Objective: To analyze the changing trend of premature death of four major chronic diseases and evaluate the impact on life expectancy in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2005 to 2021, so as to provide insights into promoting the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods: Death data of permanent residents in Baoshan District from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases, and life expectancy among residents were calculated using life table method. The trends of the probabilities of premature death of four major chronic diseases were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). The impact on life expectancy was assessed using Arriaga decomposition method. Results: From 2005 to 2021, the probability of premature death due to four major chronic diseases in Baoshan District showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-1.010%, P<0.05). The decline was more pronounced among females compared to males (AAPC=-2.551% vs. -0.214%, both P<0.05). The life expectancy increased from 80.31 years in 2005 to 84.12 years in 2021, with an increase of 3.40 years in males and 4.32 years in females. The decrease in the probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=-1.518%, -1.284% and -4.666%, all P<0.05) increased the life expectancy of the population by 0.46, 0.11 and 0.02 years, contributing 12.18%, 2.90% and 0.63%, respectively. The changes in the probability of premature death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in males decreased the life expectancy by 0.12 years, with the negative contribution coming from the 30-39 and 45-59 year-old groups. The increase in the probability of premature death due to diabetes (AAPC=3.731%, P<0.05) decreased life expectancy of the population by 0.11 years, with a contribution of -2.90%. The change in the probability of premature death due to diabetes in females increased the life expectancy by 0.04 years, with a positive contribution coming from the 65-69 year-old group; while the change in the probability of premature death due to diabetes in males reduced the life expectancy by 0.20 years, with the negative contributions coming from all age groups. Conclusions The probability of premature death due to major chronic diseases in Baoshan District declined from 2005 to 2021 and the life expectancy increased. Attention should be paid to the impacts of premature death due to diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases on life expectancy in males.

Objective: To analyze the changing trend of premature death of four major chronic diseases and evaluate the impact on life expectancy in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2005 to 2021, so as to provide insights into promoting the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods: Death data of permanent residents in Baoshan District from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases, and life expectancy among residents were calculated using life table method. The trends of the probabilities of premature death of four major chronic diseases were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). The impact on life expectancy was assessed using Arriaga decomposition method. Results: From 2005 to 2021, the probability of premature death due to four major chronic diseases in Baoshan District showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-1.010%, P<0.05). The decline was more pronounced among females compared to males (AAPC=-2.551% vs. -0.214%, both P<0.05). The life expectancy increased from 80.31 years in 2005 to 84.12 years in 2021, with an increase of 3.40 years in males and 4.32 years in females. The decrease in the probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=-1.518%, -1.284% and -4.666%, all P<0.05) increased the life expectancy of the population by 0.46, 0.11 and 0.02 years, contributing 12.18%, 2.90% and 0.63%, respectively. The changes in the probability of premature death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in males decreased the life expectancy by 0.12 years, with the negative contribution coming from the 30-39 and 45-59 year-old groups. The increase in the probability of premature death due to diabetes (AAPC=3.731%, P<0.05) decreased life expectancy of the population by 0.11 years, with a contribution of -2.90%. The change in the probability of premature death due to diabetes in females increased the life expectancy by 0.04 years, with a positive contribution coming from the 65-69 year-old group; while the change in the probability of premature death due to diabetes in males reduced the life expectancy by 0.20 years, with the negative contributions coming from all age groups. Conclusions The probability of premature death due to major chronic diseases in Baoshan District declined from 2005 to 2021 and the life expectancy increased. Attention should be paid to the impacts of premature death due to diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases on life expectancy in males.

Objective? To?investigate?the?antimicrobial?resistance?and?beta-lactamase?production?profile?in?the?gram-negative?bacilli?isolated from urinary tract infections in the Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province during the period from 2014 to 2015. The results will provided to clinicians for better antimicrobial treatment. Methods? The?bacterial?isolates?were?identified?via?conventional?laboratory?tests?or?automatic?identification?systems?and?subjected?to?antimicrobial?susceptibility?testing?by?using?Kirby-Bauer?method.?Three-dimensional test was used to detect the enzymes conferring antimicrobial resistance. The susceptibility testing results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints issued in 2012. Results A total of 987 gram-negative strains were isolated from urinary tract infections, including E. coli (51.6%, 509/987), Enterobacter (11.0%, 109/987), P. aeruginosa (10.5%, 104/987), K. pneumoniae (9.9%, 98/987), P. mirabilis (9.3%, 92/987), C. freundii (4.7%, 46/987), and other gram-negative bacilli (2.9%, 29/987). ESBLs were produced?in?494?(50.1?%)?of?the?987?strains?of?gram?negative?bacilli.?Preliminary?screening?test?identified?243?AmpC?beta-lactamases?producing?strains,?and?135?(13.7?%)?strains?were?confirmed?by?three-dimensional?test.?Both?ESBLs?and?Amps?beta-lactamases?were?produced in 16 (1.6%) strains. The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains was 79.6% in E. coli, 34.6% in P. aeruginosa and 37.8% in K. pneumoniae?isolates.?Metallo-β-lactamase?or?KPC?beta-lactamase?was?not?identified.?The?antimicrobial?resistance?was?serious?in?gram-negative bacilli, which showed relatively low resistance rate to imipenem (0.02%), amikacin (10.6%), cefoperazone-sulbactam (23.8 %), and nitrofurantoin (25.2 %). E. coli prevalence of levofloxacin,?ciprofloxacin?resistance?respectively?were?89.8%,?91.8%. The gram-negative bacilli from urinary tract also showed various levels of resistance to cephalosporins. Conclusions The gram-negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections are mainly E. coli. The gram-negative isolates show high level antimicrobial resistance and high prevalence of beta-lactamases. Imipenem, amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, and nitrofurantoin still have very high antibacterial activity against these isolates in vitro.

AIM:To study the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-181a in different human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, and to investigate the effect of miRNA-181a on cell function and its mechanism in human lung adenocarcinoma drug resistant cell A549/DDP.METHODS:Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-181a in BEAS-2B cells, A549 cells and A549/DDP cells.The A549/DDP cells were transfected with pGenesil-miRNA-181a eukaryotic ex-pression plasmid.At the same time, the untransfection group and negative transfection group were also set up .The expres-sion of miRNA-181a, cell viability, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis rate during cis-diamminedichloroplatinum ( DDP) treatment, cell cycle, cell invasion, the protein expression of miRNA-181a target genes bcl-2 and p53 in the A549/DDP cells were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR , MTT assay, flow cytometry, Transwell method and West-ern blot, respectivly.RESULTS:The expression of miRNA-181a in A549 cells and A549/DDP cells was significantly lower than that in BEAS-2B cells, and the lowest expression level was observed in A 549/DDP cells (P<0.05).The expression of miRNA-181a in A549/DDP cells was significantly increased after transfection with pGenesil-miRNA-181a (P<0.05).The cell viability, cell cycle and invasion ability of the A549/DDP cells were inhibited after miRNA-181a transfection (P <0.05).The cell growth inhibition rate and apoptotic rate of the A 549/DDP cells were increased (P<0.05).The expression of Bcl-2 was reduced, but the expression of P53 was increased after transfection with miRNA-181a in A549/DDP cells (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: miRNA-181a may be correlated with the development of human lung adenocarcinoma .miRNA-181a can serve as a new target for treatment of lung cancer .

Objective:To construct Streptococcus suis type 2 Δ0948 complementary strain and verify its effect on suilysin (SLY) secretion and virulence. Methods:The SSU05_0948 gene sequence with promoter was amplified by PCR and ligated to pAT18 vector to construct complementary strain and verify its expression through Western blot. Growth curve was drawn to compare the growth of complementary strain against the wild-type strain and mutant strain in different periods. CD1 mice challenge model was used to verify whether complementary strain could restore the virulence of mutant. SLY hemolytic activity and Western blot were compared the effect of complementary strain and wild-type strain and mutant strain on SLY protein secretion at different time points.Results:The complementary strain was successfully constructed, but the expression of SSU05_0948 was lower than the wild-type strain. The growth rate of the complementary strain was significantly slower than the wild-type strain and mutant strain in the logarithmic growth phase, but the same in the platform phase. The CD1 mice challenge model showed the complementary strain could basically restore the virulence of the mutant strain. The hemolytic activity of SLY and Western blot showed that SSU05_0948 could inhibit the secretion of SLY protein in the early and middle logarithmic phase, but did not affect the secretion of SLY in the late logarithmic and platform phase, while the complementary strain could restore the secretion of SLY protein.Conclusions:The complementary strain CΔ0948 of Streptococcus suis can restore the virulence of mutant strain Δ0948, and SSU05_0948 affects the virulence of Δ0948, which provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of Streptococcus suis.

Objective: To explore the impact of antibiotic exposure on human fertility, so as to provide the reference for related research on risk factors and prevention of infertility. Methods: Publications pertaining to antibiotic exposure and human fertility were retrived in CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception to March 2024. Two reviewers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. A qualitative analysis was performed to investigate the effect of antibiotic exposure on human fertility. Results: A total of 11 623 articles were retrieved, and 31 of them were finally included. Among them, 19 were quasi-experimental studies (4 high-quality and 15 medium-quality), 6 were observational studies (5 high-quality and 1 medium-quality), and 6 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with high risks of implementation bias and measurement bias. Sixteen quasi-experimental studies and five RCTs found that the use of sensitive antibiotics such as doxycycline for the treatment of reproductive system infections improved female pregnancy rates or male semen quality. Two quasi-experimental studies and one RCT suggested that antibiotics (such as sirolimus or sulfasalazine) used to treat other systemic diseases might cause adverse effects on the reproductive system. Four observational studies indicated that exposure to antibiotics such as sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines increased the risk of infertility or prostate cancer. Two observational studies found a dual effect of antibiotics on infertility. Conclusions Antibiotic exposure appears to have either beneficial or harmful effects on fertility, depending on the antibiotic types, doses, and indication. However, these studies have limitations such as small sample size, selection bias, and the inability to achieve randomization and blind methods. Further research with optimized designs is necessary to explore the relationship between antibiotic exposure and fertility.

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)combined with Western medication on lower-limb motor function and blood circulation in patients with cerebral infarction-induced hemiplegia in the acute stage. Methods:One hundred eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke accompanied by lower-limb motor dysfunction were allocated to an observation group and a control group using the random number table method,with 50 cases in each group.The control group received routine Western medications for treatment,and the observation group received additional EA intervention.After 2-week and 4-week treatments,the improvement of lower-limb motor function was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale for lower extremity(FMA-LE),and changes in the peak blood flow velocities of the posterior tibial(PT)and dorsalis pedis(DP)arteries on the affected side were detected using Doppler. Results:Three cases dropped out during the study,so there were 48 cases in the observation group and 49 in the control group collected for statistical analysis.The FMA-LE score and the peak blood flow velocities of PT and DP arteries increased after 2-week and 4-week treatments in both groups compared with the pre-treatment baseline(P<0.05).After 2-week treatments,the FMA-LE score and the peak blood flow velocities of PT and DP arteries showed no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).After 4-week treatments,compared with the control group,the FMA-LE score was higher(P<0.05),and the peak blood flow velocities of PT and DP arteries on the affected side were larger in the observation group(P<0.05). Conclusion:EA combined with Western medication can significantly improve the motor function and blood flow velocity of the affected lower limb in patients with acute cerebral infarction accompanied by hemiplegia.

Objective: To construct the mutant strain ATP binding cassette transporter SSU05_0948 of Streptococcus suis type 2 and comprehensively study its pathogenicity, and to provide useful insights for understanding the mechanism that Streptococcus suis avoid host innate immunity. Methods: The mutant strain 05ZYH33Δ0948 was constructed through homologous recombination technology. The differences between the mutant strain and the wild type strain were evaluated through bacterial adhesion, whole blood killing, mice meningitis assay, mice and piglets virulence assay. Chi-square test and t test were used. Results: Successfully constructed the mutant strain 05ZYH33Δ0948. The adhesion results showed that the adhesion rate (0.663±0.047)% of the wild strain to A549 cell was significantly higher than that of the mutant (0.246±0.074)%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=5.267, P=0.014); the adhesion rate (16.540±2.320)% of the wild strain to Hep2 cell was significantly higher than that of the mutant (1.970±0.320)%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=0.014, P<0.01); the adhesion rate (5.497±0.174)% of the wild strain to Hep2 cell was significantly higher than that of the mutant (1.950±0.335)%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=0.016, P<0.01). The killing rate (32.970±3.589)% of the wild strain in whole blood is no difference with the mutant (29.560±3.737)% (χ²=1.200, P=0.133). Piglets competitive infection showed that, the competitive index at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h were 0.046±0.003, 0.107±0.003, 0.064±0.001, respectively. 12 h and 24 h was significant differences(t=15.490, P=0.041), 24 h and 36 h was significant differences(t=5.660, P=0.047), 12 h and 36 h was no differences(t=1.445, P=0.285). Conclusions Streptococcus suis type 2 ABC transporter SSU05_0948 is a new adhesion factor and virulence factor of Streptococcus suistype 2, and also a new meningitis factor, which plays important roles in Streptococcus suis against host innate immunity.

Objective:To report a large family of epileptic seizures caused by DEPDC5 gene variation, and to conduct a clinical genetic analysis on a proband in this family with both DEPDC5 gene mutation and a de novo GABRA1 gene mutation. Methods:The medical records of a family suffering from epilepsy due to a newly identified DEPDC5 gene variant were compiled from cases admitted to Hebei General Hospital in January 2024. The relevant genetic detection was carried out by sampling the peripheral blood of the family members. The whole exome sequencing techniques were employed for the identification of pathogenic mutation sites in the proband. The next generation sequencing technology was utilized for other family members to identify disease-causing mutation sites associated with the clinical phenotype of patients, and these findings were confirmed using first-generation Sanger sequencing technology. Results:The proband, who experienced seizures in early childhood and harbored two gene mutation sites, exhibited an early onset age along with significant delays in both intellectual and motor development. The primary clinical manifestations included focal seizures, myoclonus, and tonic-clonic symptoms. When compared with other family members who had the onset of epilepsy during adolescence, carried only one mutation site, and had generalized epileptic seizures and mostly accompanied by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the proband showed obvious clinical heterogeneity. The results of whole exome sequencing indicated that the proband had both GABRA1 c.640C>T(p.Arg214Cys) and DEPDC5 c.4348A>T(p.Lys1450 *) mutations inherited from the father. The mutation inherited from the father was reported here for the first time and had not been reported before, with the paternal mutation traceable to the proband's grandfather, while the proband's mother and grandmother were found to be devoid of the mutation. In this family, 5 patients with similar seizure phenotype all had pathogenic mutations at the same locus of the DEPDC5 gene(c.4348A>T, p.Lys1450 *), and the remaining 3 patients with seizure symptoms were not tested. Conclusions:The DEPDC5 gene mutation is the cause of the disease in this family, and the c.4348A>T is the newly discovered mutation site. The proband carries the mutation sites of both GABRA1 gene and DEPDC5 gene. The clinical manifestations of proband are significantly heterogeneous compared with those of his family members.

Objective To determine whether coagulase-negative non-epidermal staphylococcus is methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus by mecA gene test,when the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of oxacillin is between 0.5-2.0 mg/L.Methods The mecA gene was detected and analyzed by the cefoxitin disk diffusion,E-test,VITEK-2 Compact and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)purification.Results A total of 300 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci were screened from 4032 patients(7.4％),of which 45 strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and 80 strains of Staphylococcus hemolyticus were identified by Compact VITEK-2.There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of mecA gene detection between Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus hemolyticus(P ＜0.05).The results of detection of cefoxitin disk diffusion(inhibitory zone diameter ≥ 25 mm),E-test(MIC of oxacillin between 0.5-2.0 mg/L)and Compact VITEK-2 (MIC of oxacillin between 0.5-2.0 mg/L)showed that there were 81 strains of coagulase-negative non-Staphylococci,of which 10 strains with positive mecA gene were confirmed by PCR.Conclusions When the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)of oxacillin against coagulase-negative non-Staphylococci stains is between 0.5-2.0 mg/L,the guidelines of the American clinical laboratory standardization institute(CLSI)should be strictly implemented in clinical microbiology laboratory and the mecA gene must be tested.Based on the wide dissemination of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus population,if the mecA gene test is negative,it is reported as methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(MSCNS),and the reverse result is reported as methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus(MRCNS).