Objective:To understand the levels of selenium and T-2 toxin in the historical critical disease area of Kashin-Beck disease in Aba State of Sichuan Province.Methods:From July 2018 to February 2019, in five cities (counties) of historical critical Kashin-Beck disease areas, namely, Ma'erkang, Rangtang, Aba, Ruo'ergai and Hongyuan, one township was selected, respectively, and then one village in the historical critical disease area and one village in non-disease area were selected from the selected townships. Hair samples from 30 children aged 6 to 12 years old were collected to test selenium content in each village. Staple food samples of 10 households were collected to test the selenium and T-2 toxin contents in each village. Ten soil samples were collected from each village to test the selenium content.Results:The medians selenium of children's hair in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n= 180, 120) were 0.260 0 and 0.330 0 mg/kg, respectively, and the diseased village was lower than non-diseased village ( Z = - 6.319, P < 0.01). In Ma'erkang and Hongyuan, the medians selenium in the diseased villages were lower than those in non-diseased villages ( Z = - 3.327, - 4.939, P < 0.01), and there were no statistically significant differences between the diseased villages and non-diseased villages in Rangtang and Ruo'ergai ( P > 0.05). The medians selenium of staple food in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n = 110, 70) were 0.005 8 and 0.018 0 mg/kg, respectively, and the diseased village was lower than non-diseased village ( Z = - 2.263, P < 0.05). In Ruo'ergai, the median selenium in the diseased village was lower than that in non-diseased village ( Z = - 2.306, P < 0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences between the diseased villages and non-diseased villages in Ma'erkang, Rangtang and Hongyuan ( P > 0.05). The T-2 toxin contents in staple food were all less than detection limit (1 μg/kg) in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n = 103, 65). The soil selenium contents in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n = 60, 40) were (0.045 3 ± 0.021 5) and (0.065 8 ± 0.045 4) mg/kg, respectively, and the diseased village was lower than non-diseased village ( t = 2.672, P < 0.05). The soil selenium content in the diseased village was lower than that in non-diseased village in Hongyuan ( t = 14.838, P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the soil selenium content between the diseased villages and non-diseased villages in Ma'erkang, Rangtang and Ruo'ergai ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The overall selenium level of children's hair is at a medium level (0.25 - < 0.50 mg/kg) in the historical critical disease area of Aba State of Sichuan Province, the selenium levels of staple food and soil are at a deficiency level (< 0.025, < 0.125 mg/kg), and the diseased villages are lower than non-diseased villages. No T-2 toxin is detected in staple food.

This study was aimed to explore recognition models and to establish statistical pattern recognition methods of cold-hot property markers based on lipid components GC-MS chromatogram of Chinese materia medica (CMM). GC-MS fingerprints of lipid components contained in 60 kinds of cold or hot property of CMM were used as the research object. The database was established. Five types of model establishment strategies were compared. Optimal modeling patterns were screened for the identification of herbal property markers of lipid components GC-MS chromatogram. The results showed that support vector machine (SVM) was the best model to discriminate cold or hot property among 60 types of CMM, which were able to effectively mark the characteristic area. The strongest markers tending to cold property was at the retention time of 61.550 min, while the strongest markers tending to hot property was at the retention time of 31.395 min. It was concluded that cold or hot property of CMM had close relationship with lipid components. The lipid component was one of the material bases of CMM. The mathematical statistical model based on material base and herbal property can be used to identify and predict the cold and hot property of CMM.

Objective To build the forecasting system on spatial coverage of cumulative phenotypic frequency (CPF) of HLA- Ⅰ for designing HLA-based vaccines (epitopes or DNA vaccines) and evaluating their effects in China. Methods The spatial database of HLA- Ⅰgenes of Chinese (across the land of China) was set up, and then the spatial forecasting system of CPF was designed using Kriging technique.Results Using this spatial forecasting system, the vaccine designer could predict the spatial coverage of CPF for any combination of the alleles confined to a single class Ⅰ locus, either HLA-A or HLA-B, as well as for any combination of alleles at these two loci of each given population at any geographical location across the land of China. Conclusions This system is applicable in the following rields: ①To provide for the identification of alleles that represent a desired percentage of populations across the land of China and that can be targeted for vaccine composition. ② To predict the theoretical responder status of vaccines whose HLA restricted epitopes have already been known in given population at any geographical location across the land of China. (③) To identify how many individuals will be non-responders to a HLA-based vaccine across the land of China.

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) in the cardiac muscle are increased in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension,coronary heart disease and heart failure.Oxidative stress mediates myocyte hypertrophy,myocyte apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis.And these changes are particularly pronounced in elderly patients or senescent animal disease models.The major sources of ROS in myocardium are mitochondria and the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase.Specific ROS such as hydrogen peroxide play an important role in myocardial remodeling in heart failure.Oxidative modifications of calcium handling proteins result in reduction of their activities,leading to decreased myocardial contractility.Reduction of oxidant levels and inhibition of oxidative modifications of specific proteins through inhibiting ROS sources may provide new strategies for the treatment of myocardial remodeling.

Cardiomyocyte autophagy plays an important role in maintaining normal cardiac structure and function.Recent studies have shown that cardiomyocyte autophagy is decreased in the aging heart.The expression of autophagy-related genes Atg5, Atg7 and Beclin1 decreases in the aging myocardium.Decreased cardiomyocyte autophagy in the aging heart is associated with dysregulation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and/or the SIRT1 signaling pathways.In addition, reactive oxygen species and some neural hormonal factors such as endothelin-1 can also mediate the decrease of cardiomyocyte autophagy in cardiac aging.The regulation of cardiomyocyte autophagy may provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy in the elderly.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of endovascular embolism in treating aneurysms located at the bifurcation of middle cerebral artery. Methods During the period from Jan. 2009 to May 2013 at authors’ hospital, a total of 21 patients with intracranial aneurysms located at the bifurcation of middle cerebral artery were treated with interventional embolization. Of the 21 cases , steel coils were used in 7, stent-assistant embolization was adopted in 12, and dual-microcatheter technique was employed in 2. The results were analyzed. Results Postoperative angiography showed that complete embolization of the aneurysm was achieved in 14 patients, residual neck was detected in 2 patients and subtotal obliteration of the aneurysm was seen in 5 patients. Procedure-related complications occurred in 2 patients, including cerebral bleeding during operation (n = 1) and postoperative small area cerebral infarction. Seventeen patients were followed up for 6 months, and follow-up angiography showed that no recurrence of aneurysm was seen. Conclusion For un-ruptured, or ruptured with no big hematoma, intracranial aneurysms located at the bifurcation of middle cerebral artery, endovascular interventional embolization is the treatment of choice.

Autophagy ; Humans ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Ventricular Remodeling

Objective:To analyze the trends of coronary heart disease mortality in Tengzhou city of Shandong province from 2013 to 2021.Methods:The data of coronary heart disease (ICD-10: I20-I25) from January 2013 to December 2021 were obtained from the Chronic Disease Surveillance Information System-Coronary Heart Disease Management Module of Shandong province; the population data were provided by Tengzhou Public Security Bureau. The 95% confidence interval ( CI) of the rate was calculated using the binomial exact method. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was calculated based on 2020 National Population Census. The trends of mortality rate were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results:During 2013 to 2021, there were 20 667 coronary heart disease deaths in Tengzhou city, with an average of 2 296 cases per year. The male-to-female ratio was 1.09∶1, and 80.98% (16 736/20 667) of the death cases were aged 65 years or older. The crude mortality rate and ASMR of coronary heart disease were 131.84/10 5 and 168.22/10 5 in 2013, respectively. The crude mortality rate increased by 13.67% from 2013 to 2021 ( P<0.001) with an average annual increase of 1.59%; while the ASMR decreased by 18.65% from 2013 to 2021 ( P<0.05) with an average annual decease of 2.34%. The crude mortality rate of coronary heart disease in men and women showed an upward trend, with the difference in the increase for women being statistically significant ( P<0.01); while the ASMR both in men and women showed a downward trend ( P<0.001). The crude death rates from 2013 to 2021 in age groups of 65 or older for men and women decreased by 22.40% and 19.73%, respectively (both P<0.001); while the crude death rate for age groups of 44 or younger in men showed an upward trend ( P<0.05). The crude death rate among urban residents decreased by 5.22% from 2013 to 2021 with an annual decrease of 0.67% ( P>0.05); while the crude death rate among rural residents increased by 19.29% with an annual increase of 2.18% ( P<0.001). The overall crude death rate among urban residents was higher than that among rural residents (all P<0.05). Conclusions:From 2013 to 2021, the crude mortality rate of coronary heart disease in Tengzhou city of Shandong province shows an increasing trend while the age-standardized mortality rate shows a decreasing trend. The crude mortality rate of coronary heart disease in people aged 65 and above shows a decreasing trend. In addition, the change trends are different between women and men, and between urban and rural areas.

Objective To establish the norm of Sub-Health Measurement Scale for nurses in Shandong Province,so as to provide a basis for understanding the current situation of sub-health and provide a reference for promoting the health of nurses.Methods From December 2020 to February 2023,14,308 nurses from 23 public tertiary hospitals enrolled in the Nurse Health Cohort Study in Shandong Province were selected as participants by convenience sampling.The sub-health status was assessed by the Sub-Health Measurement Scale,and the sub-health norm of nurses was constructed by establishing the mean,percentile and demarcation norm.Results A total of 10669 nurses were included in the analysis.The total score of Sub-Health Measurement Scale of nurses in Shandong Province was(61.13±12.40),and the scores of physiological sub-health sub-scale,psychological sub-health sub-scale and social sub-health sub-scale were(58.35±11.86),(62.56±15.85)and(63.56±16.73),respectively.The mean norm of sub-health assessment scale was established by gender and age.Based on the results of univariate analysis,we selected the characteristics with differences,namely gender,age,marital status,working department,years of working,professional title and employment type to establish a classification norm.P5,P25,P50,P75 and P95 were select to establish percentile norm.Taking(x-s),(x-0.5s),(x+0.5s),(x+s)as the cut-off points,the demarcation norm of the Sub-Health Measurement Scale and sub-scales was established,which was divided into 5 categories,including disease,severe sub-health,moderate sub-health,mild sub-health and healthy states.Conclusion This study established the Sub-Health Measurement Scale norm of nurses,which provided a basis for effectively evaluating and identifying the sub-health status of nurses.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of adverse events of active medical devices in Shandong province, as well as the impact of device use duration on the risk rate of adverse events, for reference in improving the monitoring system of active medical device adverse events in China and the level of hospital medical quality management.Methods:The data came from the adverse event reporting data of active medical devices collected by Shandong Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from January 2019 to October 2021. The R software was used to analyze the distribution, cause and severity of adverse events, and a linear regression model of adverse event risk rate(Y) and adverse event time point(X) was established.Results:A total of 35 254 adverse events of active devices were included, of which 3 059 were serious injuries. The province/municipality with the largest number of reported adverse events was Shanghai(8 006 cases), and the least was Hainan province(4 cases); The majority of adverse events were reported by hospitals, with 34 056(96.60%). The medical devices reporting a higher number of adverse events were ventilators(688 cases), monitors(4 623 cases), infusion pumps(1 079 cases), syringe infusion pumps(1 995 cases), medical electron accelerators(529 cases)and infant incubators(513 cases). In the linear regression model, the risk rate of adverse events increased with the useduration of the device when 0.00%≤ X<14.14%; the risk rate of adverse events decreased with the increase of service time when 14.14%≤ X<100.00%. Conclusions:The number of adverse events reported in each province is different, and hospitals are the main reporting units.The causes of adverse events of different medical devices indicate different correlation strengths with the product itself. The use duration of medical devices poses a great impact on the risk rate of adverse events.