Apolipoproteins B ; metabolism ; Atherosclerosis ; metabolism ; Humans

With relatively low rejection rate and better visual prognosis, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) has become the mainstream surgery for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in some developed countries, but it has not been applied widely in China due to technical difficulties, the long learning curve, shallow anterior chamber of Chinese people, and the fact that domestic corneal endothelial lesions are often accompanied with other complex eye diseases.In this review, the indications, donor graft preparation including donor selection, graft preparation techniques and visualization of graft, key surgical techniques including the implantation, unwrapping and positioning of graft, postoperative complications including graft detachment, high intraocular pressure, rejection, endothelial cell loss, graft survival rate, and visual prognosis of DMEK were reviewed.

Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Mesentery/surgery* ; Ossification, Heterotopic/surgery*

Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Cutaneous Fistula ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Hernia ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Peritoneum ; pathology ; Risk Factors ; Umbilicus ; pathology

AIM:To describe our clinical experience in treating circumscribed choroidal haemangioma(CCH)in a tertiary referral centre over a fifteen year period prior to photodynamic therapy.METHODS:The departmental database and photographic records of a tertiary referral center were used to identify patients who were treated for CCH between 1992 and 2007.Their case records were reviewed.RESULTS:Visual acuity improved(＞2 Snellen lines)in eleven patients(69%)remained stable in one patient (6%)and deteriorated in four patients(25%).Six of the seven treated with brachytherapy and three of the four treated with transpupillary thermotherapy achieved better visual acuity after treatment.86% of patients treated within six months of onset of symptoms and 50% of patients treated after six months of onset of symptoms noted an improvement in visual acuity.Only one patient in our series had a final VA of 6/60 or worse.Mean follow-up was thirty-five months.CONCLUSION:Visual outcome is better when treatment is performed within 6 months of symptoms.The majority of patients achieved an improvement in visual acuity without any adverse effect following treatment.

世界卫生组织的《国际功能、残疾与健康分类》（ICF）为我们理解健康、功能和残疾提供了一个新的基础。然而在其应用过程中可能会遇到不同的挑战。本文旨在解决其中的两个挑战：ICF内容效度以及ICF与其他健康相关概念如全健康、生活质量（QoL）和健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）的关系。正在进行的一系列效度研究证实，ICF是一个完备的分类：它既涵盖构成人类功能和残疾体验的健康及其相关领域，又涵盖大多数影响功能和残疾体验的环境因素。而且ICF也有助于人们把健康理解为一个序列：以身体为中心的观念（身体的健康体验）、综合的观念（“全健康体验”），并最终发展成为整体观念（“人类体验”），最后这种整体观念把健康看作人类体验的一部分。ICF将健康从一个狭隘的观点转变为广义的功能观点，使得健康作为人类体验的一部分可操作化。ICF及其类目也可以作为客观评价全健康的起点：HRQoL既然被定义为个体对健康和全健康的健康相关领域的一种知觉，基于ICF功能概念的类目也就可作为HRQoL评定的基础。

BACKGROUNDThe use of stem cells for various clinical applications is highly expected and the production of good quality stem cells is very critical for basic studies. In the bone marrow, hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells form a unique niche in which the oxygen tension is low. Hypoxia may have a role in maintaining stem cell fate, self renewal and multi-potency. We investigated whether low oxygen culture would be beneficial for hematopoietic stem cell stemness.METHODSBone marrow cells from 8-10 week aged mice were subjected to hypoxic conditioning by culture for 7days in 20%, 3% and 1% oxygen. For culture,1x105 cell/ml were seeded in colony forming assay in each dish. During the culturing, cell colonies were checked once every three days. Compared to normoxic cells, hypoxic cells weremorphologicallyundifferentiated and counted by Olympus IX71 microscope.RESULTSMore colonies were observed at 3% and 1% oxygen. Statistical significances were identified with granulocytes and macrophage colony (p<0.05) in hypoxic condition.CONCLUSIONSOur data suggests low physiological oxygen culture could improve the stemness of macrophage and granulocytes colony. Long term culture will be necessary to confirm whether low physiological oxygen levels also improve genomic stability.

Background:Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue are being applied to tissue engineering and cell therapy. The use of stem cells of various clinical applications is highly expected and the production of good quality stem cells is very critical for basic studies. In the bone marrowmesenchymal stem cells from an unique niche in which the oxygen tension is low. Hypoxia may have a role in maintaining stem cell fate, self renewal and multi-potency. We investigated whether low oxygen culture would be beneficial for mesenchymal stem cell. Results:BMCs from 8-10 week aged, 6 mice were subjected to hypoxic conditioning by culture for 7 days in 20%, 3%, 1% oxygen. For culture 1x106 cell/ml were seeded in media with L-glutamine in each dish. During the culturing, cell colonies were checked once in three days. After cell culture, we stained cells by CD90 then counted CD90 positive cells by fluorescence microscope. More colonies and mesenchymal cells were observed at 3%, 1% oxygen and also colonies were bigger in hypoxic condition. Statistical significances were identified mesenchymal cells (p<0.05) in hypoxic condition. Conclusions:Our data suggests low physiological oxygen culture could improve the differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Long term culture will be necessary to confirm whether low physiological oxygen levels also improve genomic stability.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM), as a sophisticated imaging tool with nanoscale resolution, is widely used in virus research and the application of functional viral particles. To investigate single viruses by AFM in a physiologically relevant environment (liquid), an appropriate surface treatment to properly adhere the viruses to the substrate is essential. Here we discuss hydrophobic treated glass coverslips as a suitable substrate for the adhesion of single adenovirus particle (Adenovirus type 5 F35, Ad5F35) when studied with AFM in liquid. From the high resolution AFM images, the orientation of the adhered virus particles can be distinguished. Furthermore, the particles exhibit the expected height of -90 nm. This illustrates that the viruses adhere to the substrate firmly without large deformations. Hence, the described method works well on (fragile) viruses. The described experimental approach can be widely used for AFM studies in liquid of virus structure and mechanics as well as for investigating the interaction of viruses with cellular receptors.
Adenoviridae ; chemistry ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; methods ; Virion ; chemistry

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease worldwide, as the obesity epidemic and the burden of diabetes continue to rise globally. In general, guideline management of patients with DKD recommends lifestyle modifications, blood pressure and glycemic control, and dyslipidemia treatment along with other cardiovascular disease risk reduction measures. The inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) using an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker remains the foundational therapy for DKD. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), significant advances in therapeutics, including the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor agonist (MRA) finerenone, have dramatically expanded the armamentarium for treating DKD and its cardiovascular complications. Initiating, optimizing, and sustaining evidence-based pharmacological therapy using a therapeutic combination of RAS inhibitor + SGLT2i/GLP-1 RA + nonsteroidal MRA + statin is likely to significantly improve outcomes for T2D with DKD. Research into potential novel therapeutic targets for DKD remains particularly active and brings much anticipation and optimism to this field.