Adult ; Agriculture ; Antibody Formation ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure

Objective To investigate the regulation effect of promoter methylation of deathassociated protein kinase (DAPK) on mRNA and protein expression of DAPK in tissue of primary gastric cancer (GC). Methods The cancerous and noncancerous samples from 62 patients with GC were determined by RT-PCR for mRNA expression of DAPK. The DAPK promoter methylation was detected by methylation-specific PCR. The protein expression of DAPK in 34 patients with methylation was determined by Western blot. Results mRNA and protein expre.ssions of DAPK in cancerous tissues were reduced significantly compared to noncancerous tissues (0. 2863d±0. 2027 vs 0. 57364±0. 1968,0. 2616±0. 0913 vs 0. 65294±0. 1808, P＜0.01). Methylation frequency of DAPK in cancerous tissues was higher than that in noncancerous tissues (54.8% vs 17.7%, P＜0.01). Furthermore, DAPK mRNA expression was decreased in methylation group compared to unmethylation group (0.1399±0. 0835 vs 0. 46404±0. 1569, P＜0. 01). Moreover, a significant correlation was demonstrated between the TNM stage and DAPK promoter methylation (P = 0. 04). Conclusion Expression of DAPK is down-regulated in cancerous tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Low expression of DAPK is associated with hypermethylation of the promoter of DAPK gene.

Objective To evaluate the effect of convalescent training on patients after special prosthesis replacement in treatment of giant cell tumors. Methods 20 patients with giant cell tumors were treated with convalescent trainings postoperatively,including trainings of muscle strength,joint movement, balance, noumenal sense and gait and were emphasized for earlier training of active muscle contraction. Results According to Enneking score system of bone and muscle postoperation, the lowest for extremitas superior postoperation score of 5 patiens was 20,the highest was 28, the average was 26.6. 4 patiens score was higher than 24, the good rate was 80.0 %.15 patiens extremitas inferior score was from 14 to 27, the average was 21.5, the good rate was 86.7 %. Conclusion Earlier staged joint functional rehabilitation exercise after special prosthesis replacement in treatment of giant cell tumors could prevent ankylosis,improve adhering of capsule,ligament and other soft tissue,and recover the joint function to maximum.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical effects and superiority of applying external fixation and bone transport to treat osteomyelitis and bone defect of femoral bone.

METHODSFrom August 2008 to December 2013,16 patients with osteomyelitis and bone defect of femoral bone were treated including 11 males and 5 females with an average age of 42 years old ranging from 13 to 62 years old. The average course of disease was 18 months ranging from 2 months to 4.5 years, and the average length of bone defect was 7.8 cm ranging from 4.5 to 15 cm. The bone defect of all cases were treated by external fixation and bone transport, the bone transport began at 1 week after operation, 1 mm per day and 4 times per day.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 10 to 36 months (means 22.5 months). One patient did not cooperate with treatment leads to the failure, then took the amputation. The remaining 15 cases of osteomyelitis were under control, including 12 cases of bone transport achieved one stage bone union, 3 cases achieved bone union via bone graft from iliac bone. The bone union time was 5 to 13 months(means 7.9 months). Thirteen patients almost obtained the same length of two lower extremities,2 patients had shortening of 1.5 to 2 cm. The time of moving the external fixation was from 6 to 16 months (means 9.3 months).

CONCLUSIONApplication of external fixation and bone transport is an effective method in treating the osteomyelitis and bone defect that can control the infection, eradicate wounds, and be the equalization of limb length.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; External Fixators ; Female ; Femur ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; surgery

AIM: To observe the surgical effects of the taumatic lens subluxation and cataract after manual fragmentation and emulsification of nucleus and foldable intraocular lens implantation.
METHODS: A 3. 0mm tunnel limbus incision was operated through the predicted bulbar conjunctiva and sclera on 26 cases ( 26 eyes ) with taumatic lens subluxation ( suspensory ligament rupture range less than 120 ) and cataract (Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ) . And after the manual fragmentation and emulsification of nucleus, foldable intraocular lens was implantated. Intraocular lens loop was imbedded in the middle of the lens zonular ligament breakup to reset the pouch. The surgical complications and postoperative vision changes were observed.
RESULTS:Three month after operation, 22 eyes had a intraocular lens centric position taking up 85% of the whole. Four eyes had a slightly eccentric position ( 1 ~2mm), taking up 15% of the whole. 21 eyes had their visual acuity 0. 5~0. 8, taking up 81% of the whole. Five eyes of visual acuity was 0. 2~0. 8. Within 24h intraocular pressure of 12 eyes (46%) after operation were elevated, and returned to normal after 2~7d. There was no severe complication during operation and postoperation.
CONCLUSION: The manual fragmentation and emulsification of nucleus and foldable intraocular lens implantation of the traumatic lens subluxation and the cataract through the 3. 0mm corneal sclera limbus tunnel incision is a simple and effective surgery.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects of Dynesys system for the treatment of multiple segment lumbar degenerative disease.

METHODSA total of 28 patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease treated with Dynesys system from December 2008 to May 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 16 males and 12 females, aged from 27 to 75 years old with an average of 49.1 years. Thirteen patients with multiple segmental lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion, including L3-L5 in 7 cases, L2-L4 in 1 case and L4-S1 in 5 cases. Fifteen patients with multiple segmental lumbar spinal stenosis, including L3-L5 in 10 cases, L4-L5 in 4 cases and L2-S1 in 1 case. The symptoms of lumbago and (or) intermittent claudication in all patients were treated with conservative treatments for more than 6 months and these methods did not work. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to analyze the lumbar and leg pain, imaging data were used to measure the intervertebral space height and intervertebral motion of fixed segment and upper adjacent segment, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to evaluate the clinical effect.

RESULTSAll operations were successful and the patients were followed up from 38 to 65 months with an average 50.6 months. At final follow-up, ODI and VAS of the low back pain and leg pain were (25.10±6.52)%, (1.25±0.70) points and (1.29±0.89) points, respectively and were decreased compared with preoperative (P<0.05). Postoperative intervertebral space heights were increased and intervertebral motions were decreased in fixed segment compared with preoperative (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in intervertebral space heights and intervertebral motions of upper adjacent segment between preoperative and postoperative (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONDynesys system may obtain long-term clinical curative effect in treating multiple lumbar degenerative disease. It can partially preserve the intervertebral motions of the fixed segments, have little effect on adjacent segments. The long-term clinical effect of Dynesys still need longer time follow-up observation.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; pathology ; surgery ; Joint Instability ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Visual Analog Scale

Various geometric shapes and structures self-assembled of amphiphilic lipids when present in an aqueous environment, as active delivery vehicles, are becoming one of focuses of drug delivery system. Lipid-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (or Cubosomes) consisting of "honeycombed (cavernous)" structure spontaneously formed when a certain concentration of amphiphilic lipids dispersed in aqueous solution has curved bicontinuous lipid bilayer in three dimensions, separating two congruent networks of water channels. Its unique structure consists of internal double water channels and large interfacial areas, which reveal great flexibility in encapsulation efficiency of various polarities and amount of drugs, and has variegated range of drugs encapsulated. As a drug delivery vehicle, high drug payloads, stabilization of peptides or proteins and simple preparation process are also its advantages. The ability of cubic phase to incorporate and control release of drugs of varying size and polar characteristics, and biodegradability of lipids make it an interesting drug delivery system for various routes of administration, including oral, topical (or mucosal) and intravenous administrations, with extensive application in a multitude of dosage forms. Furthermore, a number of different proteins in cubic phase appear to retain their native conformation and bioactivity, and are protected against chemical and physical inactivation. In this paper, investigations of lipid-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles are reviewed and summarized, with a hope to provide a reference for its in-depth study. At the end, the authors made a development prospect of this novel excellent candidate for active ingredients delivery vehicle.
Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Lipids ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Liquid Crystals ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles

Objective To investigate the effects of MG132 on diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats induced with streptozocin. Methods Seventy-two male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (NC, n=24), DN group (n=24) and DN treated with MG132 group (DN+MG132, n=24). At the end of 4, 8 and 12 weeks, 24 hour urinary protein excretion rate (UPER) was detected. Morphology of kidney was examined by special staining of periodic acid-schiff (PAS). Renal 26S proteasome activity was determined by quantifying the hydrolysis of S-LLVY-AMC in a fluorescence reader. Urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) level and renal SOD and GSH-PX activity were detected by commercial kits. Renal SOD, GSH-PX and p47phox mRNA expressions were determined by real-time fluorescence PCR. Renal p47phox protein expression wasdetermined by Western blotting. Results Compared with NC group, the DN group showed a significant increased of UPER at week 4, 8, 12 (all P<0.05), of mesangium proliferation and mesangial matrix expansion at week 12. In DN+MG132 group, UPER was significantly decreased compared with DN group at the end of 4, 8 and 12 weeks (P<0.05, respectively), and the glomeruler pathological alteration induced by diabetes was attenuated. Increased renal 26S proteasome activity in DN rats was significantly inhibited after MC132 administration (P<0.05). Moreover, renal p47phox mRNA expression in DN group was 155%, 149% and 120% more than those in NC group at 3 time points (all P<0.05), and so was the renal p47phox protein expression, 139%, 152% and 186% more (all P<0.05). Urinary MDA levels in DN group were 1.95-, 2.04-and 2.62-folds more than those in NC group (all P<0.05). In addition, compared with NC group at 3 time points, in DN group, renal SOD activity was decreased by 23.09%, 33.59% and 53.31% (all P<0.05); renal GSH-PX activity was decreased by 28.57%, 33.06% and 48.76% (all P< 0.05); renal SOD mRNA was decreased by 38.09%, 61.44% and 76.53% (all P<0.05); renal GSH-PX mRNA group was decreased by 29.16%, 37.26% and 62.40% (all P<0.05). Compared with DN group, renal p47phox mRNA and protein expression, and urinary MDA levels were significantly lower in DN+MG132 group (all P<0.05); renal SOD and GSH-PX activity as well as mRNA expression were significantly increased in DN+MG132 group (all P<0.05). Conclusions MG132 treatment can provide renoprotection for DN rats effectively maybe through enhancing renal anti-oxidative ability.

BACKGROUND:Flexible intramedulary nailing and external fixation for pediatric femoral shaft fractures are two common methods in the clinic. It remains controversial which fixation methods are better. OBJECTIVE:To systematicaly evaluate the therapeutic effects of flexible intramedulary nailing and external fixation for pediatric femoral shaft fractures. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane library for literatures on clinical controled trials of flexible intramedulary nailing and external fixation for pediatric femoral shaft fractures published before November 25, 2014. Literature language was not limited. The age of subjects was from 3 to 15 years. Modified Jadad was utilized to assess methodological quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was carried out using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Six papers involving 237 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with external fixation, a low incidence of overal complications [relative risk (RR)=0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19-0.46;P < 0.001] and pin-hole infection (RR=0.286, 95%CI: 0.13-0.61;P= 0.001), but a high risk of needle tail irritation (RR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.35-2.56;P < 0.001) were found folowing flexible intramedulary nailing. No significant differences in other complications were found between the two groups. These results confirm that compared with external fixation, elastic intramedulary nail has fewer complications and faster fracture healing. Elastic intramedulary nail is recommended for single pediatric femoral shaft fractures. However, external fixation is a better option for high energy injury of lower limbs, multiple trauma or severely soft tissue injury.