BACKGROUND: With the bio-coated prosthesis implanted in the body by a complex interaction of chemo-mechanics, the cases of clinical revision increased.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of effect of interaction of chemo-mechanics on the microstructure and properties of thermal-sprayed bioactive coatings.METHODS: The relevant articles were retrieved from Elsevier with the key words of "apatite, coating, spraying" in English between January 1999 to November 2009. Meanwhile, the relevant articles were searched from database of Vip Information with the key words of "apatite, coating, spraying" in Chinese between January 1989 to November 2009. The articles that were highly related to the effect of chemo-mechanics on the microstructure and properties of thermal-sprayed bio-coatings were collected. The repetitive researching results and those with weak correlation were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was shown that loading affected the dissolution of bio-coatings significantly. Tensile stress promoted the dissolution, while compressive stress inversely. In addition, the mechanical properties decreased after immersion in simulation body fluid. Moreover, the mechanical properties increased when it was implanted in bone tissue. However, there were only investigation of microstructure and properties of bio-coatings under simple loading. The coupling effect of complex loading, such as tension, torsion and fatigue, etc., and the specific chemical environment on the bio-coatings should be studied in order to ensure the integrity of its structure and properties.

Objectives A new method for the detection of PCR ampli fied DNA in capillary electrophoresis and laser induced fluorescence (CE LIF) system based on molecular beacons hybridization is described.Methods The method is based on the hybridization of molecular beacons into the amplification product, then separating the hybridized product with CE LIF system. This method was applied to the detection of p73exon3, p53exon5 and p16exon2 for gastric carcinoma. Results Detected with CE LIF molecular beacons method, the wild type percent of p73exon3 is 100%, same as SSCP; p53exon5 is 60 0%, while SSCP is 63 3%, P=0 99; p16exon2 is 20 0%, same as SSCP(20 0%).Conclusion The results demonstrate that the specific peaks appeared in wild type samples while no peaks or unspecific peaks in mutation ones. The results showed correlation with the results of PCR SSCP. The method is able to develope as a clinical screening method for tumor suppressor genes to diagnose carcinoma.

Viral hepatitis has been causing big threat to public health globally. The number of annual deaths caused by hepatitis surpassed the deaths caused by AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. World Health Organization (WHO) issued the global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016-2020 (GHSS) to control its epidemic. It established the Strategies and Technical Advisory Committee on HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (STAC). This paper summarizes the GHSS goals and the keynote of the 2020 STAC meeting, analyzes the challenges and opportunities faced by China in eliminating viral hepatitis, and provides the comments on the papers on this issue, which could guide further actions.

A patient with intermittent right lumbar pain for more than one month and aggravating for one week was reported. The right laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed, and fibrosarcoma of the right kidney was diagnosed. The patient refused further radiotherapy or chemotherapy and was discharged on the 11th after surgery. One year after operation, the patient underwent chest CT, and subdural tumor of right lobe of liver was detected. A surgery was performed in another hospital, and liver metastasis from right renal fibrosarcoma was diagnosed. He was alive four months after operation.

Objective: To analyze the sero-epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus among people born during 1994-2001, conducted by the national hepatitis B sero-epidemiological surveys in 2006 and 2014. Methods: Based on the data of the two national hepatitis B sero-epidemiological surveys in 2006 and 2014, people born during 1994-2001 were included into our analysis as this study subjects. The two surveys were conducted in 160 disease surveillance points of 31 provinces (not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China. Face-to-face interviews with the subject by door to door or on the investigation site were conducted by trained staff using standard questionnaires to obtain basic information including birth date, sex, ethnicity, resident place and so on. And then 5 ml venous blood was collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reagents were used for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc measurements and Abbott micro-particle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) reagents was used to confirm test. We analyzed HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive rate by gender, ethnicity, urban/rural, eastern/central/western region, birth years and compared the distribution of serum epidemiological characteristics in 2006 and 2014. Results: 19 821 and 4 712 people born during 1994-2001 were involved in 2006 and 2014 national serosurveys of China, respectively. For the people born during 1994-2001, HBsAg positive rate were 2.02% (95% CI: 1.82%-2.21%) in 2014 and 1.95% (95% CI: 1.56%-2.35%) in 2006. Anti-HBc positive rate were 7.94% (95%CI: 7.17%-8.71%) in 2014 and higher than that in 2006 (6.49%, 95%CI: 6.15%-6.83%), especially for the female (8.31%, 95% CI: 7.20%-9.43%), urban (7.45%, 95% CI: 6.38%-8.52%), western region (11.25%, 95%CI: 9.79%-12.71%), minority people (16.02%, 95%CI: 13.47%-18.57%) in 2014 were higher than that of the female (6.29%, 95% CI: 5.81%-6.78%), urban (4.82%, 95% CI: 4.40%-5.24%), western region (7.97%, 95% CI: 7.31%-8.63%), minority people (11.88%, 95% CI: 10.66%-13.00%) in 2006 respectively. Anti-HBs positive rate were 57.80% (95%CI: 57.11%-58.48%) in 2014 and 59.13% (95%CI: 57.72%-60.53%) in 2006. Anti-HBs positive rate of rural (58.80%, 95% CI: 56.83%-60.78%),western region (58.50%, 95% CI: 56.23%-60.78%), minority people (57.20%, 95% CI: 53.76%-60.63%) in 2014 was higher than of rural (52.62%, 95% CI: 51.64%-53.61%),western region (51.73%, 95% CI: 50.54%-52.96%),minority people (41.14%, 95%CI: 39.28%-43.00%) in 2006. Conclusion Anti-HBc positive rate among people born during 1994-2001 in 2014 survey showed a rising tendency than in 2006. The risk of HBV infection was existed. Hepatitis B vaccine catch-up in childhood was necessary.

Objective:To observe the characteristics of early changes in choroidal thickness and choroidal microvascular morphology in the macula of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Thirty-seven patients (37 eyes) who were diagnosed with SLE without obvious ocular symptoms in Hebei General Hospital from January 2022 to July 2022 were enrolled in this study as a SLE group.At the same time, 35 normal adults (35 eyes) matched with age and sex were included as a control group.Swept-source OCT was used to perform a 9 mm×9 mm radial scan of the macular region of subjects to obtain the average choroidal thickness of the macular central concave area, the paracentral concave area (1-3 mm), and the pericentral concave area (3-6 mm). OCTA was used to perform a 3 mm×3 mm scan of the macular region and images of retinal superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) blood flow density, choroidal capillary plexus (CC) blood flow density, and microvascular blood flow in the macular region were obtained and binarized using ImageJ software (Phansalkar method) to calculate the choroidal capillary flow void area (FDa) and percentage of flow deficits (FD%). The study protocol followed the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hebei General Hospital (No.202310). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.Results:The choroidal thickness of the subfoveal region in SLE group was (268.73±81.67)μm, which was significantly higher than (230.14±68.14) μm of control group ( t=2.170, P=0.033). The blood flow density of SCP, DCP and CC in the macular central zone area of SLE group were (16.58±3.90)%, (14.25±3.15)% and (51.80±4.27)%, respectively, which were significantly lower than (20.55±4.41)%, (16.57±3.74)% and (54.33±3.41)% of control group ( t=-4.043, -2.851, -2.763; all at P<0.05). The FDa and FD% in SLE group were 3.43(3.25, 3.56)mm 2 and 38.11%(36.13%, 39.52%), which were greater than 3.25(3.21, 3.32)mm 2 and 36.11%(35.64%, 36.84%) of control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-3.470, -3.476; both at P<0.05). Conclusions:OCTA can detect an increase in choroidal thickness and a decrease in blood flow density of CC in eyes with SLE without obvious ocular symptoms.

Objective To investigate the epidemic status of Hepatitis B in children aged 1-14 in 3 counties of Guangdong province in 2013,and to evaluate the effect of hepatitis control in children aged 1-14 after hepatitis B vaccine was integrated into the national immunization program in 2002 and catch-up vaccination was conducted from 2009 to 2011. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling was designed to survey 1 621 children aged 1-14 in rural area of Nanxiong county, Haifeng county and Xinxing county by questionnaires including general information, medical history and risk factors .The samples were tested with chemiluminescence method to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen ( HBsAg), antibody to HbsAg (anti-HBs) and antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc).Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of HBV serum markers in different age groups, vaccine histories, birth weight and HBV infection status of mother. Results Among the children aged 1-14 in 3 counties rural regions of Guangdong province, the positive rate of HBsAg,anti-HBs,and anti-HBc was 1.11% (18/1 621), 60.69%(982/1 618) and 1.92% (31/1 617), respectively. The HBsAg positive rate of vaccinated children (0.84%, 13/1 547) was lower than that of unvaccinated children (1/13) or children with unknown vaccination status (6.56%,4/61) (χ2=22.64,P<0.001). The HBsAg positive rate (0.45%,5/1 118) of the children with
birth-dose given within 24 hours was lower than those that of children given beyond 24 hours (2.63%, 61/190) (χ2=10.21 ,P<0.001). The HBsAg positive rate(5/18) of children with birth weight under 2 kilogram was higher than that of children with birth weight above 2 kilogram(0.78%,12/1 548)(χ2=120.8,P<0.001).The HBsAg positive rate of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers (2.80%,3/107) was higher than that of children born to HBsAg-negative mothers (0.21%,1/470)(χ2=8.50,P=0.004). With the age increasing, the coverage and timely birth-dose coverage of Hepatitis B vaccine(HepB) decreased,and the positive rate of anti-HBs gradually decreased . Conclusion After the catch-up vaccination was conducted in unvaccinated children aged 1-14 years from 2009 to 2011, the HBsAg and anti-HBc positive rate decreased, while the anti-HBs positive rate increased significantly.

Objective To investigate the epidemic status of Hepatitis B in children aged 1-14 in 3 counties of Guangdong province in 2013,and to evaluate the effect of hepatitis control in children aged 1-14 after hepatitis B vaccine was integrated into the national immunization program in 2002 and catch-up vaccination was conducted from 2009 to 2011. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling was designed to survey 1 621 children aged 1-14 in rural area of Nanxiong county, Haifeng county and Xinxing county by questionnaires including general information, medical history and risk factors .The samples were tested with chemiluminescence method to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen ( HBsAg), antibody to HbsAg (anti-HBs) and antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc).Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of HBV serum markers in different age groups, vaccine histories, birth weight and HBV infection status of mother. Results Among the children aged 1-14 in 3 counties rural regions of Guangdong province, the positive rate of HBsAg,anti-HBs,and anti-HBc was 1.11% (18/1 621), 60.69%(982/1 618) and 1.92% (31/1 617), respectively. The HBsAg positive rate of vaccinated children (0.84%, 13/1 547) was lower than that of unvaccinated children (1/13) or children with unknown vaccination status (6.56%,4/61) (χ2=22.64,P<0.001). The HBsAg positive rate (0.45%,5/1 118) of the children with
birth-dose given within 24 hours was lower than those that of children given beyond 24 hours (2.63%, 61/190) (χ2=10.21 ,P<0.001). The HBsAg positive rate(5/18) of children with birth weight under 2 kilogram was higher than that of children with birth weight above 2 kilogram(0.78%,12/1 548)(χ2=120.8,P<0.001).The HBsAg positive rate of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers (2.80%,3/107) was higher than that of children born to HBsAg-negative mothers (0.21%,1/470)(χ2=8.50,P=0.004). With the age increasing, the coverage and timely birth-dose coverage of Hepatitis B vaccine(HepB) decreased,and the positive rate of anti-HBs gradually decreased . Conclusion After the catch-up vaccination was conducted in unvaccinated children aged 1-14 years from 2009 to 2011, the HBsAg and anti-HBc positive rate decreased, while the anti-HBs positive rate increased significantly.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hepatitis B prevention and control by comparative analysis on the results of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc prevalence from national hepatitis B seroepidemiological surveys in 1992 and 2014 in different epidemic regions of China. Methods: Data was from the national seroepidemiological surveys of hepatitis B conducted in 1992 and 2014. The survey in 1992 was conducted in 145 disease surveillance points of 30 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan province) in China. The survey in 2016 was conducted in 160 disease surveillance points of 31 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan province) in China. In the two surveys, face-to-face interviews with the subject by door to door or on the investigation site were conducted by trained staff using standard questionnaires to obtain basic information including birth date, gender, ethnicity, resident place and so on. And then 5 ml venous blood was collected to test the sero-markers of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. We analyzed unweighted point prevalence and 95% CI of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in 1992 which had no design weighting, and analyzed weighted point prevalence and 95%CI of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in 2014 which had design weighting. Results: 34 291 and 31 713 people aged 1-29 years were involved in 1992 and 2014 national serosurveys of China, respectively. For the people aged 1-29 years, HBsAg prevalence was 2.64% (95%CI: 2.28%-3.06%) in 2014 and decreased by 73.92% as compared with the rate 10.13% (95% CI: 9.81%-10.45%) in 1992. Anti-HBc prevalence was 13.01% (95%CI: 12.09%-14.00%) in 2014 and decreased by 71.61% as compared with the rate 45.84% (95% CI: 45.31%-46.37%) in 1992. Anti-HBs prevalence was 57.79% (95%CI: 56.33%-59.25%) in 2014 and ascended by 127.41% as compared with the rate 25.41% (95% CI: 24.95%-25.87%) in 1992. In high, medium and low epidemic region, for the people who born during 1992-2001 when hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in routine immunization management, HBsAg prevalence was 4.74% (95%CI: 3.79%-5.69%), 1.59% (95%CI: 1.09%-2.10%) and 2.53% (95%CI: 1.66%-3.39%), respectively, and anti-HBs prevalence was 64.25% (95% CI: 62.11%-66.39%), 56.34% (95% CI: 54.50%-58.57%), 54.49% (95%CI: 51.75%-57.23%), respectively, and anti-HBc prevalence was 15.16% (95%CI: 13.56%-16.76%), 11.07% (95%CI: 9.80%-12.33%), 7.61% (95%CI: 6.15%-9.07%), respectively. In high, medium and low epidemic region, for the people who born during 2002-2013 the duration which hepatitis B vaccine was integrated in expanded immunization program born during when HBsAg prevalence was 0.88% (95%CI: 0.66%-1.11%), 0.37% (95%CI: 0.24%-0.49%)and 0.71% (95%CI: 0.48%-0.94%), respectively, and anti-HBs prevalence was 60.74% (95%CI: 59.57%-61.90%), 59.46% (95%CI: 58.44%-60.49%), 52.56% (95% CI: 51.20%-53.92%), respectively, and anti-HBc prevalence was 3.30% (95% CI: 2.87%-3.72%), 1.91% (95%CI: 1.63%-2.20%), 2.25% (95%CI: 1.85%-2.66%), respectively. Conclusion China had made great achievement in hepatitis B prevention and control. HBsAg prevalence among people aged 1-29 years old in 2014 decreased dramatically as compared with that in 1992. Since hepatitis B vaccine was integrated into expanded immunization program, China reduced HBsAg prevalence to less than 1% among people aged 1-12 years in 2014 in different epidemic region.

Objective:To understand the characteristics of hepatitis B cases reported through the National Notifiable Disease Reported System (NNDRS) of China in 2019, analyze the quality of hepatitis B reporting.Methods:The survey forms and reporting cards of hepatitis B cases in 200 surveillance points in China in 2019 were collected from NNDRS, the completeness rate of the reporting card was calculated, and the reported hepatitis B cases were verified based on the diagnostic criteria (WS 299-2008). The clinical types of the cases after verification were compared with the reported ones, the consistency was evaluated with Kappa test. The reasons for the inconsistent clinical types of the cases were analyzed.Results:In 2019, a total of 64 686 hepatitis B cases were reported through NNDRS. Acute, chronic and unclassified hepatitis B cases accounted for 5.8%, 92.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The average age of reported cases was 47 (47±15) years, and males accounted for 64.4%. The average level of alanine aminotransferase was 214.2 (214.2±1 253.4) U/L. The reported cases mainly worked in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy (50.6%, 32 722). The proportions of cases reported from the eastern, western and central regions were 42.5% (27 501),22.1% (14 315) and 35.4% (22 870), respectively. The consistent rate of the clinical types between the reported cases and the verified cases was 58.8%, with a Kappa value of 0.15. For the 39 271 cases confirmed as acute and chronic hepatitis B cases in the reporting cards, the consistent rate of the clinical types between the reported cases and the verified cases was 96.9%, with a Kappa value of 0.73. In 94.5% (24 267/25 681) of the cases with inconsistent clinical types, the reporting card information were incomplete.Conclusion:The diagnosis of hepatitis B has been improved in the hepatitis B surveillance in China, but it is necessary to improve the completeness of the reporting cards of hepatitis B cases to NNDRS.