Humans ; Research ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Men's Health ; Penile Diseases ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Urologic Diseases

With relatively low rejection rate and better visual prognosis, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) has become the mainstream surgery for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in some developed countries, but it has not been applied widely in China due to technical difficulties, the long learning curve, shallow anterior chamber of Chinese people, and the fact that domestic corneal endothelial lesions are often accompanied with other complex eye diseases.In this review, the indications, donor graft preparation including donor selection, graft preparation techniques and visualization of graft, key surgical techniques including the implantation, unwrapping and positioning of graft, postoperative complications including graft detachment, high intraocular pressure, rejection, endothelial cell loss, graft survival rate, and visual prognosis of DMEK were reviewed.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio metabolic (CM) risk factors in adults in China. Methods: The project data of 2015 Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents were used, and 5 456 adults aged 18-59 years with complete socio-demographic, anthropometric, and blood biochemical data were selected as the study subjects. The definition released by the International Diabetes Federation in 2005 were used to define each CM risk factors, including central obesity, elevated TG, reduced HDL-C, elevated blood pressure and elevated FPG. The co-prevalence of the risk factors was defined as adults having ≥2 risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between CM risk and socio-demographic factors. Results: About 80.8% of adults had at least 1 risk factor, and 54.0% had co-prevalence of risk factors. Gender, age, education level and living area were significantly associated with the prevalence of major metabolic risk factors. After adjusting for other factors, compared with men, women were more likely to have central obesity and reduced HDL-C, but not more likely to have elevated blood pressure, elevated FPG and elevated TG (P<0.01). Compared with adults aged 18-44 years, adults aged 45-59 years were more likely to have central obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated FPG and elevated TG (P<0.01). The odds of having central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose in the adults in eastern China were significantly higher than those in the central and western China. Conclusions: In 2015, less than 20% of the adults aged 18-59 years in China had no cardio metabolic risk factors, and more than half of them had two or more risk factors. Gender, age and living areas were the major influencing factors. It is necessary to take effective intervention measures targeting adults at high-risk for the early prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/ethnology* ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/ethnology* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/epidemiology* ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China. Methods: Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS), a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status. Results: The overall drinking rate was 30.5% in Chinese adults, 53.8% in men, and 12.2% in women. The excessive drinking rate was 14.0% in men and 1.1% in women. The daily drinking rate was 25.7% in men and 10.9% in women. Men mainly consumed multi-type wines, but women preferred beer. The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1%. The excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate, and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age. All the four rates were positively related with physical activity. Conclusions: The drinking rate, excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China. Drinking status was associated with age, sex, marital status, education level, smoking status and physical activity.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology* ; Alcoholism/epidemiology* ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Smoking/epidemiology*

A case of histiocytosis X with the involvement of pituitary stalk in a 5 year old boy was described. He presented with diabetes insipidus and the endocrinological study showed growth hormone deficiency. On computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the pituitary stalk was abnormally thick. Overlooking of the skull lesion on plain X-ray film led to an erroneous diagnosis of germ cell tumor'. Gross total removal of the lesion and chemotherapy were performed. In the differential diagnosis of suprasellar masses, this disease entity should be included. The importance of histological diagnosis of the infundibular lesion in cases of central diabetes insipidus is also emphasized.
Child, Preschool ; Diabetes Insipidus ; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Germ Cells ; Growth Hormone ; Histiocytosis* ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pituitary Gland* ; Skull ; X-Ray Film

Fifteen pediatric (age under 16) cases of oligodendroglioma (ODG) were surgically proven from January 1985 to April 1992 at the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital. To observe the proportion of ODG's in primary intracranial tumors, the location of ODG's and the prognostic significance of the histological grading of ODG's in childhood, the 15 cases of pediatric ODG's were retrospectively analyzed. ODG's accounted for 5.6% of pediatric primary intracranial tumors operated on during the same period. Nine tumors were located in the cerebral hemisphere (3 cases each in the frontal, temporal and parietooccipital lobes), 1 in the thalamus, 2 in the pons-medulla, 2 in the cerebellum and 1 in the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Four tumors were anaplastic and an additional case showed positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology for tumor cells. All the cases of anaplasia or positive CSF cytology had a poor outcome. All the seven cases of benign ODG's in cerebral hemispheres presented with seizures which were controlled with or without medication after tumor removal.
Adolescent ; Brain Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Oligodendroglioma/complications/*pathology/therapy ; Prognosis ; Seizures/etiology

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Melanoma*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the roles of sympathetic and vagus nerves in hypotension and bradycardia induced by fentanyl.

METHODSFourteen rabbits were divided into 2 groups: normal and vagotomized rabbits. Rabbits were anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificial ventilated. Right renal sympathetic nerve was exposed and prepared for recording electrical activity. Fentanyl was injected intravenously in incremental doses of 1, 4, 15, 30, and 50 microg/kg at 10 minutes intervals.

RESULTSFentanyl significantly reduced the spontaneous activity of renal sympathetic nerve, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate above a total dose of 20 microg/kg in both normal and vagotomized rabbits. However, normal rabbits spontaneous sympathetic nerve activity and mean arterial pressure were more depressed than vagotomized rabbits at total doses of 50 and 100 microg/kg. There were no significant difference in the reduction of heart rate between normal and vagotomized rabbits.

CONCLUSIONFentanyl induction of bradycardia and hypotension in rabbits is mainly due to depression of sympathetic nerve activity.

Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Fentanyl ; pharmacology ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Kidney ; innervation ; Rabbits ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; drug effects ; physiology ; Vagotomy

Hypertrophy cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased heart mass that occurs without a defined stimulus (such as hypertension or valvular disease). It is commonly recognized through the widespread use of non-invasive imaging. Epidemiological studies indicate that 1 of 500 individuals has unexplained cardiac hypertrophy, an observation that predicts a considerable role for genetics in this enigmatic disorder. Indeed, to date, more than 500 mutations had been identified in more than 12 genes encoding components of the thick and thin filament of the sarcomere and other myofilament-related proteins. Intensive studies of HCM continue to take our understandings about this fascinating disease in new directions. Mechanistic analyses have provided insights into how mutational alterations in these structural proteins may trigger the hypertrophic remodeling processes and other associated clinical features of HCM. Based on these studies, investigations have been initiated to assess whether early pharmacological interventions could prevent or attenuate the development of the disease and its clinical sequelae. By combining pathophysiology with knowledge of genetic cause and molecular responses, HCM has begun to exemplify opportunities for predictive and personalized medicine. With the emergence of newer technologies that enable high-throughput sequencing of DNA, it is timely to review clinical manifestations and genetic causes of this unique disease, and how intertwining these insights can improve contemporary diagnosis and management of HCM and other genetic forms of cardiac hypertrophy.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans