as tracheotomy,ventilator support,hormone therapy and hyperbaric oxygen treatment.Laryngeal nerve injuries in two cases recovered to normal after conservative treatment with hormone,dehydration and other drugs within three months after surgery. Conclusions Anterior cervical surgery of cervical spondylosis,ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament and cervical spine trauma are likely to induce the related nerve damage.The good prognosis can be obtained under timely prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of induced membrane technique for reconstruction of large tibia bone defects in adults.Methods From February 2010 to February 2014,28 cases with tibia bone defect (16 cases caused by traumatic,9 cases caused by chronic osteomyrlitis,and 3 cases caused by tumor resrction)were treated in our deparment.There were 21 males and 7 females,with a mean age of 36.7 years old.The mean bone loss after final debridement and tumor resrction was (6.2 ±2.6)cm,and the maximum length of bone loss was 16 cm in this series.All the patients were treated by induced membrane technique,and the healing rate,occurrence of complications and limb function were recorded.The bone union was assessed by Paley scores.Results The average duration of follow-up ranged from 12 to 37 months,averagely (23.4 ±4.7)months.The healing rate was 85.7% at a mean time of 5.2 months.According to the Paley scores,there were 20 cases of excellent,6 cases of good,2 cases of moderate.There were 2 patients with pin site infection,2 patients with deep infection re-quiring operative debridement,1 patient with superficial iliac incision infection,1 patient with nonunions of one ends of the bone gap,and 1 patient suffered the implant failure due to fullweight-bearing early.Conclusion The induced membrane technique is a valid option for the management of large tibia bone defects in adults caused by traumatic,tumor resection and removal of chronic osteomyelitis lesions,which sig-nificantly shorten treatment cycle,provide satisfactory results with minimal complications,and promote good recovery of limb function.

Objective In attempt to improve the reconstruction of small defects in the facial and frontal regions, we developed a modified radial artery perforator-based free flap. Methods The free proxi-mal radial forearm flap was based on the distal perforator of the radial artery and the concomitant radial vein. The vascular pedicle passed through deep fascia. The free flap was transferred to repair the defects of the fa-cial and frontal regions. Results In 6 patients with frontal defects and 4 patients with facial defects, all flaps survived completely. After following up for 6-12 months, flaps underwent plastic surgery to become thin-ner. The flaps of 10 cases were good in skin texture and color at recipient sites. The scars were cosmetically acceptable. The superficial sensibility recovered well. Conclusion A modified radial artery perforator-based free flap was useful in coveting small defects of the facial and frontal regions.

Objective To investigate the effects of melatonin on the changes of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , reactive oxygen species (ROS),and malondialdehyde(MDA) in N2A cells under hypoxia conditions.Methods Randomly divided the primary cultured neuroblasto-ma cells of mouse into the control group ,hypoxia group ,and MT treatment group .The MT treatment group were given melatonin 5μg/mL for 24 h to set up the treatment model .Rsbiotech of the hypoxia group and MT treatment group were given gaseous mixture of 95%N2 and 5%CO2 ,The ischemia hypoxia model of N 2A cells was set up with cells in the oxidative stress state and cultured for 24 hours at low concentra-tions of serum .The content of SOD , ROS, and MDA was measured respectively by xanthine oxidase , fluorogenic quantitative detection and thiobarbituric acid chromatometry .Results The expression of SOD in hypoxia group and MT treatment group were significantly decreased compared with that in control group(P<0.05).The level of SOD in MT treatment group significantly recovered compared with hypoxia group with singnificant difference (P<0.05).The expression of MDA and ROS in hypoxia group and MT treatment group were significantly in-creased compared with that in control group (P<0.05).The level of MDA and ROS in MT treatment group significantly recovered compared with hypoxia group with singnificant difference (P<0.05).Conclsion Melatonin provides a protective effect on the secondary damage of nerve cells with hypoxia ischemia .The possible mechanism is melatonin could play the role of free radical scavenging and up -regulate the ex-pression level of antioxidants .