Objective To explore the mechanism of azithromycin for intervening with inflammation of rats with chronic ob‐structive pulmonary disease (COPD) via TLR‐4/NF‐κB signal pathway .Methods Thirty‐six SD rats were divided into health con‐trol group ,model group and azithromycin group .The rat COPD model in the model group and the azithromycin group was estab‐lished by smoking and intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide for 1 month .At 30 min before smoking ,the azithromycin group was given azithromycin 50 mg/kg by gavage ,while the health control group and model group were given the equal amount of normal saline .One month later ,rats were sacrificed and lung tissue was obtained .The pathological morphology of the lung was ob‐served by the HE staining .The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the level of TNF‐α,IL‐1βand IL‐6 from lung tissue homogenate .The expression of TLR4 ,NF‐κB and pp65 mRNA was detected by RT‐PCR .The expression of TLR4 ,NF‐κB ,pp65 ,MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 protein was detected by Western blot .The cytological classification and count in bron‐choalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were performed .Results Compared with the model group ,the azithromycin group could improve the lung tissue morphology ,decreased the neutrophil granulocyte count(P< 0 .01) ,reduced the secretion of TNF‐α,IL‐1β,IL‐6 , MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in lung tissue homogenates(P<0 .01) ,and suppressed the expression of TLR4 and pp65 phosphorylation level (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Azithromycin can intervene with inflammation of rats with COPD .

With the wide use of nanomaterials in biomedicine,materials,chemicals and other fields,their environmental exposure and cellular toxicity have come to the attention of researchers as a new research area in the field of nanotoxicology and nanomedicine. Researches on the toxic effects of nanomaterials have not only provided of a theoretical basis for safety evaluation of nanomaterials ,but also promoted the have applications of nanotechnology. Numerous studies have revealed cell death is closely associated with the toxicity of nanomaterials. In this paper,we elaborated on the roles of three key cell death modes in nanotoxicity,including autophagy,apoptosis,and necrosis. Furthermore,the pos?sible mechanisms involved in these three modes were explored. All this will provide reference for safety evaluation of nanomaterials.

Objective:To analyze the current status of medical students′ humanity education satisfaction rate and present situation of humanity quality and thus provide evidence to better practice of humanity education. Meth-ods:According to the random stratified cluster sampling method, the researchers selected 1146 medical students from Harbin Medical University and then investigated the objects′ humanity education satisfaction rate and general humanity situation. The data was analyzed using χ2 test in SPSS 17. 0. Results:①Satisfaction status of humanity education:the students′satisfaction to teachers′humanity quality, effect of course and library resources were low.② The present situation of humanity quality:80 . 2% of the medical students thought it was necessary to strengthen the medical students′humanity education;18. 1% of the medical students remembered the medical student oath, and there existed significant differences between different specialties;11 . 9% of the medical students could clear connotation of the humanistic concept, and there were significant differences between various grades;24. 4% and 14 . 5% of the medical students couldn′t clear the humanistic attribute of Marxist political theory course and moral course respectively; rural students′ humanity quality was statistically lower than the urban ones. Conclusion:Through optimizing the structure of humanity courses, strengthening the construction of teaching staff and attaching great importance of the library to humanity education effect, so as to improve medical students′ satisfaction of hu-manity education. The government should increase investment in rural education to narrow the gap of basic humani-ty quality education between urban and rural.

Objective To explore the relationship between the postoperative prophylactic antibiotics and surgical site infection rates after breast cancer surgery.Methods Retrospective review of patients with breast surgical procedures between March 2007 to March 2016 were included,267 cases only preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis as control group,and 117 cases of preoperative and postoperative prophylactic antibiotics as research group.The surgical site infection( SSI) rates were compared.Results There was no statistically significant association between research groups and control group of SSI rates for both a 30-day postoperative period and beyond.Further,There was also no statistically significant association between research groups with drains and control group with drains of SSI rates for both a 30-day postoperative period and beyond.Conclusion There is no significant relationship between postoperative prophylactic antibiotics and surgical site infection rates after breast cancer surgery.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for different diameter adrenal tumor.Methods The clinical dam of 61 patients who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy from January 2009 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed,the patients were divided into A group (the diameter of adrenal tumor ＞ 6 cm,24 cases) and B group (the diameter of adrenal tumor 3-6 cm,37 cases) according to the diameter of adrenal tumor.The therapeutic effect was compared between 2 groups.Results All procedures were performed successfully.There were statistical differences in operative time and estimated blood loss between A group and B group [(138 ± 66) min vs.(106 ± 45) min and (324 ± 168) ml vs.(165 ± 50) ml] (P ＜ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in the rate of complication and blood transfusion between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in hospital stay after operation between 2 groups [(6.7 ± 1.2) d vs.(5.4 ± 0.6)d] (P ＞ 0.05).A group was followed up for (22 ± 10) months,during which time no local recurrence was noted in 19 cases by B-mode ultrasonography,3 cases were missed,and 2 cases were alive with hydronephrosis or pancreatic cyst.B group was followed up for (24 ± 11) months,during which time no local recurrence was noted in 32 cases by B-mode ultrasonography,4 cases were missed,and 1 case was found with renal dysfunction.The pathology of most tumors in A group included medullary lipoma,pheochromocytoma and ganglioneuroma,in B group included adenoma,pheochromocytoma and medullary lipoma.Conclusion Minimally invasive and safe procedure for skillful surgeons in the treatment of tumor diameter larger than 6 cm.

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on learning and memory after cerebral ischemia. Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a model group and a treadmill training group ( n=30 for each) , which were further subdivided into groups to receive 7 days, 14 days or 28 days of training with 10 rats in each. The training was treadmill running at 10 m/min for 30 min a day. Cerebral ische-mia was induced in the model and training groups using permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. The training began three days after the operation. Morris water maze tests were used to measure the rats′ learning and memory ability, and Nissl staining was employed to detect the survival rates of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Results The average escape latency in the treadmill trained group had shortened significantly by day 7, then further by days 14 and 28. It was significantly shorter than the model group′s average at each time point. The average platform crossing time increased significantly compared with the model group′s average. Few dead neu-rons were observed in the sham-operated group. On days 14 and 28 the average survival rate of pyramidal neurons in the model group was significantly lower than in the treadmill training group or the sham-operated group, though there was no significant difference on day 7. Conclusion Treadmill training can improve learning and memory after cere-bral ischemia, at least in rats. Better effects can be observed after longer training.

Objective: To explore the potential influencing factors of the quality guidelines for medical treatment by factor analysis.Method: We analyzed with the SPSS package 9 quality guidelines for medical treatment in the department of integrated TCM and Western medicine of a hospital,including the out-patient person-time,the number of discharges,the average days of hospitalization,the rate of bed utilization,the frequency of bed rotation,the rate of cure and improvement,the case fatality rate,the coincidence rate of diagnoses at admission and discharge,and the success rate of emergency treatment.Results: Four common factors were extracted,namely,the quantifiable factor,determined by the out-patient person-time,the number of discharges,the average days of hospitalization and the frequency of bed rotation;the treatment factor,determined by the cure and improvement rate and case fatality rate;the diagnostic factor,determined mainly by the rate of bed utilization and the coincidence rate of diagnoses at admission and discharge;and the emergency treatment factor,determined by the success rate of emergency treatment.The cumulative contribution rate of the 4 factors was 85.1%.Conclusion: The amount of medical work,the techniques of treatment,the ability of diagnosis and the efficiency of emergency rescue are the main influencing factors of quality guidelines for medical treatment.

Objective To explore the effect of the procedural nursing management on nursing quality of hospitalized patients in department of rheumatology. Methods About 267 inpatients were divided into control group (n=125) and experiment group (n=142). The control group received routine medication nursing and the experiment patients were treated with procedural nursing management including implementing medication services and analyzing the factors influencing precise medication and the countermeasures . Result The rate of precise medication in the experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusions The procedural nursing management can promote patient's precise medication so as to ensure the therapeutic effect by medication . It does good for the promotion of medication scientizeation and professionalization .

Adult ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; microbiology ; Enterococcus faecium ; Humans ; Male

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of acupuncture on the serum leptin and IGF-1 in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD).MethodsBy using Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD),94 patients with PSD were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups:acupuncture group and control group.All patients were given routine clinical treatments and second level medical prevention.Patients in the acupuncture group received Linggui Ba fa acupuncture treatment and oral administration of Sertraline and patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of Sertraline only.Serum levels of letpin and insulin growth factor (IGF-1) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatments in all patients.ResultsThe levels of leptin and IGF-1 in patients of acupuncture group were significantly lower than that of the control group after treatment[(17.06 ± 12.38) ng/ml vs (32.27 ± 15.09)ng/ml,P＜0.01; (52.61±24.74)ng/ml vs (77.15±20.83)ng/ml,P＜0.01 respectively].The scores of HAMD in acupuncture group were significantly lower than that of control group after the treatment[(8.06±3.32)、(13.67±8.05)]and 6 month later[(6.52±2.08)、(10.26±6.16)].ConclusionThe serum levels ofleptin and IGF-1 were significantly lower and depression symptoms were improved after acupuncture in elderly patients with post-strok depressin.