BACKGROUND: Greater tuberosity of humerus, as the attachment point of rotator cuff, plays a vital role in shoulder.Neer and AO classification for proximal humeral fractures have been accepted extensively. However, the classification for single greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus is little reported, and its fixation method remains controversial.OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative efficacy of the double-row suture anchors under arthroscopy for avulsion-type greater tuberosity fractures (Mutch type Ⅰ) METHODS: Clinical data of 24 patients with avulsion-type greater tuberosity fractures (Mutch type Ⅰ) undergoing double-row suture anchors under arthroscopy were analyzed retrospectively. The displacement distance of the greater tuberosity of humerus was measured on CT before and after fixation. The shoulder joint was evaluated by Constant-Murley Score and the University of California, Los Angeles score at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Besides, the visual analogue scale scores were detected at baseline and 12 months postoperatively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Double-row suture anchors effectively improved the displacement of greater tuberosity and rotator cuff injury. (2) The patients accompanied by rotator cuff injury accounted for 79.16%. (3) The Constant-Murley Score and the University of California, Los Angeles scores were significantly improved at each time point (P < 0.05). The visual analogue scale scores after fixation were significantly superior to those before fixation (P < 0.05). (4) These results suggest that the double-row suture anchors under arthroscopy can effectively improve the displacement of greater tuberosity and alleviate the pain. Moreover, it is conductive for early recovery of the shoulder function with little trauma, so it is a good choice for avulsion-type greater tuberosity fractures (Mutch type Ⅰ).

BACKGROUND:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a commonly sport-induced knee joint injury that does serious harm to the knee stability. ACL reconstruction is a commonly used treatment method, but researches on 1/2 peroneus longus tendon (PLT) graft are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical outcomes of removing the autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT under arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction. METHODS:106 patients with complete ACL rupture in the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University from December 2010 to December 2014 were enrolled, and autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT was removed under arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction. At baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, the knee stability was evaluated manually through the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test, and the knee function was evaluated by Tegner activity scale, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Postoperative anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test tests were negative in all patients. In terms of Tegner activity scale, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores, there were significant differences at baseline and postoperative 3 months as compared with postoperative 6 months (P < 0.05); the scores at baseline and postoperative 3 months showed significant differences compared with 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05); the scores showed no significant difference between 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). These results indicate that autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT is a good choice for ACL reconstruction under arthroscopy, achieving rapid and satisfactory functional recovery of the knee joint, which is not only minimally invasive and easy to operate, but also exhibits good therapeutic efficacy.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) has been historically recognized as a metabolite of the marine microorganism or a disgusting component for the smell of halitosis patients. In our recent study, DMS has been identified as a cytoprotectant that protects against oxidative-stress induced cell death and aging. We found that at near- physiological concentrations, DMS reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured PC12 cells and alleviated oxidative stress. The radical-scavenging capacity of DMS at near-physiological concentration was equivalent to endogenous methionine(Met)-centered antioxidant defense. Methionine sulfoxidereductase A (MsrA), the key antioxidant enzyme in Met-centered defense, bound to DMS and promoted its antioxidant capacity via facilitating the reaction of DMS with ROS through a sulfonium intermediate at residues Cys72, Tyr103, Glu115, followed by the release of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). MTT assay and trypan blue test indicated that supplement of DMS exhibited cytopro?tection against 6-hydroxydopamine and MPP + induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, MsrA knockdown abolished the cytoprotective effect of DMS at near- physiological concentrations. The present study reveals new insight into the potential therapeutic value of DMS in Parkinson disease.

Multi-target drugs attract increasing attentions for the therapy of complicated neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, a computer-assisted strategy was applied to search for multi-target compounds by the pharmacophore matching. This strategy has been successfully used to design dual-target inhibitor models against both the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Based on two pharmacophore models matching and physicochemical properties filtering, one hit was identified which could inhibit AChE with IC50 value of (0.337 +/- 0.052) micromol x L(-1) and PARP-1 by 24.6% at 1 micromol x L(-1).
Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Computer-Aided Design ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors

Objective:To study the feasibility of transplantation of normal rat penile corpus cavernosum and major pelvic ganglion (MPG)into the renal subserous region of a Nu /Nu mouse based on allograft technology.Methods:Penile corpus cavernosum and MPG,harvested from Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats under sterile condition,were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of Nu /Nu mice through the mi-crosurgery instruments and surgery microscope.The histopathologic changes and cellular proliferation in the transplanted penile corpus cavernosum and MPG were then analyzed at the end of 1week and 4 weeks after transplantation.Histological staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the main outcome measures.Results:After 1 week,the tissue morphology of the transplanted corpus caverno-sum underneath the kidney capsule of Nu /Nu mice was consistent with normal penile corpus cavernosum, and blood could be observed in the penis cavernous sinus of the graft;after 4 weeks,the mophorlogy of the tranplanted corpus cavernosum near the kidney was consistent with normal penile corpus cavernosum, while fibrosis was noteworthy in the graft away from the kidney,but blood could still be seen in the penis cavernous sinus.After 1 week,the tissue morphology of the transplanted MPG was consistent with normal MPG,multiple islet-like cell clusters could be seen in the transplanted MPG in the renal subserous re-gion,and angiogenesis could be observed near the kidney;after 4 weeks,a network of blood vessels was clearly visible away from the kidney,and islet-like cell clusters were still clearly observed in the trans-planted MPG.In addition,ki67 positive cells were observed in the transplanted penile corpus cavernosum and MPG after 4 weeks of transplantation,which indicated that there was still cell proliferation activity in the grafts.Conclusion:The transplanted corpus cavernosum and MPG underneath the kidney capsule of Nu /Nu mice could survive at least 4 weeks.Moreover,the inner structure of the transplanted corpus ca-vernosum and MPG was close to the normal tissue.The underlining mechanism may be related to the lo-cal microenvironment underneath the kidney capsule of Nu /Nu mice and the neovascularization in the transplanted grafts.

Objective To detect 10 kinds of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) and compare their amounts during lactational stage.Methods Breast milk samples in different stages of lactation as colostrum (day 0-7 postpartum),transitional milk (day 8-15 postpartum),and mature milk (day 16-180 postpartum) were collected and 10 HMOS in those samples were detected and quantified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection after fluorescence labeling by using standard curves.Correlations between HMOS and lactation day were conducted by Person correlation analysis method,while the differences among three stages were calculated by ANOVA test.Results Ten HMOS were successfully separated and quantified under chosen chromatographic parameters.2'FL,3'SL,6'SL,LNT,LNnT and LNFP-I were negatively correlated and 3'FL was positively correlated with lactation days.They were different in three lactational stages (P ＜ 0.05),while P1,LNFP-V and LNnFP-V showed no correlation and difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The amount of HMOS changed during lactational stages.Seven HMOS were correlated with lactation days and different in three lactational stages (P ＜ 0.05).

OBJECTIVE: To compare randomized controlled trial (RCT) study and observational study systematically, and to provide reference for selecting suitable study design types for clinical researchers. METHODS: RCT study and observational study were compared in respects of study design and study report paradigm. Relevant literatures were retrieved from PubMed database and Chinese Journal Full-text Database. The differences of literature publication of RCT study and observational study were compared at home and abroad. RESULTS: There were differences in design principles, objectives, subjects, interventions and validity between RCT study and observational study. The requirements of CONSORT statemtnt and STROBE statement to the topics, abstracts, introduction, results and discussions of report paradigm of two studies were basically consistent, and main difference of them were in aspects of methods and other information. The number of literatures about RCT study and observational study had little gap at abroad, but had great gap at home, especially in cohort study with high-level evidence of evidence-based medicine. CONCLUSIONS: The observational study has developed rapidly in recent years, but RCT study is still a "gold standard" to evaluate the causal effect of clinical study. The researchers should choose the appropriate type of design according to the actual situation.

The Micro-infusion syringe pump has been widely used in infusion of various vasoactive agents. There are several modes of syringe replacement with advantages or limitations respectively. It is important to maintain the stability of hemodynamic parameters during the syringe replacement. In the times of the reformation of medical and medical insurance payment, it is worth paying attention to monitor costs of medical consumables. The large sample multicenter study is needed to reveal the relationships between the hemodynamic parameters and the sorts and volume of various vasoactive agents. It will provide the basis for the clinical choice of syringe replacement modes.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of plasma microRNA 10b (miRNA-10b) in patients with cervical cancer.Methods The levels of plasma miRNA-10b,SCCA and CEA were detected by RT-PCR in 168 patients with cervical cancer,68 patients with CIN (CIN group) and 45 healthy women (control group),analyzed the relation between miRNA 10b expression and clinicopathological features of cervical cancer.The sensitivity and specificity of miRNA-10b,SCCA and CEA in the diagnosis of cervical cancer were evaluated by ROC curve,and the relationship between three indexes and cervical cancer were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model.Correlation analysis of plasma miRNA-10b and SCCA,CEA in patients with cervical cancer was analysed by Pearson.Results The levels of miRNA-10b,SCCA and CEA in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in the CIN group and the control group[miRNA-10b(2-△△Ct):5.83± 1.84 vs 2.64±0.92 and 2.38±0.75;SCCA(ng/ml):8.74±2.26 vs 1.97±0.62 and 0.61±0.15;CEA (ng/ml):5.71±2.15 vs 1.56±0.58 and 1.34±0.16,F=17.842,13.614,8.273,all P＜0.01].The level of plasma miRNA-10b expression was correlated with clinical stage,lymph node metastasis,depth of invasion and SCCA level in patients with cervical cancer(t/F=19.287,21.528,5.672,5.284,P＜0.05).Plasma miRNA-10b,SCCA and CEA and three combined diagnosis of cervical cancer of AUC (95％CI) were 0.836(0.752～0.924),0.795(0.722～0.875),0.664(0.596～0.738) and 0.882(0.794～0.958),respectively.The optimal cut-off values were 4.26,6.58 ng/ml and 4.05 ng/ml,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated plasma miRNA-10b and SCCA levels were independent risk factors for cervical cancer[OR(95％CI)=1.816(1.629～2.483),OR(95％CI) =1.427(1.206～ 1.975)].Plasma miRNA-10b was positively correlated with SCCA in patients with cervical cancer(r=0.637,P＜0.01).Conclusion Plasma miRNA-10b will be expected to be a molecular marker for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer.The combination of SCCA and CEA can improve the diagnostic accuracy of cervical cancer.

BACKGROUNDThe antitumor role of Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) gene and its potential molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The objective of this study was to observe the antitumor ability of RASSF1A in hepatocellular carcinoma, and study the mechanisms of cell apoptosis induced by RASSF1A.

METHODSAfter stably transfecting a RASSF1A (wild-type or mutant) expression vector into the BEL-7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, RT-PCR and Western blotting was used to detect the RASSF1A expression levels in recombinant cells. The effects of wild-type RASSF1A on cell growth were observed in vitro by analyzing cell proliferation rate, cell colony formation, and in vivo by analyzing tumorigenesis in nude mice. In addition, the effect of RASSF1A gene expression on the chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to antitumor drugs was examined by inhibition of cell proliferation and the percentage of apoptotic cells.

RESULTSWild-type RASSF1A, not the mutant, suppressed cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Re-expression of wild-type RASSF1A could enhance the inhibition of cell proliferation and the percentage of apoptotic cells following cell treatment with mitomycin, but had no significant effect when combined with adriamycin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin treatment.

CONCLUSIONWild-type RASSF1A inhibits cell growth and enhances cell chemosensitivity to mitomycin in hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that RASSF1A may serve as a new target for gene therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Mitomycin ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology