Multi-target drugs attract increasing attentions for the therapy of complicated neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, a computer-assisted strategy was applied to search for multi-target compounds by the pharmacophore matching. This strategy has been successfully used to design dual-target inhibitor models against both the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Based on two pharmacophore models matching and physicochemical properties filtering, one hit was identified which could inhibit AChE with IC50 value of (0.337 +/- 0.052) micromol x L(-1) and PARP-1 by 24.6% at 1 micromol x L(-1).
Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Computer-Aided Design ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) has been historically recognized as a metabolite of the marine microorganism or a disgusting component for the smell of halitosis patients. In our recent study, DMS has been identified as a cytoprotectant that protects against oxidative-stress induced cell death and aging. We found that at near- physiological concentrations, DMS reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured PC12 cells and alleviated oxidative stress. The radical-scavenging capacity of DMS at near-physiological concentration was equivalent to endogenous methionine(Met)-centered antioxidant defense. Methionine sulfoxidereductase A (MsrA), the key antioxidant enzyme in Met-centered defense, bound to DMS and promoted its antioxidant capacity via facilitating the reaction of DMS with ROS through a sulfonium intermediate at residues Cys72, Tyr103, Glu115, followed by the release of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). MTT assay and trypan blue test indicated that supplement of DMS exhibited cytopro?tection against 6-hydroxydopamine and MPP + induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, MsrA knockdown abolished the cytoprotective effect of DMS at near- physiological concentrations. The present study reveals new insight into the potential therapeutic value of DMS in Parkinson disease.

BACKGROUND:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a commonly sport-induced knee joint injury that does serious harm to the knee stability. ACL reconstruction is a commonly used treatment method, but researches on 1/2 peroneus longus tendon (PLT) graft are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical outcomes of removing the autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT under arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction. METHODS:106 patients with complete ACL rupture in the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University from December 2010 to December 2014 were enrolled, and autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT was removed under arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction. At baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, the knee stability was evaluated manually through the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test, and the knee function was evaluated by Tegner activity scale, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Postoperative anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test tests were negative in all patients. In terms of Tegner activity scale, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores, there were significant differences at baseline and postoperative 3 months as compared with postoperative 6 months (P < 0.05); the scores at baseline and postoperative 3 months showed significant differences compared with 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05); the scores showed no significant difference between 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). These results indicate that autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT is a good choice for ACL reconstruction under arthroscopy, achieving rapid and satisfactory functional recovery of the knee joint, which is not only minimally invasive and easy to operate, but also exhibits good therapeutic efficacy.

BACKGROUND: Greater tuberosity of humerus, as the attachment point of rotator cuff, plays a vital role in shoulder.Neer and AO classification for proximal humeral fractures have been accepted extensively. However, the classification for single greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus is little reported, and its fixation method remains controversial.OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative efficacy of the double-row suture anchors under arthroscopy for avulsion-type greater tuberosity fractures (Mutch type Ⅰ) METHODS: Clinical data of 24 patients with avulsion-type greater tuberosity fractures (Mutch type Ⅰ) undergoing double-row suture anchors under arthroscopy were analyzed retrospectively. The displacement distance of the greater tuberosity of humerus was measured on CT before and after fixation. The shoulder joint was evaluated by Constant-Murley Score and the University of California, Los Angeles score at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Besides, the visual analogue scale scores were detected at baseline and 12 months postoperatively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Double-row suture anchors effectively improved the displacement of greater tuberosity and rotator cuff injury. (2) The patients accompanied by rotator cuff injury accounted for 79.16%. (3) The Constant-Murley Score and the University of California, Los Angeles scores were significantly improved at each time point (P < 0.05). The visual analogue scale scores after fixation were significantly superior to those before fixation (P < 0.05). (4) These results suggest that the double-row suture anchors under arthroscopy can effectively improve the displacement of greater tuberosity and alleviate the pain. Moreover, it is conductive for early recovery of the shoulder function with little trauma, so it is a good choice for avulsion-type greater tuberosity fractures (Mutch type Ⅰ).

Objective To investigate the profession development status of IV nurse team in a part of level-3A hospitals in China.Methods The questionnaire designed by intravenous therapy professional committee of CNA was used to investigate the status of IV nurse team in 584 departments of 147 hospitals in 27 provinces.Results IV teams were built in 135 hospitals, accounting for 91.8%.The lowest ratio of the total nurse number to that of trained nurses was 1∶0.05, and the lowest ratio of the total nurse number to that of PICC placement nurses was 1∶0.069.22.7%-35.4% departments had more PICC placement nurses than trained nurses, and 10.1%-16.8%departments had PICC placement nurses than trained nurses .Conclusions Many achievements have reached in IV nurse team in China , but problems still exist in IV nurse team construction . Positive measures , such as setting training and examination standards for IV nurse , unifying certification and making other policies , should be taken to promote the professional development of IV nurse team in China .

Objective To understand nursing managers′ expectations towards nurses′ energy level stratification so as to provide the basis for the establishment of a scientific nurses′ level stratification. Methods Questionnaires were used to investigate 148 nursing managers who were randomly selected from level three class A 10 hospitals in Beijing. Results A total of 55 nursing managers (37. 2%) thought that nurses′stratification could be divided into four levels, 29 (19. 6%) for five levels and 37 (25. 0%) for six levels among 148 nursing managers. A total of 148 nursing managers believed that nurses′ education background, professional title, working experiences, ability of nursing clinical, teaching ability, scientific research ability and so on should be considered as indicators of nurses′ level stratification and expressed their expectations towards nurses′energy level stratification. Conclusions It is appropriate to divide nurses′stratification into four to six levels. Many indicators should be fully considered in the specific stratification to reflect the professional value of all nurses in maximum extent. Expectations of the managers towards nurses′ energy level stratification provide a good foundation for building a scientific and objective nurses′ level stratification and a sustained development career path for nurses.

Objective To revise the medication error evaluation scale and to explore its clinical application effect .Methods The medication error cases from January 2007 to November 2012 were analyzed , and the expert reasoning conference was held to discuss and revise the medication error evaluation scale based on the statistical results .The historical controlled study was used in this study , and 84 medication error cases from January 2007 to November 2012 were chosen as the control group , and 8 cases from December 2012 to May 2013 were chosen as the observation group .All cases were surveyed by the revised medication error evaluation scale , and the incidence rate of medication error was compared between two groups .Results The incidence rates of serious medication error , intravenous administration error , intramuscular/subcutaneous administration error , high-risk drug medication error were respectively 0.54, 1.97, 1.37, 0.95/100,000 occupied bed day in the control group, and were higher than 0.00, 0.62, 0.62, 0.00/100,000 occupied bed day in the observation group, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =54.000, 70.368, 28.267, 95.000, respectively;P<0.01 ).Conclusions The revised medication error evaluation scale can reduce the incidence rate of medication error to some extent , but the further study is still needed to explore its long-term application effect .

Objective? To investigate cultivation and current working situations of PICC specialist nurses (SNs). Methods? Using convenience sampling method, all trainees who participated in PICC advanced training course held by Chinese Nursing Society from 3rd to 7th July 2017 were selected as the research objects. All the nurses were investigated a Cultivation and Current Working Situations of PICC Specialized Nurses designed by the Professional Committee of Intravenous Therapy of Chinese Nursing Society. A total of 82 questionnaires were distributed and 82 valid questionnaires were collected. The research data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. Results? A total of 82 trainees were recruited from 65 hospitals from 18 provinces, cities and autonomous regions. There were 34 (52.3%) hospitals having open and transparent criteria for selecting SNs. 45 (69.2%) hospitals reimbursed the cost of PICC training courses, while 20 (30.8%) hospitals' bonuses were unaffected. The median ratio of total intravenous therapy SNs to total registered nurses in their departments was 0.125. Of 82 PICC specialist nurses, 34 (41.5%) were on nursing management posts, 40 (48.8%) worked in and out of the hospital, 37 (45.1%) worked in specialist nursing clinics, 51 (62.2%) were nursing consultants, 50 (61.0%) worked as specialist nurses educators, 19 (23.2%) took scientific research subjects and 24 (29.3%) published academic papers after participating in specialist nurse training. Conclusions? In recent years, the team of PICC specialist nurses has developed rapidly, the work place has been expanded, and the work content is more abundant. However, there is no open selection criteria for PICC specialist nurses in many hospitals. Payment support for PICC specialist nurses during training is not fully guaranteed. The role orientation of PICC specialist nurses needs to be further clarified. The role of specialist nurses has not been fully played and their scientific research ability needs to be further improved. It is suggested that nursing administrators should formulate the training, use and management system of specialist nurses, set up specialist nurses posts, and promote the rational development of specialist nurses.

Objective To explore the investigation of central venous pressure ( CVP ) measurement operation in some hospitals throughout the country, in order to provide the evidence for the construction of CVP standardized measurement. Methods A convenience sample of 236, who was students of Chinese Nursing Association critical care specialist nurse training class in 2014, was investigated the various factors influencing the CVP measurement by self designed questionnaire according to literature. Results After central venous catheter insertion, 48. 7% of students′department checked the apex position of CVP as routine. A total of 55 students (23. 3%) believed it should remove PEEP before CVP measurement, 87 students (36. 9%) reckoned it was not available, while 94 of them ( 39. 8%) considered whether removed PEEP according to patients′condition. Most of students′ department utilized double channel catheter or multi-lumen catheter, while 131 students′department (55. 5%) chose the main catheter to measure CVP as regulation, department of 8 students (3. 4%) choosing lateral channel, and department of 97 students ( 41. 1%) having no clear regulation. Conclusions In some hospitals the CVP measurement has no united standard, even if there were factors related research had been confirmed. The results of researches had not been widely accepted in clinical. In order to improve the accuracy of clinical CVP measurement, CVP measurement needs to construct standardized operating norms.

Objective To detect 10 kinds of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) and compare their amounts during lactational stage.Methods Breast milk samples in different stages of lactation as colostrum (day 0-7 postpartum),transitional milk (day 8-15 postpartum),and mature milk (day 16-180 postpartum) were collected and 10 HMOS in those samples were detected and quantified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection after fluorescence labeling by using standard curves.Correlations between HMOS and lactation day were conducted by Person correlation analysis method,while the differences among three stages were calculated by ANOVA test.Results Ten HMOS were successfully separated and quantified under chosen chromatographic parameters.2'FL,3'SL,6'SL,LNT,LNnT and LNFP-I were negatively correlated and 3'FL was positively correlated with lactation days.They were different in three lactational stages (P ＜ 0.05),while P1,LNFP-V and LNnFP-V showed no correlation and difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The amount of HMOS changed during lactational stages.Seven HMOS were correlated with lactation days and different in three lactational stages (P ＜ 0.05).