0 05). Conclusions The administration of glucocorticoid in early phase of SARS in small dosage and short term regimen could shorten the course of the disease and accelerate resolution of inflammation in the lung

Objective To evaluate the effect of torsion on remodeling and function of left ventricle by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).MethodsThirty-nine patients with DCM and thirty-five controls accepted conventional echocardiography,pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging examination.Basal and apical short-axis view of left ventricle were accorded for Q-lab analysis.Indices included:left ventricular diameter in end diastole (LVEDd),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular sphericity index (LVSI),left ventricular mass index (LVMI),e-wave of mitral valvular flow (E),velocity of mitral annulus in systole (S),velocity of mitral annulus in early distole ( E'), E/ E',rotation of left ventricle at basal and apical level(Rbasal,Rapical),twist (T),torsion (T').Results Compared with controls,LVEDd,LVMI of patients with DCM increased significantly,LVEF and LVSI decreased significantly,S and E' decreased significantly,E/ E' increased significantly.Patients with DCM were divided into two groups:group DCM-1 (clockwise rotation at apical level) and group DCM-2 (countclockwise rotation at apical level).Compared with controls,Rasal,Rapical,T,T' of two DCM groups decreased significantly.Compared with group DCM-1,Rbasal,Rapical,T,T' of group DCM-2 decreased significantly,LVEDd,LVMI increased significantly,LVEF and LVSI decreased significantly,E' decreased significantly,E/ E' increased significantly.Conclusions The torsion of left ventricle decrease in patients with DCM,DCM patients with decreased or reversed torsion of left ventricular apex have more severe LV remodeling or damage of LV function.

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)by two dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI).Methods 37 CHF patients were enrolled in this study.According to left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),the patienst were classified into two subgroups:group A,LVEF≤ 35 ％;group B,35 ％＜LVEF＜50 ％.35 healthy volunteers constituted the control group(group C).Standard 2D images were acquired in the 2-,3-and 4-apical views as well as the parasternal short-axis views at the level of the mitral valve and papillary muscles.The time to peak-systolic strain and strain rate were measured for each segment in the level of the mitral valve and papillary muscles in Qlab software.Dyssychrony parameters were defined as the standard deviation and the maximal time delay of the time to peak-systolic strain and strain rate for 12 segments.Parameters were compared among the three groups respectively.The correlation between dyssynchrony parameters and LVEF were analysed in CHF patients.The cut-off value of each parameter were derived from group C based on statistical principles.Dyssychrony rate of each parameter were calculated in group A and B,and compared within each group respectively.Results Compared with group C,all the dyssychrony parameters in group A were significant higher(P＜0.05),and part of the parameters(Tsl-12SD,Tsl-12Dif,Tslr-12SD,Tslr-12Dif and Tsr-12SD)in group B were remarkable higher(P＜0.05).Dyssychrony parameters in CHF patients correlated closely with LVEF(P＜0.05).Significant differences among dyssychrony rates were noted in both group A and B(P＜0.05),and Ts1-12SD showed the highest value in both subgroups.Conclusions 2D-STI is useful in quantifying left ventricular systolic dyssychrony in CHF patients,and the longitudinal parameters are more efficient to detect mechanical dyssychrony than the radial parameters and circumferential parameters.

Objective To evaluate the value of strain rate imaging(SRl) in quantitatively detecting regional right ventricular function in hypertension(HBP) patients with different mode of left ventricle.Methods Thirty-eight patients with HBP were divided into left ventricular nermal (LVN) and left ventricular remodeling(LVR) groups according to left ventricular mass index(LVMI) and relative wall thickness(RWT).Twenty-three controls were performed echocradiography examination.Tissue velocity imagings of all the patients and controls were accepted in apical four chamber views.The indies included:peak systolic velocity(Vs),peak early diastolic velocity(Ve),peak late diastolic velocity(Va) and Ve/Va of triscular annulus,peak systolic strain rate(SRs),peak early diastolic strain rate (SRe),peak late diastolic strain rate(SRa) and SRe/SRa of right ventricular free wall.Results Compared with controls,Ve/Va of LVN group decreased significantly,but there were no difference in Vs and Ve.Compared with LVN group and controls,Ve and Ve/Va of LVR group decreased significantly,but there were no significantly difference in Vs.Compared with controls,Ss,SRe and SRe/SRa of LVN and LVR group decreased significantly,but there was no significantly difference in SRs;compared with LVN group,Ss,SRe and SRe/SRa of LVR group decreased significantly,but there was no significantly difference in SRs.Conclusions The systolic and diastolic function of RV in patients with HBP damaged with or without left ventricular remodeling.SRI can evaluated regional right ventricular funciton in these patients accurately.

Objective To evaluate the right ventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by strain rate imaging. Methods Echocardiography were performed in 41 patients with COPD and 20 controls. Right ventricular frontal thickness (RVFT), right atrial end diastolic diameter(RAEDd) , right ventricular end diastolic diameter (RVEDd), right ventricular end diastolic area (RVEDa) ,right ventricular end systolic area (RVESa) (fraction of right ventricular area change (RVFA) and E/A of tricuspid valve flow were measured in 4-chamber apical view. Tissue velocity imaging (TVI) were accepted in apical four chamber apical views. The indies included peak systolic strain rate (SRs) ,peak early diastolic strain rate (SRe) ,peak late diastolic strain rate (SRa) and SRe/SRa. Results According the pulmonary pressure, the patients with COPD were divided into 2 groups: group PAH (pulmonary artery hypertension) and group NPAH (non-pulmonary artery hypertension). Compared with controls, RVFT, RAEDd and RVEDd of group PAH increased significantly, RVFA and E/A decreased significantly, the upper indices of group NPAH had no significant difference, SRs, SRe and SRe/ SRa of right ventricular free wall and interventricular septal in group PAH and group NPAH decreased significantly, but there was no significant difference of SRa. Compared with group NPAH,SRs,SRe and SRe/SRa of right ventricular free wall and interventricular septal in group PAH decreased significantly,but there was no significant difference of SRa; there was significant positive correlation between SRs of right ventricular free wall and FEV1 /FVC, DLco/VA in patients with COPD,but there was no significant correlation between SRe of right ventricular free wall and RVFA, E/A,FEV1 /FVC and DLco/VA. Conclusions Function of right ventricle in patients with COPD can be damaged with or without pulmonary hypertention; SRI can detect right ventricular function in these patients easily and noninvasive.

Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI)can accurately evaluate myocardial strain with non-angle dependent and good reproducibility. In this study, 16 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 18 athletes and 20 normal subjects underwent 2D-STI examination. The global longitudinal strain (GLS) and regional peak systolic strain (PSS) were assessed by 2D-STI in the apical four-chamber-view. Compared to athletes and normal subjects, GLS in patients with HCM was significantly reduced [GLS: -(8. 0±3.6)% , P ＜ 0. 01]. There was no significant difference in GLS between athletes and the controls, but GLS in basal or middle segments of interventricular septum and middle segments of lateral wall; PSS in basal, middle or apical segments of interventricular septum and basal or middle segments of lateral wall of the normal controls were significantly higher than those of the athletes. A cut-off value of less than -10% in GLS for diagnosis of pathologic hypertrophy resulted in a sensitivity of 84. 0% and a specificity of 94. 0%. The results suggest that 2D-STI can quantify global and regional myocardial function and may be used for the differentiation between physiological and pathologic LVH.

Objective: To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with microwave digestion method for the determination of the amounts of trace elements (Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, B, Ba, Co, Cr, K, Li, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Th, Ti, V, As, Cd, and Hg) in Mailuoning Injection. Methods: The conditions of microwave digestion and test were studied respectively. After the microwave digestion, 25 kinds of minerals in the samples were determined by ICP-MS, and the methodology was investigated. Results: The optimal digestion conditions were 3-step slowly heating: 400 W 80℃ to heat up for 10 min and keep 5 min; 600 W 120℃ to heat up for 10 min and keep 5 min; 900 W 200℃ to heat up for 20 min and keep 20 min. The determination results of 25 kinds of mineral elements all have a good linear relationship, r≥0.9996. The RSD values of the precision, stability, and repeatability all met the demands of quantitative analysis. The recovery was 94.7%-106.1% and RSD was 0.34%-2.79%. Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, B, Ba, Co, Cr, K, Li, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Th, Ti, and V were detected in Mailuoning Injection, and there was no detection of As, Cd, and Hg. Conclusion: This method is simple, sensitive, and precise, and could satisfy the simultaneous determination of minerals in Mailuoning Injection.

The reform of teaching methods has been severely affected by the lack of funds and teaching resources.This phenomenon is serious in physics experiments in medical colleges.Circulatory teaching method has been proved to be an effective way.This article summarized the effects of practice of circulatory teaching method.

Objective To evaluate blood flow structure and quantify the variation of the flow within left ventricle,assess the impact of chronic heart failure(CHF) by vector flow mapping(VFM).Methods Twenty-seven patients with chronic heart failure and thirty controls were involved.The flow vector images on the section plane of the flow within the left ventricle were acquired by VFM.Time-flow(T-F) curve and all other peak systolic and diastolic flow curve include normal velocity profile,parallel velocity profile,vector profile,flow profile were analyzed by DSA-RS1 program.Results Ventricular ejection peak S,rapid ventricular filling peak E and atrial systole peak A were relatively lower at basal and middle segments in CHF group than normal control group.Normal velocity profile,velocity profile,flow profile at peak S and E were lower at basal and middle segments in CHF group than normal control group.Conclusions VFM technology could provide quantitative and intuitive information to demonstrate the flow structure of the ventricle and evaluate the cardiac function in patients with CHF.

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular(LV) impaired relaxation(IR) by kinetic energy of blood flow in early diastole (Ek) in patients with normal ejection fraction(EF).Methods 42 patients with impaired LV relaxation while normal EF (IR group) and 38 controls volunteers with normal LV relaxation (NR group) underwent conventional echocardiography and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE).Pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler imaging and PW tissue Doppler imaging (PWTDI) were performed in all the subjects.PW Doppler imaging indices included peak E velocities (VE),peak A velocities (VA) and VE/VA.PW-TDI indices included velocities of septal and lateral sides of the mitral annulus in early diastole Se',Le'),then the average of Se' and Le' described as e') were calculated.RT3DE indices included end diastolic volume EDV),ejection fraction EF) and flow volume of peak E QE).Results There were significant difference between Ek of two groups P ＜0.05).There were significant positive correlation between Ek and e' in both the two groups P ＜0.05).And Ek was less influenced by age or systolic blood pressure.Area under curve of the ROC of Ek was 0.654,sensitivity was 63.2 ％ and specificity was 61.9％,respectively.And the specificity of Ek was higher than that of e' and VE/VA.Conclusions Ek was less influenced by age or afterload,which can be used to detect impaired LV relaxation.