Objective To investigate whether determination of CEA and CA19-9 levels in EUS-FNA pancreatic samples can be useful in detecting pancreatic adenocarcinoma and differentiating pancreatic adenocarcinoma from chronic pancreatitis.Methods Levels of CEA,CA19-9 were examined by chemiluminescence immunoassay analysis in EUS-FNA specimens obtained from 25 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 65 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma,and compared with those of their peripheral serum.Twelve patients with suspected pancreatic adenocarcinoma while with negative EUS-FNA pathological findings were followed up.Results First,the levels of CEA,CA19-9 in EUS-FNA specimens were higher than those in serum obtained from same patient with pancreatic adenoearcinoma(P＜0.01),but there was no difference in these variables of EUS-FNA specimens and serum obtained from patients with chronic pancreatitis.Second,in the EUS-FNA samples,the levels of CEA,CA19-9 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma were higher than those in chronic pancreatitis(P＜0.01).On the contrary,in serum samples,there was no significant difference in CEA level between pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis(P=0.079).CA19-9 level in serum of Dancreatic adenocarcinoma was higher than that of chronic pancreatitis(P＜0.01). Finally,during the follow-up,of all the 12 patients with suspected pancreatic adenocarcinoma,10 patients were diagnosed as having pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 2 patients as having chronic pancreatitis.Diagnostic accuracy of serum CEA and CA19-9were 30%and 70%respectively,while sensitivity of CEA and CA10-9 determined by EUS-FNA was both above 90%.Conclusion The method of measuring CEA and CA19-9 levels in samples obtained by EUS-FNAcan be useful in detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and differentiation of malignant pancreatic tissue from chronic pancreatitis.

Objective To investigate the changes of saliva biochemical parameters in the dynamic evolution of “normal constitution - kidney deficiency constitution - kidney deficiency syndrome”.Methods Totally 24 male and female SD rats of 3 months old (12 male rats and 12 female rats) were put in packet pair cage. Pregnant rats were randomly divided intoⅠ andⅡ groups, 6 rats in each group.Ⅰ group was without intimidation during pregnancy, with normal feeding, and then after the birth, 20 rats were randomly selected as normal control group and kidney deficiency syndrome model group, 10 rats in each group, half male and half female.Ⅱ group, from gestation day 2, was given intimidation until postnatal. 10 half male and half female rats were randomly selected as model group of kidney deficiency constitution. Rats in each group received normal feeding conditions for 6 weeks. The kidney deficiency syndrome model group was given intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone 25 mg/kg body weight every day, while normal control group and kidney deficiency constitution model group were injected with the same amount of normal saline for 10 consecutive days. The changes of salivary biochemical parameters were observed in each group of rats.Results Compared with the normal control group, salivary pH in the kidney deficiency constitution group and kidney deficiency syndrome group significantly increased (P<0.01). CK, ALT, AST, ALP levels in the kidney deficiency constitution group were reduced, but the contents of K, P, TP, AMY increased. The levels of CK, ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in the kidney deficiency syndrome decreased, while the contents of K, P, TP, and AMY increased (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with the kidney deficiency constitution group, the content of LDH in the kidney deficiency syndrome group decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion Rat saliva composition changes did occur in the kidney deficiency constitution group and kidney deficiency syndrome group.

Objective To study the efficacy of intra-tumoral injection of different concentrations of ethanol for nude mice with implanted pancreatic cancer and provide evidence for choosing appropriate concentration of ethanol for clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer.Methods A subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of human pancreatic cancer SW1990 was established.Forty-eight nude mice with similar tumor size were randomly divided into 20％,40％,60％,80％,95％ ethanol injection groups and saline injection group.The longest (a) and the shortest diameters (b) of tumor of nude mice were measured.Tumor volume (TV),relative tumor volume (RTV) and the relative rate of tumor proliferation (T/C％) were calculated.Eight days later the nude mice were sacrificed.The tumor tissue was harvested for pathologic examinations.Results RTV in 20％ ethanol injection group was similar that of saline injection group (P =0.212).RTV in 40％,60％,80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups were significantly lower than that in saline injection group (P ＜ 0.01).RTV was less than 1 and T/C％ was less than 30％ in 60％,80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups.The values of RTV and T/C％ decreased with the increase of ethanol concentration.RTV in 80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups were significantly lower than that of 60％ ethanol injection group (P =0.003 and P =0.009).RTV was similar in 80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups (P =0.819).The pathologic examinations showed no tumor necrosis in saline injection group,while small amounts of necrosis in implanted pancreatic cancer was observed in 20％ and 40％ ethanol injection groups,while a large area of coagulation necrosis could be found in 60％,80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups.Conclusions Intra-tumoral injection of 80％ ethanol is feasible therapy method for nude mice with human pancreatic cancer xenografts.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of E1B gene-deleted adenovirus (H101)and ethanol in treating advanced pancreatic carcinomas by intratumoral injection combined with intravenous gemcitabine.Methods We constructed an orthotopic nude mouse model of pancreatic carcinoma through cancer cell injection into pancreas.A total of 54 nude mice were randomly allocated to 6 groups to accept H101,ethanol or saline (control) intratumoral injection,combined with or without intravenous gemcitabiein.The animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after the treatment and the pancreatic tumors were collected to determine the size,existence of metastasis,distribution of virus by indirect immunofluorescence and apoptosis in tumor by TUNEL and electron microscope.Results All mice completed the scheduled treatment,while 3 died in 48 hours after ethanol injection resulting in a mortality of 16.7％ (3/18).On the contrary,no mice died in the adenovirus injcction group.The average tumor size in group of H101 intratumoral injection combined with intravenous gemcitabie was significant smaller than that in group of saline injection with or without systemic gemcitabie (P =0.008,0.040,respectively).Similar differences were observed between ethanol intratumoral injection and control groups (P =0.012,0.041).Meanwhile,the H101 was absent in all the other organs except the pancreas,which meant that the selectivity of the H101 was tremcndous.The virus combine gemcitabie group had higher apoptosis rate in tumor (83.2 ± 35.7) ％,determined by TUNEL.Conclusion E1B gene-deleted adenovirus intratumral injection in combination with intravenous gemcitabine treating pancreatic carcinomas is efficient and safe,in spite of its lower effectiveness than ethanol.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of a quantitative detection of K-ras mutation in samples from endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)of pancreatic cancer.Methods Samples taken by EUS-FNA from 53 pancreatic occupying lesions were collected, and the copies of wild-type and mutated K-ras gene was measured by PNA-clamping real-time quantitative PCR. The results were analyzed with refer to cytological findings to evaluate its clinical values. Results According to cytological finding, a total of 37 cases were diagnosed as pancreatic cancer, and 16 were non-malignant lesions. Kras mutation was detected in 83.8% of cancer cases, and 18. 8% of non-cancer cases, which was significantly different ( P ＜0. 05 ). Sensitivities of cytology and K-ras examination were 59. 5% and 83.8%, respectively, while that of combination of cytology and K-ras examination was 89. 2%. Conclusion Quantitative analysis of the mutant K-ras gene in samples taken by EUS-FNA is a useful tool for diagnosing the pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of periodontal flap surgery with the aid of microscope in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis(CP).Methods:30 patients with CP included in the study were randomly divided into 2 groups.Patients in the experiment group received periodontal flap surgery with the aid of microscope,while those in the control group received the routine flap surgery.The VAS pain scores were compared 1 ,3 and 7 days after surgery.The periodontal parameters were compared 3 and 6 months after surgery between 2 groups.Results:The VAS pain score in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group 1 and 3 days (P =0.01 7 and 0.004)after surgery;the periodontal probing depth in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group 3 and 6 months (P =0.01 0 and 0.047)after surgery.Conclusion:The periodontal probing depth,gin-gival recession and clinical attachment level can be improved and the pain can be reduced in the treatment of CP patients with the aid of microscope in the periodontal flap surgery.

Objective To compare biomechanical effects of augmentative plating assisted by different types and numbers of intramedullary nails in the treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing.Methods Twenty-five specimens of synthetic femur were randomly divided into an experimental group (20 bones) and a control group (5 bones).All the bones were made into models of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing.The control group was subjected to no augmentative plating.The experimental group was further divided into 4 subgroups (n =5) which were subjected to fixation respectively by:a 7-hole plate with 3 bicortical screws on each side,a 7-hole plate with 3 unicortical screws on each side,a 5-hole plate with 2 bicortical screws on each side,and a 5-hole plate with 2 unicortical screws on each side.The torque values of all the subgroups were measured and compared when the models were subjected to torsional angles of 5°,10°,15°,20° and 25°.Results The anti-torsional strengths at torsional angles of 5°,10°,15°,20° and 25° in the 4 experimental groups were all significantly greater than in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).At a torsion angle of 25°,the mean torque value in the 3-bicortical-screw group (46.51 ±6.66 nm) was significantly greater than in the 2-bicortical-screw group (39.03 ±8.52 nm) (P ＜0.05).At torsion angles of 5°,10°and 25°,the mean torque values in the 3-unicortical-screw group (13.48±1.68 nm,23.29±3.72 nm and 48.19±5.34 nm,respectively) were significantly greater than in the 3-unicortical-screw group (9.56 ± 3.62 nm,16.99 ± 5.49 nm and 38.69 ± 6.56 nm,respectively) (P ＜ 0.05).At torsion angles of 20° and 25°,the mean torque values in the 3-unicortical-screw group (39.15 ± 5.07 nm and 48.19 ± 5.34 nm) were significantly greater than in the 2-bicortical-screwgroup (32.50 ± 5.65 nm and 39.03 ± 8.52 nm) (P ＜0.05).Conclnsions The anti-torsional strength of fixation by 3 screws on each side is significantly greater than by 2 screws on each side.When the number of screws is the same,there is no significant difference between fixation by unicortical locking screws and that by bicortical conventional screws.Augmentative plating with 3 unicortical screws or 3 bicortical conventional screws on each side is recommended for treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing.

Objective To discuss the value of transcatheter artery embolization for the treatment of GI massive hemorrhage. Methods Seventy-eight GI massive bleeding cases underwent emergency angiography. Intraarterial embolization was performed in 86 arteries of the 78 patients. All patients were followed up for 1 to 10 years. Results Bleeding stopped immediately in 100% of the patients. Bleeding recurred in 16 cases from 48 hours to 37 monthes. Conclusion Arterial embolization for digestive tract bleeding is safe and effective during emergency angiography to buy a time for definite treatment for some patients.

Aseptic loosening of the prosthesis is a major form for the failure of artificial joints, which results in the conglomeration of wear particles at the bone-implant interface. This paper briefly reviews the recent development of tribology of artificial joints preserving good lubrication, enhancing the wear resistance of materials for the joints, reducing the generation of sensitive-size particles and depressing the debris-tissue reactions. Suggestion for improvement in the design of artificial joints is presented.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Friction ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis ; trends ; Lubrication ; Prosthesis Failure

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of radioactive pancreatic duct stents implanted in the pancreatic ducts of pigs by endoscopy. Methods Different doses of 125I radioactive pancreatic duct stents were implanted in the pancreatic ducts of pigs by endoscopy. Blood tests were conducted before and after implantation. 14,30 and 60 days after implantation of the radioactive stents, the pigs were euthanized in batch. All animals underwent post modem examination to exclude intra-abdominal hemorrhage,pancreatic fistula or peritonitis. During autopsy,the liver,bile ducts,head of the pancreas,stomach and duodenum were examined for perforation,stricture or dilation and damage of the surrounding structures.Results Fourteen pigs were implanted with pancreatic duct stents by endoscopic procedures.There was no effusion,hemorrhage or necrosis in the adjacent duodenum,stomach,liver or right kidney.The noral morphological structures of the duct of Wirsung disappeared in all the treated pigs.Histopathological examination revealed that the stents were surrounded by necrotic tissue and outside fibrous tissue. During the follow-up period, the width of outside fibrous tissue gradually increased. There were no serious abnormalities noted in the blood tests after implantation. Conclusion It is indicated that the radioactive stents are safe in all the difierent dose groups. For future clinical application, it is feasible to design a special radioactive stent for each patient according to the size,shape and position of the pancreatic tumor.