Initially,the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was considered to play an important role in regulating cardiovascular function and maintaining the balance of water and electrolyte.Based on this,several targeted drugs in the treatment of hypertension were developed.With the large-scale clinical apphcation of these drugs,RAS inhibitors are found to has a significant inhibitory effect on some of the tumor development,which reveals the RAS function in cell proliferation,differentiation,angiogenesis and tumor occurrence.In this paper,the important physiological ftmction of RAS in tumor occurrence and development were reviewed.

Epigenetics is a branch of conventional genetics and is an emerging research field in biomedicine.Epigenetic factors regulate gene function and phenotype by the modulation of DNA methylation,histone modification,non-coding RNA such as microRNA expression instead of changing the DNA sequence.Therefore,it is thought to be a discipline associated with life science.Epigenetics is opening new means for understanding ocular development and ocular diseases related to aging and environment,and relevant study is increasingly emphasized because epigenetic inheritance is considered to be a reversible process.Like other ocular tissues,the growth,differentiation,senescence and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) are modulated by epigenetic inheritance.Epigenetic inheritance participates in the regulation of gene phenotype,chromatin structure,non-coding RNAs,and cellular differentiation and potential influent in lens diseases such as cataracts.Therefore it may provide new insight of the pathogenesis of cataracts and development of novel treatment options by vigorously carrying lens research on epigenetics.Domestic ophthalmologists should keep watchful eye to these studies.

0.05). In hFOB, the expression of P53 was not detected, and that of P63 was weakly positive. The expression of P53 and P63 in HOS transformed by niekel sulfate were higher than that in normal HOS (P

Objective To explore the pathogenesis-related imprinted genes in osteosarcoma and investigate the role of imprinted genes expression in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.Methods The model of malignant transformed immortalized human osteoblastic cells was established and the malignant transformed cells were collected on day 40,55,70,90.The untreated cells passaged from the normal cells on day 90 served as control.After the total RNA extraction,the finally synthesized biotinylated cDNAs were hybridized to CapitalBio Genechip CAP-F0017.2 of the differentially expressed genes.Two genes were chosen at random to further confirm the array results using the SYBR Green real-time PCR in samples of control,day 40 and day 90. Results By an entrance limit of ≥2.0 or ≤0.5,ten imprinted genes which biological functions are mainly related with cell growth/maintenance and signaling transduction were detectable for notablely differential expression,including down-regulated genes of CD81,GRB10,NDN,MEST and up-regulated genes of H19,MKRN3,SLC22A1L,TSSC3,CDKN1C in the malignant transformation of immortalized human osteoblastic cells.The array results were further confirmed by the real-time RT-PCR.Conclusion Ten imprinted genes were detectable for notablely differential expression.Our results will promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of imprinted genes in the course of osteosarcoma pathogenesis.

Hemorrhagictransformation(HT)referstointracerebralhemorrhageoccurredwhenthe blood vessels restore blood flow after acute ischemic stroke. It is one of the common complications of ischemic stroke. HT may not have any clinical manifestations and can also be manifested as limb paralysis aggravation, decreased consciousness level, and other symptoms. The symptomatic HT may result in prolonged hospitalization, increased disability and fatality. Therefore, research on the mechanisms and risk factors for HT may be expected to provide the basis for clinical treatment, and thus improve the prognosis of patients. This article review s the formation mechanism of HT, risk factors, screening of high-risk patients, and prevention and treatment.

Background Protein kinase B (Akt) is the center of multiple cellular signaling pathways,and it participates in the regulation of cell function,such as proliferation,migration,and metabolism of cells.Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) promotes activation of Akt and therefore triggers many signal pathways.PI3K inhibitor can silent Akt,but whether it can affect the biological behavior of lens epithelial cells (LECs) during the posterior capsular opacity (PCO) is worthy of investigation.Objective This study was to explore the effect of LY294002,a PI3K inhibitor,on Akt activation in human LECs.Methods Human LECs strain,HLEC-B3 cells,were cultured and passaged.The cells were incubated to 96-well plate for 24 hours,then LY294002 was added with the final concentration at 0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80 μmol/L,respectively.After incubation for 24 hours,cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the inhibitory rate of cell proliferation.Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) of 10 μg/L was added in the medium of cells as TGF-β2 group,TGF-β2 + LY294002 (20 μmol/L) was used to coculture the other group of cells,and the cells without TGF-β2 and LY294002 served as the control group.Phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) in the cells was detected by laser scan confocal immunofluorescence microscope.The expression level of p-Akt was evaluated using Western blot.Results CCK-8 assay showed that the A value of the cells was gradually reduced with the increase of LY294002 concentration (Fgroup =9.72,P =0.00),but the A value was significant raised along with the lapse of time (Ftime =1737.54,P=0.00).Confocal immunofluorescence revealed that a little of p-Akt was expressed in the control cells.After induced by TGF-β2,lots of red fluorescence of p-Akt was seen in cells around the cell membranes.But in the TGF-β2+LY294002 co-culture cells,the fluorescence of Akt was much weaker.Western blot showed that the expression level of p-Akt was 0.91±0.08,1.48±0.13 and 0.95±0.19 in the control group,TGF-β2 group and TGF-β2 +LY294002 group,respectively,with a significant difference among the three groups (F =15.04,P =0.00).Conclusions LY294002 can inhibit the activation of Akt induced by TGF-β2.LY294002 may have utility in the prevention and treatment of PCO.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Allyl Compounds ; poisoning ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the suitability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),and analyze the domestic application status of CBT techniques for OCD and lay a foundation of standard CBT in China.Methods Delphi method was adopted to evaluate 30 CBT techniques on four dimensions,including operability,frequency,contribution of treatment and acceptability,and calculated the final scores of all techniques on different dimension and their comprehensive rank.Results After two rounds of experts consulting,Kendall coefficients of four dimensions were 0.249,0.269,0.234,0.250 (P＜0.01),coefficient of variation ranged from 0.05 to 0.31 of each technology on different dimension.The operability score of thought stopping,cost-benefit analysis and pie chart belonged to general suitability.The frequency and treatment contribution score of thought stopping and pie chart belonged to occasional use and small.The acceptation score of socratic question,thought stopping,in vivo exposure and behavior prevention belonged to partial acceptation.Weight coefficients of four dimensions were 0.26,0.18,0.27,0.29 and techniques ranking in the top three were information collection and evaluation,therapeutic alliance foundation and psychological education.Conclusion Most CBT techniques for OCD are suitable in China but some techniques still need to be improved.

Objective To realize the incidence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI),the rate of invasive procedure and related infection rate,use of antimicrobial agents and distribution of pathogens in gereral intensive care units (GICUs) of hospitals in China.Methods HAI cross-sectional investigation data of GICUs reported to China HAI Surveillance Net-work were summarized and analyzed.Results Of 1 313 hospitals,621(47.30%)had GICUs;a total of 5 887 patients were surveyed,1 634 patients developed 1 962 times of infection,HAI prevalence rate and case rate was 27.76% and 33.33%respectively.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract(70.39%),urinary tract (12.79%)and blood(2.86%). The application rate of urinary catheter,arteriovenous catheter and ventilator was 53.52%(n=3 151),37.05%(n=2 181) and 35.62%(n=2 097)respectively,and related prevalence of urinary tract infection,pneumonia and blood stream infection was 4.67%,20.41%,and 0.60%,respectively,which accounting for 58.57%,30.99%,and 23.21 % of urinary tract infection,pneumonia and blood stream infection respectively,the overall prevalence of above invasive procedure-re-lated infection accounted for 29.97%(588/1 962)of the overall HAI prevalence.A total of 1 795 isolated pathogens causing HAI were detected,the top three were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.78%),Acinetobacter baumannii(17.99%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 .64%).The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 71 .58%(n=4 214), rate of specimens delivered for detection was up to 75.27%(2 553/3 392).Conclusion Prevalence and antimicrobial use in patients in GICUs are all high,all kinds of invasive procedure are frequent,30% of HAI are related to inva-sive procedure;infection caused by non-fermentative bacteria is serious,pathogen detection is well performed.

9).Renal pathology revealed 3 patients with class Ⅳ, 1 patient with class Ⅱ. Image results showed diffuse pulmonary infiltration lesions. Bronchial lavage fluid was hemorrhage. Three patients recovered after treatment with corticosteroid and intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy. Conclusions Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is rare serious complications of lupus nephritis. Aggressive immunosuppressive therapy should be started early for a favorable outcome.