Humans ; Research ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Public nutrition is related to the improvement of population health and the development of social economy. Nutrition and health survey can provide indispensable information for public health and disease prevention and control to improve people's nutritional and health status and support the policy making of food production and chronic diseases prevention and control. In recent years, China's nutritional supply capacity has increased significantly. Our people's nutritional and health status has improved significantly. The articles published in "Nutrition and Health Survey" column come from nutrition surveys both at the national and provincial level. They are making full use of data to give information on not only nutritional and health status of residents throughout the country, but also regional features. These results will provide a detailed and reliable reference for both national and regional nutrition and health policy and strategy making. At present, China's nutrition work faces many challenges. China's Party Central Committee and the State Council always places great emphasis on people's nutritional and health status. In order to promote the health of the whole population in our country, our government has implemented a number of nutrition promotion policies or strategies. Chinese nutrition and health survey will further evaluate the effect of these movements.
China ; Health Surveys ; Incidence ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Population Dynamics

OBJECTIVETo establish the quality standard of PsL injections containing mainly 5F (ent-11alpha-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic-acid).

METHODThe identification of PsL was performed by thin-layer chromatography, and the content was determined by HPLC. The column was Hypersil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), the mobile phase was the mixture of methane-water-acitic acid (55:45: 0.045) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), the detective wavelength was 254 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C. The pH value and K+ content of the three batchs injection were determined with pH meter and flame photometric meter, and the contents of tannin, protein, oxalic acid salt and heavy metals were detected by deferent methods.

RESULTThe TLC method was suitable for the identification of PsL5F. The linearity for 5F was obtained over the range of 30-240 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 8), the average recovery of 5F was 99.8%. The injections were of pH value range from 7.80 to 8.20, K+ contents less than 10 mmol x L(-1), and the contents of tannin, protein, oxalic acid salt and heavy metals were qualified with the Chinese pharmacopoeia, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIt's sensitive and reliable that can be used as quality control methods of PsL5F injections.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Injections ; Reproducibility of Results

Atomic force microscopy (AFM), as a sophisticated imaging tool with nanoscale resolution, is widely used in virus research and the application of functional viral particles. To investigate single viruses by AFM in a physiologically relevant environment (liquid), an appropriate surface treatment to properly adhere the viruses to the substrate is essential. Here we discuss hydrophobic treated glass coverslips as a suitable substrate for the adhesion of single adenovirus particle (Adenovirus type 5 F35, Ad5F35) when studied with AFM in liquid. From the high resolution AFM images, the orientation of the adhered virus particles can be distinguished. Furthermore, the particles exhibit the expected height of -90 nm. This illustrates that the viruses adhere to the substrate firmly without large deformations. Hence, the described method works well on (fragile) viruses. The described experimental approach can be widely used for AFM studies in liquid of virus structure and mechanics as well as for investigating the interaction of viruses with cellular receptors.
Adenoviridae ; chemistry ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; methods ; Virion ; chemistry

世界卫生组织的《国际功能、残疾与健康分类》（ICF）为我们理解健康、功能和残疾提供了一个新的基础。然而在其应用过程中可能会遇到不同的挑战。本文旨在解决其中的两个挑战：ICF内容效度以及ICF与其他健康相关概念如全健康、生活质量（QoL）和健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）的关系。正在进行的一系列效度研究证实，ICF是一个完备的分类：它既涵盖构成人类功能和残疾体验的健康及其相关领域，又涵盖大多数影响功能和残疾体验的环境因素。而且ICF也有助于人们把健康理解为一个序列：以身体为中心的观念（身体的健康体验）、综合的观念（“全健康体验”），并最终发展成为整体观念（“人类体验”），最后这种整体观念把健康看作人类体验的一部分。ICF将健康从一个狭隘的观点转变为广义的功能观点，使得健康作为人类体验的一部分可操作化。ICF及其类目也可以作为客观评价全健康的起点：HRQoL既然被定义为个体对健康和全健康的健康相关领域的一种知觉，基于ICF功能概念的类目也就可作为HRQoL评定的基础。

Vaccines require optimal adjuvants including immunopotentiator and delivery systems to offer long term protection from infectious diseases in animals and man. Initially it was believed that adjuvants are responsible for promoting strong and sustainable antibody responses. Now it has been shown that adjuvants influence the isotype and avidity of antibody and also affect the properties of cell-mediated immunity. Mostly oil emulsions, lipopolysaccharides, polymers, saponins, liposomes, cytokines,ISCOMs (immunostimulating complexes), Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, alums, bacterial toxins etc.,are common adjuvants under investigation. Saponin based adjuvants have the ability to stimulate the cell mediated immune system as well as to enhance antibody production and have the advantage that only a low dose is needed for adjuvant activity. In the present study the importance of adjuvants, their role and the effect of saponin in immune system is reviewed.

Objective: To understand the prevalence, trend and related factors on soil-borne nematode in Danzhou city to provide information for prevention and control of the disease. Methods: According to the guidelines set by the National National soil-borne nematode technical solutions, one village was randomly chosen from every township as the monitoring location, in the east, west, south and north parts of Danzhou city. A total of 200 residents aged 3 years and over were randomly selected in each monitoring site, with modified Kato thick smear and Cellophane tape anal swab used for microscopy. Results: In this survey, we retrospectively analyzed the rates on soil borne nematode infection in five monitoring locations of Danzhou city and the results showed that the overall positive rates of infection was 19.5% (195/1 000). Comparing with the previous surveys, rates on soil-borne parasites infection were decreasing. The main types of soil-borne nematode infection appeared as roundworm, whipworm, hookworm and pinworm in Danzhou city, with rate of hookworm-egg infection ranking the highest (42.5%, 85/200) in Dacheng. The infection rate was seen significantly higher in females than males. People aged over 60 and between 3-10, had a higher rates of infection. Rate on multiple infections reached 16.9%, including 5 triple infection cases. Conclusion: Rates of infection on soil-borne nematodes in Danzhou city showed a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2016 with hookworm and whipworm as the major ones.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nematoda/isolation & purification* ; Nematode Infections/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Serogroup ; Soil ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The medical and economic importance of ticks has long been recognized due to their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals. Ticks cause great economic losses to livestock, and adversely affect livestock hosts in several ways. Loss of blood is a direct effect of ticks acting as potential vector for haemo-protozoa and helminth parasites. Blood sucking by large numbers of ticks causes reduction in live weight and anemia among domestic animals, while their bites also reduce the quality of hides. However, major losses caused by ticks are due to their ability to transmit protozoan, rickettsial and viral diseases of livestock, which are of great economic importance world-wide. There are quite a few methods for controlling ticks, but every method has certain shortcomings. The present review is focused on ticks importance and their control.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the roles of sympathetic and vagus nerves in hypotension and bradycardia induced by fentanyl.

METHODSFourteen rabbits were divided into 2 groups: normal and vagotomized rabbits. Rabbits were anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificial ventilated. Right renal sympathetic nerve was exposed and prepared for recording electrical activity. Fentanyl was injected intravenously in incremental doses of 1, 4, 15, 30, and 50 microg/kg at 10 minutes intervals.

RESULTSFentanyl significantly reduced the spontaneous activity of renal sympathetic nerve, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate above a total dose of 20 microg/kg in both normal and vagotomized rabbits. However, normal rabbits spontaneous sympathetic nerve activity and mean arterial pressure were more depressed than vagotomized rabbits at total doses of 50 and 100 microg/kg. There were no significant difference in the reduction of heart rate between normal and vagotomized rabbits.

CONCLUSIONFentanyl induction of bradycardia and hypotension in rabbits is mainly due to depression of sympathetic nerve activity.

Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Fentanyl ; pharmacology ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Kidney ; innervation ; Rabbits ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; drug effects ; physiology ; Vagotomy

Circadian disruption is being increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This review aims to provide an in-depth overview of the relationship between circadian disruption and PD by exploring the molecular, cellular, and behavioral aspects of this interaction. This review will include a comprehensive understanding of how the clock gene system and transcription–translation feedback loops function and how they are diminished in PD. The article also discusses the role of clock genes in the regulation of circadian rhythms, as well as the impact of clock gene dysregulation on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, including the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which have all been proposed as being crucial mechanisms in the pathophysiology of PD. Finally, this review highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting the clock gene system and circadian rhythm for the treatment of PD.