Objective: To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China. Methods: Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS), a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status. Results: The overall drinking rate was 30.5% in Chinese adults, 53.8% in men, and 12.2% in women. The excessive drinking rate was 14.0% in men and 1.1% in women. The daily drinking rate was 25.7% in men and 10.9% in women. Men mainly consumed multi-type wines, but women preferred beer. The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1%. The excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate, and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age. All the four rates were positively related with physical activity. Conclusions: The drinking rate, excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China. Drinking status was associated with age, sex, marital status, education level, smoking status and physical activity.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology* ; Alcoholism/epidemiology* ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Smoking/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of wild-type PTEN on gene expressions of glioblastomas.

METHODSGlioblastoma U87MG cells, which express inactivated PTEN, were transfected with wild-type PTEN constructs and stable transfected clones were selected. Then, cDNA microarray analyses were used to identify differentially expressed genes in wild-type PTEN transfected cells and control cells.

RESULTSTransfected wild-type PTEN inhibited the proliferation of U87MG. By cDNA microarray analyses, 89 cDNA clones were identified, which were differentially expressed in wild-type PTEN transfected cells and control cells. Among these genes, 13 genes were unknown and 76 genes were known genes, including glial fibrillary acidic protein, p21/WAF1, human TGF-beta inducible early protein, human DNA fragmentation factor 45 etc.

CONCLUSIONWild-type PTEN can affect the expressions of multiple genes, by which it regulates the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of glioblastomas.

Brain Neoplasms ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glioblastoma ; genetics ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; physiology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; physiology

Objective: Through analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A and E and the situation of vaccination, to promote the recommendation profile on Hepatitis E vaccination program, in China. Methods: Three phases of time span were divided as 2004-2007, 2008-2011 and 2012-2015, with age groups divided as <20, 20-29, 30-39 and ≥40. Incidence rates in both different phases and age groups were compared. Numbers of Hepatitis A and E vaccines released and used, were described. Results: Between 2004 and 2015, a declining trend in the reported incidence of hepatitis A (t=-12.15, P<0.001), but an increasing trend in hepatitis E (t=6.63, P<0.001) were noticed. The mean number of hepatitis A cases declined from 6 515 to 1 986 between 2004 and 2007 while the number of hepatitis E cases increased from 1 491 to 2 277 between 2012 and 2015. The peaks of hepatitis E appeared persistent annually, in March. The incidence of hepatitis A declined in three regions, with the western region (3.46/100 000) much higher than the eastern (1.13/100 000) or central regions (1.14/100 000) (χ(2)=32 630, P<0.01). The incidence of hepatitis E increased both in the central (1.74/100 000) and western regions (1.58/100 000), but more in the eastern region (2.66/100 000) (χ(2)=6 009, P<0.01). Incidence of hepatitis A declined in all age groups and declined by 84.36% among the 0-19 group. However, the incidence of hepatitis E showed an increasing trend among the ≥20 group. Incidence rates appeared higher in the older age groups. The coverage of hepatitis A vaccine increased from 62.05% to 93.54%, but with a negative association seen between the coverage of Hepatitis A vaccine and the incidence (F=10.69, χ(2)<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of Hepatitis A declined sharply in China while hepatitis E was still increasing from 2004 to 2015, calling for the expansion on the coverage of Hepatitis E vaccine in the whole population.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Health Care Surveys ; Hepatitis A/epidemiology* ; Hepatitis A Vaccines/administration & dosage* ; Hepatitis E/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Immunization/statistics & numerical data* ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data* ; Young Adult

Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists ; Consensus ; Cardiovascular System ; Cardiology ; Asia

Purpose: There has been limited work assessing the use of re-irradiation (re-RT) for local failure following stereotactic spinal radiosurgery (SSRS). We reviewed our institutional experience of conventionally-fractionated external beam radiation (cEBRT) for salvage therapy following SSRS local failure. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 54 patients that underwent salvage conventional re-RT at previously SSRS-treated sites. Local control following re-RT was defined as the absence of progression at the treated site as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Competing risk analysis for local failure was performed using a Fine-Gray model. The median follow-up time was 25 months and median overall survival (OS) was 16 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8–24.9 months) following cEBRT re-RT. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards analysis revealed Karnofsky performance score prior to re-RT (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.98; p = 0.003) and time to local failure (HR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94–1.00; p = 0.04) were associated with longer OS, while male sex (HR = 3.92; 95% CI, 1.64–9.33; p = 0.002) was associated with shorter OS. Local control at 12 months was 81% (95% CI, 69.3–94.0). Competing risk multivariable regression revealed radioresistant tumors (subhazard ratio [subHR] = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15–0.90; p = 0.028) and epidural disease (subHR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12–0.78; p =0.013) were associated with increased risk of local failure. At 12 months, 91% of patients maintained ambulatory function. Conclusion Our data suggest that cEBRT following SSRS local failure can be used safely and effectively. Further investigation is needed into optimal patient selection for cEBRT in the retreatment setting.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of super-antigen (SAg) of group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), isolated from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017. Methods: Throat swab specimens from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections were collected and tested for GAS. Eleven currently known SAg genes including SpeA, speC, speG, speH, speI, speJ, speK, speL, speM, smeZ and ssa were tested by real-time PCR while M protein genes (emm genes) were amplified and sequenced by PCR. Results: A total of 377 GAS were isolated from 6 801 throat swab specimens, with the positive rate as 5.5%. There were obvious changes noticed among speC, speG, speH and speK in three years. A total of 45 SAg genes profiles were observed, according to the SAgs inclusion. There were significant differences appeared in the frequencies among two of the highest SAg genes profiles between emm1 and emm12 strains (χ(2)=38.196, P<0.001; χ(2)=72.310, P<0.001). There also appeared significant differences in the frequencies of speA, speH, speI and speJ between emm1 and emm12 strains (χ(2)=146.154, P<0.001; χ(2)=52.31, P<0.001; χ(2)=58.43, P<0.001; χ(2)=144.70, P<0.001). Conclusions: Obvious changes were noticed among SAg genes including speC, speG, speH and speK from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017. SAg genes including speA, speH, speI and speJ appeared to be associated with the emm 1 and emm 12 strains. More kinds of SAg genes profiles were isolated form GAS but with no significant differences seen in the main SAg genes profiles, during the epidemic period.
Antigens, Bacterial/genetics* ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Bacterial Proteins ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Exotoxins ; Female ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; Pharyngitis/microbiology* ; Pharynx/microbiology* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Scarlet Fever/microbiology* ; Streptococcal Infections ; Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification* ; Superantigens/genetics*

Objective: To understand the survival status and influencing factors for HIV/AIDS patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Shandong province. Methods: Both Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method and cumulative incidence function (CIF) were used to calculate the cumulative incidence of AIDS-related death respectively, and Fine-Gray model was used to identify the influencing factors related to survival time. Results: Through K-M method, a higher AIDS-related cumulated death rate than the CIF, was estimated. Among all the HIV/AIDS patients who initiated HAART from 2003 to 2015 in Shandong, 5 593 of them met the inclusion criteria. The cumulative incidence rate for AIDS-related death was 3.08% in 1 year, 4.21% in 3 years, 5.37% in 5 years, and 7.59% in 10 years respectively by CIF. Results from the F-G analysis showed that HIV/AIDS patients who were on HAART, the ones who had college degree or above (HR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.24-0.65) were less likely to die of AIDS-associated diseases. However, HIV/AIDS patients who were on HAART and living in the western areas of Shandong (HR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.01-1.89), diagnosed by medical institutions (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.06-1.80), started to receive care ≥1 year after diagnosis (HR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.30-3.15), their CD(4) cell count less than 200 cells/μl (HR=3.41, 95%CI: 2.59-4.59) at the time of diagnosis, with NVP in antiviral treatment (ART) regime (HR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.03-1.88), at Ⅲ/Ⅳ clinical stages (HR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.94-3.53) and CD(4) cell count less than 350 cells/μl (HR=5.48,95%CI: 2.32-12.72) at initiation of HAART ect., were more likely to die of AIDS-associated diseases. Conclusions: With the existence of competing risks, the cumulative incidence rate for AIDS-related death was overestimated by K-M, suggesting that competing risk models should be used in the survival analysis. Measures as early diagnoses followed by timely care and early HAART could end up with the reduction of AIDS-related death.
Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; HIV ; HIV Infections/mortality* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and molecular genetics of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) with concurrent or secondary to nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic-type (nTFHL-AI). Methods: The clinicopathological features and molecular genetics of DLBCL associated with nTFHL-AI diagnosed between January 2015 and October 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were analyzed using histology, immunohistochemistry, PCR, EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Clinical information was collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 6 cases including 3 nTFHL-AI with secondary DLBCL and 3 composite lymphomas were reviewed. There were 4 male and 2 female patients, whose ages ranged from 40 to 74 years (median 57 years). All patients presented with nodal lesions at an advanced Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ (6/6). Bone marrow involvement was detected in 4 patients. All cases showed typical histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of nTFHL-AI. Among them, 5 cases of DLBCL with concurrent nTFHL-AI exhibited numerous large atypical lymphoid cells and the tumor cells were CD20 and CD79α positive. The only case of DLBCL secondary to nTFHL-AI showed plasma cell differentiation and reduced expression of CD20. All of cases were activated B-cell (ABC)/non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtype. Three of the 6 cases were EBV positive with>100 positive cells/high power field, meeting the diagnostic criteria of EBV⁺DLBCL. The expression of MYC and CD30 protein in the DLBCL region was higher than that in the nTFHL-AI region (n=5). C-MYC, bcl-6 and bcl-2 translocations were not detected in the 4 cases that were subject to FISH. Four of the 6 patients received chemotherapy after diagnosis. For the DLBCL cases of nTFHL-AI with secondary DLBCL, the interval was between 2-20 months. During the follow-up period ranging from 3-29 months, 3 of the 6 patients died of the disease. Conclusions: DLBCL associated with nTFHL-AI is very rare. The expansion of EBV-infected B cells in nTFHL-AI may progress to secondary EBV⁺DLBCL. However, EBV-negative cases have also been reported, suggesting possible other mechanisms. The up-regulation of MYC expression in these cases suggests a possible role in B-cell lymphomagenesis. Clinicians should be aware that another biopsy is still necessary to rule out concurrent or secondary DLBCL when nodal and extranodal lesions are noted after nTFHL-AI treatment.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in adult residents living in a community of Songjiang district, Shanghai. Methods: A total of 9 257 residents aged 20-75 years old in Xinqiao township of Songjiang district were selected by random cluster sampling. All the participants were interviewed to complete a set of personal questionnaire and undergo physical examinations. Urine and blood tests including markers of kidney damage and related associated factors with CKD, were carried out. Results: Eligible data from 8 207 subjects were enrolled in the study. After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of CKD was 8.4% (95%CI: 7.8%-9.0%), with majority of the patients (76.5%) appeared in the early stage (Ⅰ and Ⅱ) of the disease. The prevalence of CKD increased with age and higher prevalence was seen in females than in males (P<0.001). Results from logistic regression analysis showed that factors as: being elderly or female, having hypertension, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia were all independently associated with CKD. Conclusions: The prevalence of CKD appeared relatively high in adult residents of Xinqiao township, Songjiang district where CKD had become a public health problem. Factors as: being female or elderly, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia were found to be associated with CKD. Our findings suggested that early prevention and control on CKD to reduce the incidence of end-stage renal diseases and related complications had called for more urgent attention.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/epidemiology* ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Hyperuricemia/ethnology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/ethnology* ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

Humans ; Lung ; Pneumoconiosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed