Objective:To analyze the risk factors for complications of the retromandibular approach in patients with parotid gland posterior and lower pole tumors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 140 patients with parotid posterior lower pole tumors admitted to the Xingtai Third Hospital from October 2019 to October 2021. They were divided into two groups based on whether complications occurred: the occurrence group and the non occurrence group. General data of the two groups of patients were collected, including age, gender, course of disease, previous surgical history, number of tumors, tumor length, resection range, facial nerve dissociation, tumor site resection frequency, and fascia preservation; Single factor and logistic multivariate analysis were conducted to determine the risk factors for complications of the posterior retromandibular approach in patients with parotid gland posterior and lower pole tumors.Results:A total of 140 patients with parotid gland posterior lower pole tumors underwent retromandibular approach treatment, with complications occurring in 38 cases (27.14%), including 7 cases of temporary facial paralysis, 10 cases of facial depression, 11 cases of Frey syndrome, 2 cases of fistula, and 8 cases of sensory abnormalities of the greater auricular nerve. Through logistic multivariate analysis, it was found that the number of tumors ≥ 2 ( OR=2.856), the resection range (total resection) ( OR=2.477), the number of surgeries ≥3 ( OR=5.637), facial nerve dissociation ( OR=3.526), and lack of fascia preservation ( OR=2.551) were all risk factors for postoperative complications in patients with parotid posterior pole tumors (all P<0.05). Conclusions:In clinical practice, relevant prevention and treatment measures should be formulated for these high-risk factors to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVE： To optimize the ethanol extraction technology of total alkaloids from Shuanghu capsules. METHODS： Using dendrobine as control， the contents of total alkaloids from Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium officinale in Shuanghu capsules were determined by acidic dyes colorimetry. Using comprehensive scores calculated by the yield of the extract and the contents of total alkaloids as evaluation indexes， the effects of soaking time， ethanol volume fraction， extraction time， solid-liquid ratio and extraction times were investigated with single factor tests. L9（34） orthogonal test was used to optimize ethanol volume fraction， extraction time， solid-liquid ratio and extraction times according to the results of single factor test. The optimized technology was validated. RESULTS： The linear range of dendrobine were 4.16-14.56 μg/mL （r＝0.999 2）. RSDs of repeatability and precision tests were all lower than 5％. Average recovery tests were 93.01％ （RSD＝1.97％， n＝6）. The optimal ethanol extraction technology included soaking for 12 h， ethanol volume fraction of 70％， solid-liquid ratio of 1 ∶ 12 （g/mL）， extracting for 28 min， extracting 3 times. Results of validation test showed that the average yield of extract was 12.80％ （RSD＝4.39％， n＝3）， and the content of alkaloids was 0.359 0 mg/g（RSD＝0.66％， n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS： Established acidic dyes colorimetry is simple， precise and accurate， which can be used for the content determination of total alkaloids. The optimized ethanol extraction technology is stable and feasible， and can be used for the extraction of total alkaloids from Shuanghu capsules.

OBJECTIVE： To optimize the water extraction technology of total polysaccharide of Shuanghu capsules. METHODS： The total alkaloid was firstly extracted from Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium officinale mixture of Shuanghu capsules with ethanol， and then total polysaccharide was extracted with water. Using glucose as control， total polysaccharide was treated with phenol-sulfuric acid method and its content was determined at 488 nm. Using comprehensive score calculated with the yield of the extract and the content of total polysaccharide as index， the effects of material-liquid ratio， extraction temperature， extraction time and times on the extraction were investigated by single factor test. Then L9（34） orthogonal test was used to optimize solid-liquid ratio，extraction temperature，extraction time and extraction times according to the results of single factor test. The optimized technology was validated. RESULTS： The linear range of glucose were 0.041 4-0.207 0 mg/mL（r＝0.999 9）. RSDs of intra-day and inter-day ranged 3.61％-8.24％ （n＝3，n＝5）， and RSD of repeatability test was 1.49％ （n＝6）. Average recovery rate was 98.65％（RSD＝1.45％，n＝6）. The optimal water extraction technology included solid-liquid ratio of 1 ∶ 25（g/mL），extraction temperature of 100 ℃，extracting for 90 min， extracting once. Results of validation tests showed that average content of total polysaccharide was 379.292 8 mg/g （RSD＝1.93％，n＝3） and average yield of the extract was 22.75％（RSD＝2.41％，n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS： Established phenol-sulphuric acid method is simple， precise and accurate. The optimal water extraction technology is stable and feasible， which can be used for the extraction of total polysaccharides from Shuanghu capsules.