In order to provide some more scientific and practical advice and tactics for acupuncture in prevention of migraine in clinic, a computer-based information search was conducted in MEDLINE database, and the current reports of clinical trials were summarized and a comparison of Western and Chinese research designs was made. The significant role of acupuncture for prevention of migraine has not been applied in wide range in China until the present day. However, it has been paid great attention in Western countries. This situation might be related to the differences of efficacy assessment of acupuncture between China and Western countries; meanwhile, in the past traditional acupuncturists put much stress on the therapeutic approaches for acute attacks of headache but less on prevention. It is necessary for Chinese doctors to learn from research method in the West and emphasize more on acupuncture for preventing migraine and conduct high-level clinical trials as well. The author recommends that Chinese doctors should select acupuncture points mainly according to meridian syndrome differentiation and apply long term intermittent interventions.

This study is to evaluate the HAART pharmacodynamics with dolutegravir as the "anchor" in vitro. A nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) resistant recombinant virus model (VSVG/HIV-1(RT-D67N,K70R,T215F)) and an integrase inhibitors (INIs) resistant recombinant virus model (VSVG/HIV-1(IN-G140S,QI48H)) were constructed and established. The anti-viral pharmacodynamics was evaluated with drug combinations including two NRTIs along with one INI or one NNRTI. The results showed that the combination with an INI gave a stronger synergism on wild type HIV-1 replication comparing to that with an NNRTI. Comparing the two INIs as the "anchor" for HAART, DTG exhibited an equivalent CI to that of RAL on wild type HIV-1 replication; but a greater synergy than RAL on INI-resistant HIV-1 replication. Besides of the pharmacodynamics results of DTG-based drug combination, the results may contribute to clinical antiviral therapy.
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; physiology ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

Animals ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Geographic Information Systems ; Snails

Aged ; Chondroma ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Male ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Humans

Objective To construct clinical thinking competence index system for undergraduate nursing students.Methods The study established the Clinical Thinking Competence Evaluation Index System through Delphi method.Results The evaluation index system included 5 level-1 dimensions and 28 level-2 Index connotations.Conclusions Through quantitative research methods,Clinical Thinking Competence evaluation index system is established for undergraduate nursing students,which provides an objective standard for cultivation and evaluation of undergraduate nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is a kind of non-articular rheumatism,manifested as pain and stiffness in various parts of body, associated with sleep disturbance, fatigue, etc. But, the therapeutic effects of common therapies are not satisfactory.OBJECTIVE: To compare dermal neurological electric stimulation and electric acupuncture with routine medication and explore the therapeutic effects on fibromyalgia syndrome (FS).DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment was designed, in which the patients were taken as the objects in observation.SETTING: First and Third Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 66 cases of FS were selected in Clinic of Rehabilitation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from July 1994 to May 2002, all of which were the followed-up cases.They were randomized as dermal-neurological eleetric stimulation group (DE group), electric acupuncture group (EA group) and medical group, 22cases in each one. The patients were aged varied from42 to 55 years and sick in range from 7 to 13 months.METHODS: ① DE group: FZ-1 low-frequency pulsating apparatus was used. Two pairs of electrodes were attached to two pairs of main points that were near to the most distinct pain points and another pair was attached to 1 pair of supplementary points. Continuous wave was selected, pulsating width was 6-150 ms, high frequency 100 Hz and 15 minutes later,changed to low frequency 2 Hz, for another 15 minutes, intensity about (14±3) mA, once/d, continuously for 20 days as one session, totally 2 sessions were required. 4-day rest was demanded between two sessions. ② EA group: No.28 filiform needle was used to be inserted on the points deeply,after qi arrival; G-6805 electric apparatus was applied on the points. Point selection, operation and time 9f treatment were same as DE group. ③ Medical group: Oryzanol and Vit B1 were administrated orally, 30 mg/tablet,3 times a day. Amitriptyline was administrated, 10 mg every day at beginning, increased by 10 mg every day till to 20-30 mg. It was taken orally once before sleep, totally for 45 days.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of therapeutic effects on analgesia in each group. ② Comparisons of follow-up visits of cured cases and cases with remarkable effects in 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment.RESULTS: Totally 66 cases all entered the result analysis. ① Comparison of total effective rate of analgesia: The rates in DE group and EA group were higher significantly than medical group (100% ,95.5% ,68.2%;X2=18.03,17.27,P ＜ 0.01). ② Comparison of recurrence rate: The rates in DE group and EA group in 24 months after treatment were lower remarkably than medical group (7.1%,6.1%,50.0%;X2=7.01,6.91 ;P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both dermal electric stimulation and electric acupuncture present strong analgesia and low recurrence rate. Dermal neurological electric stimulation on acupoints is a kind of non-traumatic method in treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome.

Objective To investigate the relationship among social anxiety,fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem and supply reference for psychological health education.Methods We adopted Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SAD),Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale(FNE)and self-esteem(SES)scale to investigate nursing students in a certain university and college.Then we analyzed the investigation results. Results The scores of SAD and SES of nursing students with different education background were distinctly different(P<0.05).The score of SAD was positively correlated with that of SES(r=0.483,P<0.05)and FNE(r=0.316,P<0.01).Conclusion We should strengthen the cuhivation of serf-esteem for nursing students and help them to get rid of fear of negative evaluation and conquer social anxiety.

Objective:To prepare nevirapine nanosuspensions ( Nev-NS) and study the pharmacokinetics in rats. Methods:Nev-NS was prepared by a high pressure homogenization technology. The particle size, PDI and Zeta potential of the nanosuspensions were used as the indices to determine the influencing factors in the preparation process. Nevirapine plasma concentration was detected by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 software. Results: The particle size, PDI and Zeta potential of Nev-NS was (456. 1 ± 72. 1) nm, 0. 441 ± 0. 072 and ( -24. 4 ± 4. 7) mV, respectively. AUC0-12 of Nev and Nev-NS was (7. 57 ± 0.52) and (11.72 ±1.83) mg·h·L-1, t1/2 was (2.45 ±0.31) and (3.16 ±0.39) h, Tmax was (1.43 ±0.38) and (1.61 ± 0. 32) h and Cmax was (1. 62 ± 0. 42) and (3. 15 ± 0. 52) mg·L-1 , respectively. Conclusion:Nev-NS can improve the pharmacoki-netic behavior of Nev in rats significantly, and obviously enhance the bioavailability when compared with nevirapine suspensions.

Objective:To participate in the anti-infection regimen adjustment and perform pharmaceutical care for one pneumonia patient after lung transplantation by clinical pharmacist to provide experience for individualized medication. Methods:Clinical pharma-cist adjusted the treatment plan and doses of immunosuppressive agents according to the patient' s conditions. Results: The infection was effectively controlled through optimizing the treatment plan. Conclusion:Pharmaceutical care for patients after lung transplantation performed by clinical pharmacists is helpful to both the recovery of patients and future appropriate drug use.