Methylated DNA is considered as a new generation of tumor biomarker.It shows great value for evaluation of cancer risk,early detection and predicting prognosis.MS-HRM is a novel approach for quantitative assessment of methylation.It is based on the different base compositions after PCR amplification of bisulfite-modified DNA template,which give rise to different thermal properties of the PCR products originating from methylated or unmethylated target template.This article describs the advantages of this method and its role in the detection of cancer and inherit disease.The prospective application in the molecular diagnosis is also suggested.

Absence of clinical laboratory technician/technologist certification and registry,which leads to a variety of problems in the reliability of test results and staff management and administration,remains the main obstacle in the development of laboratory medicine in China.Here the official institution of educational background requirement,certification and license,continuing education and job vacancy of clinical laboratories in the United States were described briefly in order to appeal for the implementation of practice access in China.

High-resolution melting technique shows great potential as a clinical diagnostic tool because of its cost-effectiveness , convenience and closed-tube format which can prevent the risk of cross contamination.HRM analysis has been widely used in molecular diagnostics in the management of cancer by mutation detection , pre-sequence screening , methylation and copy number variations , which involves cancer screening, diagnosis, individual treatment and prognosis .Take advantage of the high detection sensitivity of HRM, the accuracy of mutation screening method could be improved and the test cost could be reduced by combing HRM analysis with sequencing , which helps to develop the molecular diagnostic technique .

[Objective] To explore the relationship between Chinese traditional medicated food science and modern nutriology, identify the developmental direction of modern medicated food culture, and propose suggestions for the scientific development of medicated food culture. [Method] Based on the previous studies, the comparative research was conducted to analyze the difference between and similarity of medicated food science and modern nutriology in terms of the theory system and research expertise. [Result] The scientific and objective recognition of the effects of medicated food could promote the development of medicated food culture. For the academic research, the advantages of traditional medicated food culture and weakness of modern nutriology need to be understood. For the practice, the experience of modern nutriology can be learned to help the innovation of medicated food science's research methods and regulation of usage. [Conclusion] The development of medicated food culture not only needs to inherit the tradition, but also needs to learn from the modern nutriology and pharmacology, and assimilates the achievements from modern western science civilization.

Molecular diagnostics is now playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis , prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of diseases .However, the molecular diagnostic practices in China are still lagging far behind those in the western countries , such as levels of testing platform , test diversity , quality control , result interpretation and administration of laboratory developed tests .Here we compared the current situation of molecular diagnostics in China with the daily work flow in the advanced countries , appealing for the collaboration of governmen administrators , professional associations and clinical laboratories to establish the appropriate supervising policies , technical guides and quality control standards of molecular diagnostic tests .On the premise of an ensured test result , the opening up of clinical test administration will effectively accelerate the development of molecular diagnostics .

College of American Pathologists (CAP) and International Standard Organization (ISO)15189 accreditation provides requirements to the verification and validation tests for clinical molecular diagnostic assays.The article will introduce the requirements in these aspects including the differences between the two accreditation systems,the differences between the verification and validation tests,the essential factors and standardized framework of the verification and validation tests for clinical molecular diagnostic assays.

Nowadays,Traditional Chinese Medicine schools meet the embarrassment during their development,such as:the deposal of Traditional Chinese Medicine;herbalist doctors' cultivation;human resource supply;management of Traditional Chinese Medicine Schools.The paper suggests that Traditional Chinese Medicine Schools should follow such development strategy as giving prominence to its characteristics by setting cross-subjects,perfecting positioning,strenthening internationalization and developing lifelong education.

Adult ; Glottis ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; pathology ; Male ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the clinical values of extracapsular invasion at sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer.Methods From Jan,2010 to Jan,2013,80 patients underwent axillary lymph node dissection due to sentinel lymph nodes invasion were enrolled in this prospective study.Patients were signed to extracapsular at sentinel lymph nodes positive group (n =45)and control group (n =35)according to the intra -operative pathology.The primary outcome was rate of positive non -sentinel lymph nodes and the second outcomes were 3 -year recurrence -free survival,mortality and health -related quality of life.Results Compared with the control group,the patients in extracapsular at sentinel lymph nodes positive group got a significantly higher rate of positive non -sentinel lymph nodes (91.11% vs.28.57%,χ2 =33.321,P <0.001 );a significantly lower rate of 3 -year recurrence -free survival(57.78% vs.88.57%,χ2 =9.114,P =0.003);a significantly higher rate of mortality (17.78% vs.2.86%,χ2 =4.390,P =0.036);and a significantly lower level of health -related quality of life[(78.43 ±12.43)vs.(87.54 ±11.89),t =11.324,P =0.000].Conclusion Extracapsular invasion at sentinel lymph nodes was a reliable predictor for non -sentinel lymph nodes invasion and long -term clinical outcomes.

Objective To investigate the expression of Interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.Methods Forty cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma ( PCNSL) , 11 cases of secondary central nervous system lymphomas( SCNS) , 20 cases of brain metastase, 20 cases of central nervous system infection and 16 cases of other nervous system disease( ONSD) were collected during the period from July 2013 to December 2015 in Fudan University Hua Shan Hospital North.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.The overall level of each group was compared using Kruskal-Wallis test.Two independent samples were compared by U Mann-Whitney test.The diagnostic value of IL-6 and IL-10 levels for PCNSL was evaluated by ROC curve.Results In PCNSL group, BM group, SCNSL group, CNSI group and ONSD group, the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were not statistically significant ( H values were 4.165 and 5.368, respectively, P>0.05).IL-6 levels in CSF were significantly higher in CNSI[623.73 (1018.77-184.37) pg/ml] than those in other groups ( ZPCNSL =51.36, ZSCNSL =28.18, ZBM =51.50, ZCNSI =85.45, ZONSD =42.16, P<0.05 ) .The levels of IL-10 in CSF were significantly higher in CNSI and PCNSL than those in other groups ( ZPCNSL =74.50, ZSCNSL =34.68, ZBM =35.35, ZCNSI =72.95, ZONSD =15.66, P<0.05).The levels of IL-10 in CSF in PCNSL group[64.88(20.03-206.14)pg/ml]was significantly higher than in SCNSL group[6.28(2.78-18.87)pg/ml, Z=-3.753,P<0.05], BM group[7.30(3.72 -14.49) pg/ml, Z=-5.034,P<0.05] and ONSD group [3.14(2.931-4.20)pg/ml, Z=-5.786,P<0.05].The area under the ROC curve of IL-6 and IL-10 levels in CSF was 0.461 and 0.806 respectively for the diagnosis of PCNSL.When IL-10 was 19.62 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 77.5% ( 31/40 ) and the specificity was 70.1% ( 47/67 ) .The area under the ROC curve of CSF IL-6 and IL-10 levels was 0.861 and 0.718 respectively for the diagnosis of CNSI.When IL-6 was 155.12 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 80.0% (16/20) and the specificity was 90.8% (79/87).When IL-10 was 26.76 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 80.0% ( 16/20 ) and the specificity was 66.7% ( 58/87 ) . Conclusion The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in CSF can be used as an indicator for the differential diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.