With advances in complex network theory, the thinking and methods regarding complex systems have changed revolutionarily. Network biology and network pharmacology were built by applying network-based approaches in biomedical research. The cardiovascular system may be regarded as a complex network, and cardiovascular diseases may be taken as the damage of structure and function of the cardiovascular network. Although Chinese medicine (CM) is effective in treating cardiovascular diseases, its mechanisms are still unclear. With the guidance of complex network theory, network biology and network pharmacology, network-based approaches could be used in the study of CM in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. A new discipline-network cardiovasology of CM was, therefore, developed. In this paper, complex network theory, network biology and network pharmacology were introduced and the connotation of "disease-syndrome-formula-herb" was illustrated from the network angle. Network biology could be used to analyze cardiovascular diseases and syndromes and network pharmacology could be used to analyze CM formulas and herbs. The "network-network"-based approaches could provide a new view for elucidating the mechanisms of CM treatment.

Adult ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications

The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is increasing, and has been a severe burden on society and family worldwide. New ideas need to be achieved for developing more efficacious and safe therapies to treat CHD. Chinese medicine (CM) uses multicomponent drugs to prevent disease and ameliorate symptoms based on patients' different syndromes. The benefit of CM in CHD has recently been proven by increasing clinical evidence. More importantly, linking CM syndrome differentiation and biomedical diagnosis might provide innovative thinking for treating CHD. According to epidemiological investigations, blood stasis syndrome (BSS) is the major type of syndrome in CHD. Investigating the biomedical mechanisms of BSS of CHD is a topic of CM research. Because the holistic perspective of systems biology is well matched with CM, the application of omics techniques and other integrative approaches appears inherently appropriate. A wide range of omics techniques, including transcriptomics and proteomics, have been used in studies of BSS of CHD to search for a common ground of understanding. These approaches could be useful for understanding BSS of CHD from clinical and biological viewpoints. Nevertheless, current studies mainly contain results from a single approach, and they have not achieved the holistic, systematic and integrative concept of system biology. Therefore, we discuss the progress and challenges in exploring the biomedical mechanisms of BSS of CHD by systems biology approaches. With further development of systems biology, a better platform to study BSS of CHD may be provided, and biomarkers for BSS of CHD and therapeutic targets may be found. The study of BSS of CHD by systems biology approaches will also be beneficial for developing personalized treatment for BSS of CHD patients.
Coronary Disease ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Syndrome ; Systems Biology ; methods

Objective: To study the preventive actions of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide(GLP) against kidney damage induced by cisplatin. Methods : Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal saline(NS) group, cisplatin(CDDP) group, GLP group, CDDP+GLP group. The changes of Scr, BUN, MDA, SOD were measured and renal structure was observed after 5 days by injecting drugs. Results : The contents of serum Scr and BUN of CDDP group were significantly highter than that of NS group. The activity of RBC SOD reduced and the contents of serum MDA increased. The contents of renocortical tissue MDA increased and the activity of SOD declined in renocortical tissue. The contents of serum Scr and BUN of GLP+CDDP group were significantly lower than that of CDDP group. The activity of RBC SOD increased and the contents of serum MDA declined. The concents of renocortical tissue MDA declined and the activity of SOD increased in renocortical tissue. The pathological slice indicated that renal structure was significantly improved. Conclusion : GLP may reduce cisplatin nephrotoxicity and its mechanism may be correlative with that GLP inhibited the blood and renocortical tissue lipid peroxidation increasing.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cerebral Palsy ; drug therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male

The gene types of breast cancer can be classified into three types according to its molecules: Luminal type A, Luminal type B, HER-2-positive type, triple negative type. Authors combined pathological characteristics of breast cancer, biological characteristics, and comprehensive treatment, used syndrome typing based medication, and explored treatment meticulous ideas and methods of "treating the same disease with different methods" as well as "different treatment methods in accordance with patients individually".
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics

Combining the structural features of picotamide and linotroban, a series of N,N'-bis-(halogenophenyl)-4-methoxybenzene-1, 3-disulfonamides were designed and synthesized on the basic principles of drug design. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and HR-MS, and the in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activity was evaluated by Born turbidimetric method with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as the platelet aggregation inducers. The assay results showed that twelve compounds (4b, 4f, 4l, 5b, 5d-5g, 5j, 5k, 5m and 5n) were found to have superior anti-platelet aggregation activities than the positive drug picotamide. The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been explored.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; Drug Design ; Phthalic Acids ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfonamides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of sophoridine against bone cancer pain in bone cancer pain model rats induced by W256 tumor cells and its mechanism.

METHODThe rat model of bone cancer pain was reproduced by injecting W256 tumor cells into the rat marrow cavity. Ten days after the model establishment, 36 rats were selected and randomly divided into the model control group and the sophoridine treated group. At the same time, other 10 rats with sham-operation were selected to be the normal control group. Since the 15th day after the operation, rats in the treated group had been given sophoridine (25 mg x kg(-1)) for 10 days. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and the thermal withdrawal latency of each group were measured before and after the treatment. After the last treatment, the radiological and histopathological observation shall be conducted for sick legs of all rats. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor tissues were detected by mmunohistochemistry.

RESULTSophoridine could significantly increase the mechanical withdrawal threshold and the thermal withdrawal latency (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), significantly relief the bone injury caused by W256 tumor cells (P < 0.05), and notably down-regulate the COX-2 and VEGF expressions in tumor tissues (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSophoridine has the effect in relieving pain and inhibiting tumor progression in bone cancer pain rats induced by W256 tumor cells. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulated expressions of COX-2 and VEGF.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Bone Neoplasms ; complications ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Hyperalgesia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Pain ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

BACKGROUND:During total hip arthroplasty, placement angle of acetabular prosthesis is significant for clinical curative effects. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the abduction angle and anteversion angle of acetabular prosthesis at different positions during total hip arthroplasty and related influential factors. METHODS:Thirty-five patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty were included in this study, containing 21 males and 14 females, at the age of 51-75 years old. Thesame patient at different positions underwent X-ray examination, including standing anteroposterior pelvis radiographic imaging, standing lateral radiographic imaging and supine anteroposterior pelvis radiographic imaging. Abduction angle and anteversion angle of acetabular prosthesis were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Abduction angle and anteversion angle at standing positionwere bigger than that at supine position (48.47°, 45.89°; 12.44°, 6.17°;P< 0.05). (2) The change in anteversion angle wasassociated with pelvic incidenceangleand pelvic tiltangle. The change in abduction angle was associated with pelvic obliquity. (3) The range of abduction angle (40±10)° and anteversion angle (15±10)° of acetabular prosthesis was identified as securityzone. (4) Results suggested that there were changes in acetabular abduction angle and anteversion angle between supine anteroposterior pelvis radiographic imaging and standing anteroposterior pelvis radiographic imaging after total hip arthroplasty. Acetabular angle was associated with pelvic obliquity, pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt.

Objective To investigate correlation between the results of drug susceptibility and the extent of drug-resistances in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Methods Liquid culture and MTT test were used. Twelve anti-TB drug MICs and drug susceptibility testing of the 163 MTB strains from random clinical isolates were detected, which including RFP, INH, SM, EBM, OFLX, LVFX, MOX, AMK,CPM, PTA, CLA and PAIN. Results There are 67% (42/62) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to SM, 63% (51/81) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to INH, 77% (50/65) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to RFP, 41% ( 15/37 ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to AMK,41% (12/29) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to CPM, 20% (12/60) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to EMB and 43% (25/58) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to OFLX which MICs were equal to or more than 16 μg/ml, 8 μg/ml, 8 μg/ml, 16 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml and 8 μg/ml,respectively. There were significant differences in the MICs of OFLX, LVFX and MOX in OFLX resistant strains (2-128, 1-32 and 0.0625-1 μg/ml, respectively) by ANOVA ( F = 16.874, P ＜ 0.001 ). The MICs of SM, INH, RFP, EMB, OFLX, AMK and CPM in isolates resistant to six or seven drugs (0.5-128,2-64,0.25-128,1-32,1-64,0.5-128 and 1-128 μg/ml,respectively) were higher than those (0.25-128,0.0625-64,0.25-32,0.25-2,0.125-2,0.5-4 and 1-4 μg/ml,respectively) in isolates resistant to one or two drugs (F=20.066, 40.499, 47. 197, 70.373, 91.432, 41.840 and 21.547, respectively, P ＜0.05). The MICs of SM, INH, RFP and EMB in isolates resistant to four drugs (1-128,2-64,0.25-128 and 1-32 μg/ml,respectively ) were higher than those ( 0.25-128,0.0625-64, 0.25-64 and 0.25-2 μg/ml,respectively) in isolates resistant to one or two drugs (F = 26.242, 23.563, 31.541 and 64.469,respectively, P ＜0.05).The MICs of RFP in MDR isolates (2-64 μg/ml) were higher than those (0. 25 μg/ml) in other resistant isolate except M DR isolates (F = 5.613, P <0.05). Conclusions The study shows that there are associations between the results of routine drug susceptibility testing and the resistant extent of anti-TB drugs. This could help doctors select more effective anti-TB regimen for TB patients according to the correlations.