Objective To extract the total protein of K326 tobacco leaves with high expression of Nicotiana alata defensin 1(NaD1) gene and analyze its bioactivity.Methods Total proteins were extracted from Nicotiana alata flowers,wild type(WT) and K326 tobacco leaves(transgenic) with high expression of NaD1 gene,and determined for the concentrations by Bardford method,while for the antibacterial activity against fungi by filter paper method,and for the inhibition activity on cancer cells(HeLa cells) by CCK-8.Results The total protein concentrations of Nicotiana alata flowers,WT and transgenic K326 tobacco leaves were 11.25,10.33 and 10.14 mg/mL,respectively.The antibacterial activity of total protein from transgenic K326 tobacco leaves against Candida albicans was(85.68±3.08)%,which was 1.33 and 1.14 times that of total protein from WT K326 tobacco leaves and Nicotiana alata flowers,respectively(F=15 339,P <0.05);The antibacterial activity against Fusarium oxysporum was(148.48±2.47)%,which was 1.09 and 1.08 times that of total protein from WT K326tobacco leaves and Nicotiana alata flowers,respectively(F=4.927,P <0.05).The IC_(50) value of transgenic K326 tobacco leaf protein on HeLa cells was the smallest(6.11 mg/mL),and the inhibitory activity was 1.56 and 1.21 times that of total protein of WT K326 tobacco leaves and Nicotiana alata flowers,respectively(F=89.748,P <0.05).Conclusion The total protein of K326 tobacco with high expression of NaD1 gene has good antibacterial and anticancer bioactivities,which provides an experimental basis for producing antibacterial and anticancer biological agents with tobacco as bioreactor.

The Janus kinase (JAK) /signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence of dermatomyositis. JAK inhibitors can block signal transduction dependent on JAK/STAT pathway-related factors, and inhibit immune cell activation and T cell-mediated inflammatory responses. So far, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has only approved rheumatic arthritis and myelofibrosis as the indications of JAK inhibitors, but there have been many reports on JAK inhibitors for the treatment of refractory dermatomyositis. This review summarizes the role of JAK/STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis, the mechanism of action and clinical application of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of dermatomyositis.

Objective To establish fingerprints of cultured Cordyceps Militaris, Cordyceps Sinensis and Fermental Cordyceps.Methods Water soluble components in Cordyceps Sinensis were extracted by ultrasonic method. The characteristic fingerprints were established by HPLC, with Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm) as column and acetonitrile (A)-0.04 mol/L KH2PO4 (B) as mobile phase;gradient elution (0-16 min, 0%A;16-38 min, 0→10%A;38-58 min, 10%→15%A;58-65 min, 15→0%A);the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;column temperature was 25℃;the detection wavelength was 260 nm;the injection volume was 20μL. The HPLC characteristic fingerprint of mycelium was developed, and the components of adenosine, uridine, guanosine, inosine, uracil, adenine and cordycepin were identified and compared.Results This method is with high degree of precision, good repeatability and stability. With adenosine as reference peak, similarity of 11 batches of Cordyceps Sinensis collected from different habitats, 10 batches of cultured Cordyceps Militarise and 12 batches of Fermental Cordyceps were 0.889-0.982, 0.781-0.980 and 0.502-0.970, respectively.Conclusion There were good similarities between the standard fingerprint and each fingerprint of the eleven samples of Cordyceps Sinensis. There were low similarities between the standard fingerprint and each fingerprint of the ten samples of cultured Cordyceps Militaris and the twelve samples of Fermental Cordyceps. This method can be reference base for the evaluation of quality of cultured Cordyceps Militaris and Cordyceps Sinensis.

Objective:To evaluate the implementation effects of critical illness insurance of New Cooperative Medical System(NCMS) on the occurrence rate and economic burden of major disease expenditure.Methods:Based on the peasant household data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2014.the two-part model was applied to analyze the changes in major disease occurrence and burden after the implement of insurance.Results:NCMS critical illness insurance did not reduce the occurrence of critical disease expenditure,but signally cut down the economic burden of serious illness peasants in central and eastern China.Conclusion:The implementation effect of NCMS critical illness insurance was well in central and eastern China,but was poor in western China;the prevention and health care system of NCMS should be built,while the implementation plans and compensation level of critical illness insurance should be improved in western region.

Objective To compare the cognitive difference of subjects'responses to the same visual stimuli under two different priming conditions,and to discuss the influence of inversion effect and configural changes upon facial recognition.Methods Priming pattern was employed,and subjects were induced to recognize the same stimuli as schematic faces or three English letters under different priming conditions.The participants'accuracy and reaction times were compared in two priming conditions. Results Participants'accuracy of the comparison stimuli in facial priming condition decreased significantly by inversion effect((79.03±10.53)%vs(89.43±9.98)%,P<0.01);reaction times of priming stimuli and comparison stimuli were delayed by inversion effect significantly((3720.40±607.71)ms vs(2998.33±544.02)ms,(3521.80±1038.20)ms vs(2750.87±867.13)ms,P<0.01),and there was no influence of inversion effect upon the reaction times of English letter stimuli(P>0.05).Correlations of accuracy to reaction times reached no significant difference under two conditions.Conclusion Priming effect make sense in the cognition,and there was a priming stage before the facial configuration.Inversion effect shows up in the face priming condition,and vanish in the English letter priming condition,which demonstrate the importance of configuration and inversion effect in the facial cognition.What's more,such effect can't be explained by the changes of cognitive difficulty.

Objective To investigate the effects of inosine on the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of cytochrome C mRNA after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats,and to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of inosine. Methods SD rats model of focal ischemic reperfusion was induced by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with a nylon monofilament suture. Inosine (100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally twice following MCAO. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidy1 transferase-mediated uridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end -labeling (TUNEL) staining. In situ hybridization was performed to examine the expression of cytochrome C mRNA. Results TUNEL-positive cells were observed 2 h after reperfusion and peaked at 1 d and 2 d after reperfusion in cortex and striatum respectively. Inosine reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells at and after reperfusion 12 h. Cytochrome C mRNA expressed in cortex and striatum of ischemic hemisphere as early as at 2 h after reperfusion and reached a peak at 12 h and 1 d in cortex and striatum respectively. Inosine could diminish the expression of cytochrome C mRNA at and after reperfusion 12 h. Conclusions Inosine might play a neuroprotective role by inhibiting the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of cytochrome C mRNA which were induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

The paper is to report the establishment of a population pharmacokinetic model for flurbiprofen (FP), an active metabolite of flurbiprofen axetil (FA). 246 FP serum concentration and clinical data were perspectively collected from 23 general anaesthesia patients receiving FA intravenously before operation in Dentofacial Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Population pharmacokinetic data analysis was performed using NONMEM software. The measure of Bootstrap was applied for internal validation, while Visual Predictive check was adopted for external validation. The data of FP correspond with two-compartment model. The body weight (WT) had conspicuous effect on clearance and volume of central compartment, while sex, age and daily dose of administration had no marked effect on pharmacokinetic parameter of FP. The basic model was described as follows: CL (L x h(-1)) = 1.28x EXP(ETA(1)), V1 (L) = 5.03x EXP(ETA(2)), Q (L x h(-1)) = 8.5 x EXP(ETA(3)), V2 (L) = 4.39 x EXP(ETA(4)). The final model was described as follows: CL (L x h(-1)) = 1.32 x (WT/60) x EXP(ETA(1)), V1 (L) = 5.23 x (WT/60) x EXP(ETA(2)), Q (L x h(-1)) = 8.45 x EXP(ETA(3)), V2 (L) = 4.37 x EXP(ETA(4)). The population typical value of CL, V1, Q and V2 were: 1.32 L x h(-1), 5.23 L, 8.45 L x h(-1) and 4.37 L, respectively. Bootstrap and visual predictive check show that the final model of FP is stable, effective and predictable. A novel population pharmacokinetic model is developed to estimate the individual pharmacokinetic parameter for patients intravenous injecting FA in terms of patients' characteristics and dosing history, and to design a prior dosage regimen.

Objective To develop an HPLC method for determination of content of ergosterol in cultured Cordyceps militaris and natural Cordyceps sinensis. Methods Diamonsil C18(2) column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used, with methanol-water (98∶2) as mobile phase, column temperature of 25 ℃ , flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detection wavelength of 280 nm. Results The linear range of ergosterol was 0.197 7-3.954 9 μg (r=1.000), and avarage recovery rate was 99.51%, RSD was 0.56% (n=9). Conclusion This method is effective, sensitive and accurate with high repeatability and stability, which is helpful for the determination of ergosterol in the cultured Cordyceps and natural Cordyceps.

Objective To study the gene expressions of nestin and stem cell factor(SCF)in neurons after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain. Methods Thirty-six adult female rats were subject to left middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1.5h and different hours of reperfusion. In site hybridization was used to examine the expression of nestin and SCF mRNA in the rats subjected to 2h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 2d, 3d, 7d, 14d of reperfusion and sham-operation group (n=4). Results (1) Nestin expression in cortex, striatum and extraventricular zone was weak in the sham-operation group, and increased markedly in the ischemic hemisphere compared with sham-operation group except of reperfusion 2h in cortex, 2h, 6h in striatum, 2h, 6h and 14d in extraventricular zone. (2)SCF expression in cortex, striatum and extraventricular zone was weak in the sham-operation group, and increased markedly in the ischemic hemisphere compared with sham-operation group except of reperfusion 2h, 6h, 12h in cortex, 2h, 6h in striatum, 2h and 14d in extraventricular zone. Conclusion It is suggested that SCF expression might enhance the proliferation of neural stem cells following ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Objective: Oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis.The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of the ox-LDL level with the severity and risk factors of coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods: A total of 164 patients undergoing coronary angiography(CAG) were assigned to a control group(n=29) and a CHD group(n=135) according to the results of CAG.The samples of fasting plasma were collected,and the levels of ox-LDL were detected by ELISA.Based on different criteria of classification,the CHD patients were again divided into the following subgroups: acute myocardial infarction(AMI),unstable angina(UA),stable angina(SA),single-vessel disease(SVD),double-vessel disease(DVD),multi-vessel disease(MVD),localized lesion,diffuse lesion,slight stenosis group,moderate stenosis,and severe stenosis.Results: The level of ox-LDL was higher in the AMI(85.60 ? 29.21 ?g/ml) than in the UA(72.54 ? 27.75 ?g/ml) and SA groups(72.93 ? 26.50 ?g/ml),with statistically significant differences(P = 0.05 and P = 0.06).It was significantly higher in the MVD(83.78 ? 29.66 ?g/ml) than in the SVD group(68.57 ? 26.50 ?g/ml,P