The article reviewed of the origin of the social practice teaching in master of public health(MPH) program and gave the introduction of the social practice in American MPH education. Through the definition, positioning and feedback of specialized social practice in full-time MPH program, we can get some experiences and enlightenments of specialized social practice in full-time MPH educa-tion, which will provide references for social practice teaching in full-time professional degree education.

Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by Citrin deficiency(NICCD) is one of phenotypes of Citrin deficiency.It's an autosomal recessive disorder which was mainly seen in East Asia,including China.Case of NICCD was reported firstly by Japanese in 2001.In south area of China,the morbidity of NICCD is higher than that in north area of China.Most of the patients with NICCD has benign prognosis.Symptoms resolve within the first year of life,thus making a diagnosis difficult after this time.But few of patients will develop liver failure,even be fatal to life.Early diagnosis,regular follow-up and proper management may improve the prognosis.

The evaluation on clinical efficacy of traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) is an important scientific subject during the development of TTM. Firstly, the authors introduced the current situations and problems in evaluation on clinical efficacy of traditional Tibetan medicine both at home and abroad in this study. Secondly, they compared the similarities and differences between TTM and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in evaluation on clinical efficacy, define their differences in details but not in nature, and proposed that TTM could selectively learn TCM's experiences in clinical research and build a specific methodology system for evaluation on clinical efficacy according to its own characteristics. Thirdly, they discussed the methodological challenges in evaluation on clinical efficacy of TTM, including the pending clinical research guidelines and disease diagnosis standards according to its own characteristics. Finally, they propound some suggestions for promoting the evaluation on clinical efficacy of TTM, including the comprehensive application of multiple research methods, overall research-based evaluation on efficacy of TTM complex intervention and selection of accepted and objective outcome indexes for efficacy evaluation.
Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Evaluation ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Treatment Outcome

Side population (SP) cells are highly enriched for stem cell activity and characterized by their ability to efflux the vital dye Hoechst 33342, because they express the ATP binding cassette (ABC)-dependent transporter ABCG2. SP cells can be selected from main population using flow cytometric analysis. Currently SP cells have been isolated from many tissues and organs. SP cells of different origins have some common characteristics. This article introduces the classifications, surface marker, and characteristics of SP cells.

strains that could produce raw starch-digesting glucoamylase were isolated from soil and mildewed rice.The highest raw starch-digesting glucoamylase activity strain named OR-1 was identified as Rhizopus.sp.The raw starch-digesting glucoamylase activity of the strain is 90U/mL.Through UV and NTG mutagenesis,the raw starch-digesting glucoamylase activity raised to 200U/mL and 325U/mL respectively.The RDA were 70% and 65% respectively.

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in the efficacy on speech and swallowing dysfunction of medulla oblongata palsy (MOP) after brainstem infarction between electroacupuncture at eight-neck-occiput points and routine acupoints.

METHODSSeventy-two patients were randomized into a neck-occiput points group and a meridian points group, 36 cases in each one. In the neck-occiput points group, the eight-neck-occiput points (Neck 1-4 points, Occiput 1-4 points) were selected. In the meridian points group, Lianquan (CV 23), Futu (LI 18), Tongli (HT 5), Hegu (LI 4) and the others were selected. Electroacupuncture was used in the two groups, dense-dispersion wave, retaining for 30 min. The treatment was given once a day, 5 treatments a week. Totally, 4 weeks were required. The symptom scores of speech and swallowing dysfunction were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe scores of speech and swallowing dysfunction were improved significantly after treatment in the two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The results in the neck-occiput points group were better than those in the meridian points group (both P < 0.01). The curative rate of speech dysfunction was 30.6% (11/36) and that of swallowing dysfunction was 22.2% (8/ 36) in the neck-occiput points group, which were better than 11.1% (4/36) and 5.6% (2/36) in the meridian points group, respectively. The differences were significant in comparison of the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture at eight-neck-occiput points achieves a better efficacy on speech and swallowing dysfunction of MOP after brainstem infarction as compared with the routine acupoints. This therapy is characterized as more accurate point localization and safer operation.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Stem Infarctions ; complications ; Bulbar Palsy, Progressive ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Deglutition ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged

Abscess ; pathology ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenoma, Sweat Gland ; metabolism ; pathology ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Breast Diseases ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Fistula ; pathology ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Nipples ; pathology ; Paget's Disease, Mammary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effect of nobiletin,a citrus polymethoxy flavonoid,on hepatocarcinoma Heps in mice and to explore its immunological mechanism.Methods Mice tumor models were made by transplantation of Heps hepatocarcinoma cell strain.The tumor mass was weighed to calculate the tumor-inhibitory rates.The whole cellular immunity was observed by delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH).MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of T and B lymphocyte,and the activities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL) and natural killing cells(NKC) were measured by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) releasing method.Results Nobiletin could markedly inhibit the growth of hepatocarcinoma Heps(solid tumor).The decreased DTH in hepatocaricinoma mice was enhanced significantly,and T and B lymphocyte proliferation were increased by nobiletin.Meanwhile,the killing activities of CTL and NKC were promoted obviously.Conclusion Improvement of the immune function may be a vital route of nobiletin in inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma Heps in mice.

Objective To develop a stable and sensitive microemulsion liquid chromatography method by using oil-in-water microemulsion mobile phase;To simultaneously determine five major active lignans, namely, schizandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, and schisandrin B, in Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Methods The quantitative determination was conducted by using Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm). The influence of the composition of the microemulsion system on separation effect and retention time was studied. The method was optimized to sodium dodecyl sulfonate 3.3%(SDS, W/V), n-octanol 1.2% (V/V) and n-butanol 6.6% (V/V) in 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH 7.0 with orthophosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide). The flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min. The compound peaks were detected by UV at 254 nm. The column temperature was 25 ℃. Results Under the optimized conditions, baseline separation of 5 lignans was achieved in 20 min, and the separation was satisfying. Schizandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, and schisandrin B were in linear relation within the ranges of 2.0-155.0, 8.3-166.7, 8.8-175.8, 8.3-166.7, 8.9-177.1μg/mL (r>0.999). The limit of detection ranged from 0.06μg/mL to 0.18μg/mL, and the limit of quantitation ranged from 0.17μg/mL to 0.55μg/mL. The average recovery values were between 97.22%and 100.8%. Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and reliable, and can be successfully applied to simultaneous determination of five major active lignans in 13 batches of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus from different producing areas in China.

Objective: To screen differentiated expressed proteins in plasma of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma patients by using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) associated with bioinformatic support vector machines (SVM) and discuss how to establish algorithmic logical model for diagnosis of ovarian serous cys-tadenocarcinoma and its significance. Methods: SELDI-TOF-MS and CM10 chip were used to analyze the plasma samples from 26 ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma women and 51 control women including 12 cases of ovarian cyst, 31 cases of uterous leiomyoma, 8 cases of ovarian benign cystadenoma. The data was analyzed by Biomarker Wizard software. The plasma proteomic diagnostic model for ovarian serous cys-tadenocarcinoma patients and control subjects were established by using SVM (a bioinformatic method). Results: Seventy-one differentiated protein peaks were screened by Biomarker Wizard software which were captured by SELDI-TOF-MS from CM10 chip (P <0.01). The proteomic profiling for ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma was optimized by SVM re-screening. The key m/z value of these 7 proteins was 4 099, 4 477, 4 123, 4 081 and 3 938 (up-regulated), 8 785 and 13 783 (down-regulated). Three-fold cross validation followed by blinded determination demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of the established model were 84.62% and 96.08% separately, and the positive predictive value was 92.21% for differential diagnosis of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma patients. Conclusion: ProteinChip-mass spectrometry technology can rapidly and effectively screen differentiated proteins from the plasma of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma patients. Combined with SVM, a diagnostic model was generated from proteomic patterns of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, which had potential significance for establishing diagnostic methods for ovarian cancer.