Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the stem and leaves of Rubus caesius and the inhibitory activities on PTP 1B. Methods: Compounds were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectral methods. The PTP1B inhibitory activities were screened by microplate reader. Results: Five compounds were obtained from the stems of R. caesius respectively, elucidated as naringin (1), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), isoquercitrin (3), hyperoside (4), and (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (ECG) (5), and two compounds were obtained from the leaves respectively, elucidated as acteoside (6) and ellagic acid (7) respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1-7 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Different fractions and compounds showed different PTP1B inhibitory activities and acteoside showed high PTP1B inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of (27.41 ± 0.61) μg/mL. This compound may be the main active composition of leaves ethyl acetate fraction.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a group of negative regulatory cells, which have a potent ability to suppress the functions of other immune cells. Treg cells have four subsets: CD4+ Treg, CD8+ Treg, natural killer T cells (NKT) and double negative Treg (DN Treg) cells. Tumor specific Treg cells may limit the efficacy of anti-tumor response to gynecologic cancers. It has been identified recently that tumor cells could induce the production of tumor specific Treg cells. The accumulation and expansion of tumor specific Treg cells in tumor and the conversion of conventional CD4+ CD25 + T cells to Treg cells may contribute to the increased number of Treg cells in tumor microenvironment. Treg cells play an important role in the mechanism of immune inhibition and immune escape of gynecologic cancers. This paper briefly reviews advances in recent research on association of regulatory T cells with immune function in gynecologic cancers. Copyright© 2011 by the Editorial Board of Tumor.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence among Uigurs in Xinjiang district. Methods 506 adults Uigurs (over 18 years old)in Xinjiang, 200 men and 306 women, were interviewed with questionnaire. Results The total incidence of urinary incontinence was 38.9%, 43.8% in women and 31.5% in men, P

0.05).But the association between (CAG)n repeats and prostate volume was significant (P

Objective To determine the prevalence of female urinary incontinence among Chinese people in different areas. Methods A sampling survey of urinary incontinence was conducted on 668 female adults in a Beijing community,the Uygur region and a residential district inside the First Hospital of Peking University with questionnaire. Results The prevalence of female urinary incontinence was 46.5%(94/202) in the Beijing community,43.8%(134/306) in the Uygur Region and 40.6%(58/143) in the residential district inside the First Hospital of Peking University.The ratios of those who consulted with doctors to the separate surveyed population were 24.5%(23/94),29.1%(39/134),13.8%(8/58),respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of female urinary incontinence is similar in different population.Only a few of these women went to doctors,especially among the hospital staff and workers.

To evaluate and compare of the immunogenicity differences of flagellins FliC and FljB of Salmonella abortus equi, and lay the experimental foundation for the further utilization of the two recombinant proteins, FliC and FljB recombinant proteins were induced, expressed and purified. The purified FliC and FljB were used to immunize mice separately. The antibody level, titer and subtype of mice serum were detected after immunization. Immune-related receptors and histopathological changes were observed in immunized mice after challenged. The recombinant proteins FliC and FljB were successfully induced and expressed. Proteins of about 52 kDa and 42 kDa were purified. High levels of specific IgG antibodies were induced in mice immunized with these two proteins, the antibody level of FljB-immunized group was higher than that of FliC-immunized group, and IgG1 was the dominant subtype of antibody. The challenge protection rate of the FljB-immunized group was 87.5%, higher than that of FliC immunized group. Bacterial loads and observation pathological of FljB-immunized group were better than that of FliC immunized group, the levels of TCR2, TCR4, MHC-I and TCR induced by FljB-immunized group were higher than those of FliC-immunized group. The of immune response induced by FljB group was better than that of FliC group.

Background Dicamba is widely used in agricultural production in China, but it is extremely soluble in water and can be harmful to human health when it enters the body via water drinking. It is necessary to establish an accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection method to determine the residues of dicamba in domestic drinking water. Objective To establish two methods for the determination of dicamba residues in drinking water by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) respectively. Methods The conditions of the proposed method using HPLC-MS/MS included CAPCELL PAK ST chromatographic column, ammonium formate water solution and methanol as the mobile phase, and isocratic elution. The system was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode and electrospray negative ionization mode. Trimethylsilylated diazomethane was used as a derivatizing agent for GC-MS/MS, and an external standard curve was used to evaluate the system. The residues of dicamba in seven water samples of tap water or secondary water supply from six regions in Chengdu were detected by the established systems to evaluate their applicability and to understand the status quo of dicamba residues in drinking water. Results For the HPLC-MS/MS, the linear range of dicamba was 1.00-100 μg·L⁻¹, the regression equation was \begin{document}$\hat Y $\end{document}=1250.9X+2681.5, the correlation coefficient was 0.9988, the relative standard deviations were 1.23%-26.3%, the limit of detection was 0.95 μg·L⁻¹, and the spiked recoveries were 91.8%-111%. For the GC-MS/MS, the linear range of dicamba was 0.200-10.0 μg·L⁻¹, the regression equation was \begin{document}$\hat Y $\end{document}=190597X+40911, the correlation coefficient was 0.9993, the relative standard deviations were 0.64%-3.90%, the limit of detection was 0.18 μg·L⁻¹, and the spiked recoveries were 97.3%-105%. No dicamba residue was identified in the seven water samples of tap water or secondary water supply from six regions in Chengdu by the proposed methods. Conclusion The two detection methods established in this study are sensitive and rapid, meet the requirements from the detection of dicamba residues in drinking water, and provide an experimental basis for subsequent research on the detection of dicamba residues. In the future, it is necessary to continue to pay attention to the pollution of dicamba in drinking water in Chengdu.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the influential factors of tacrolimus （TAC） blood concentration in patients with nephrotic syndrome （NS） of different nationalities. METHODS： In retrospective study， clinical information of 104 patients who diagnosed as NS and met inclusion/exclusion criteria were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during Dec. 2017 and Nov. 2018， including gender， age， ethnicity， height， body weight， laboratory test items， combined drug use and TAC dosage. Influential factors for TAC blood concentration were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software， and effects of combined use of Wuzhi capsule on steady-state blood trough concentration （[ss][c min]） and dose of TAC were also analyzed. RESULTS： Among 104 patients， totally TAC blood concentration of 394 case times were monitored； using TAC standardized blood concentration as endpoint， Han nationality group was significantly lower than Uygur and Kazak nationality group （P＝0.003）； patients receiving combined use of Wuzhi capsule were significantly higher than those without combined use of Wuzhi capsule （P＝0.056）； the patients with combined use of calcium antagonists was significantly higher than the patients without calcium antagonists （P＝0.01）； the patients with combined use of proton pump inhibitors were significantly lower than those without combined proton pump inhibitors （P＝0.01）； patients with normal hematocrit were significantly lower than those with abnormal hematocrit （P＝0.001）； patients with normal urea nitrogen were significantly lower than those with abnormal urea nitrogen （P＜0.001）. The dose of TAC in patients receiving combined Wuzhi capsule were significantly lower than those without combined use of Wuzhi capsule （P＝0.001）， there was no significant difference in [ss][c min] of TAC between them （P＝0.29）. CONCLUSIONS： For NS patients， the effects of ethnicity， calcium antagonists， proton pump inhibitors， hematocrit， urea nitrogen and Wuzhi capsules on TAC blood concentration should be considered when TAC is used.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of serum autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B₂₇) molecular testing in Uygur patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Method: A total of 727 HIV-infected Uygur patients who visited Kuche infectious diseases hospital during May 2016 to March 2017 were include in this study. The other 390 healthy people were enrolled as controls. Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody, anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENAs) antibody and HLA-B₂₇ molecule were tested. Result: Among 727 HIV-infected Uygur patients, 317 were males and 410 were females with mean age (35.52±13.44) years old. The mean duration of disease was (6.34±3.05) years. There were 697 (95.87%) patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with mean duration of treatment (5.52±3.47) years. The mean CD4⁺T cell count was (520±271) cells/μl in 202 HIV-infected patients, and mean virus load was (108 139±20 498) copies/ml in 20 HIV-infected patients. Rheumatic manifestations were recorded in 238 (32.74%) HIV-infected Uygur patients, mainly with dry mouth and dry eye (15.41%) , alopecia (9.90%) , arthralgia (8.94%) , ect. Compared with the health controls, positive ANA was more common in HIV infected Uygur patients (33.43% vs. 17.43%, P<0.001) with low titers (ANA titer:1∶100) . HIV-infected Uygur patients had higher positive anti-u1-RNP antibodies positive rate (1.10%), but lower anti-SSA antibodies positive rate (0.14%) and anti-CCP antibodies positive rate (0.28%). Patients with positive ANA in HAART group were significantly less than that in non-treatment group (32.71% vs. 50.00%, P=0.049). There were no correlations between ANA and duration of HAART, CD4⁺T cell counts and virus load (r values 0.061, 0.047, 0.121, respectively. P>0.05). Only one female patient was HLA-B₂₇ positive (0.14%), which was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (3.08%) (P<0.001). Also, only one patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Conclusion Autoimmune manifestations are common in HIV-infected Uygur patients. Several autoantibodies are positive, but the coincidence of rheumatic diseases is rare. It′s noted that patients with autoimmune manifestations should be considered as a differential diagnosis of HIV infection.