Objective To investigate the differences of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma b (Gpnmb) expression between M1 and M2 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMφs) in mouse.Meth-ods Primary BMMφs were cultured and then identified by immunofluorescence staining for F 4/80 and flow cytometry testing of CD11b.Interferon-γand lipopolysaccharide were used to induce differentiation of BMMφs towards M1 macrophages and interleukin-4 was adopted to induce differentiation of M 2 macropha-ges.Realtime PCR was performed to analyze mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), induc-ible NO synthase (iNOS), macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), arginase-1 (Arg-1) and Gpnmb.Pro-teins of Gpnmb and MMR were detected by double immunofluorescence staining , Western blot and flow cy-tometry.Results (1) Immunofluorescence staining showed high expression of F 4/80 in BMMφs and flow cytometry results showed that CD11b was expressed in 92.7%±6.1% of BMMφs, suggesting that primary BMMφs were successfully cultured.(2) Compared with M0 BMMφs, mRNAs of TNF-αand iNOS were highly up-regulated in M1 BMMφs (both P<0.01), and mRNAs of MMR and Arg-1 were highly up-regula-ted in M2 BMMφs (both P<0.01), indicating that differentiation of BMMφs towards M1 and M2 BMMφs were successfully induced .(3) Expressions of Gpnmb mRNA and Gpnmb protein were predominantly up-regulated in M2 BMMφs in comparison with those in M0 and M1 BMMφs (both P<0.01).Gpnmb and MMR were co-expressed in M2 BMMφs and 83.2%±9.7% of MMR positive BMMφs expressed Gpnmb. Conclusion Gpnmb expression is significantly increased in M 2 macrophages than that in M 1 macrophages in vitro, indicating that Gpnmb which takes part in the differentiation of macrophages might be used as a marker for identification of M 1 and M2 macrophages .

Objective To observe the expression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (Gpnmb) in the kidney and urine after ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI),and explore the relationship between Gpnmb and macrophage phenotypes in the IRI kidney.Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group (n =4),sham group (n =4) and IRI group (n =12).Both renal pedieles of mice in IRI group were identified and occluded with microvascular clamps for 30 min.Renal pathological injury was observed by PAS staining.The expression of Gpnmb was examined by real-time PCR and immunofluoresence staining.The location of Gpnmb was observed by flow cytometry and double immunofluoresence staining with F4/80.The mRNA expressions of Gpnmb,CD40,CRR7,CD163 and MMR were examined by real-time PCR.The expression of Gpnmb in the urine was examined by Western blotting and ELISA.Results PAS-stained IRI kidney section showed desquamative epithelia,necrosis debris and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration.Real-time PCR results showed that there was little expression of Gpnmb in the kidney of control group and sham group.However,the Gpnmb mRNA level in IRI kidneys was highly up-regulated at day 1 and day 2 (both P ＜ 0.01) and followed by a decrease that was similar to the control level at day 3.Double immunofluoresence staining of kidney sections from IRI mice revealed that Gpnmb was predominantly detected in F4/80 positive macrophages.The mRNA expression of Gpnmb was not correlated with M1 macrophage phenotypes CD40 and CCR7,but positively correlated with M2 macrophages phenotypes CD163 and MMR.Western blotting and ELISA result showed that there was significant increase of Gpnmb expression in the urine from IRI mice compared to those of the control group and the sham group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Gpnmb expression is up-regulated in IRI kidney and is associated to M2 macrophages.It may play a role in the process of acute kidney injury.Gpnmb expression is also increased in urine after IR injury and it may be a new biomarker to diagnose AKI.

Humanism care meets the need of the development of the whole society, the need of transformation of modern medicine pattern it is also the great need for uremia patients who thirst for health.Uremia patients with psychological distress will be greatly improved through following aspects: enhancing quality of medical staff,making more communications with patients and providing health education to them.In a word,humanism care for uremia patients will make them feel more love and improve their living states.

[Objective]Study on the Pathology shape structure of calcified cartilage one in Osteoarthritis knee joint and provide the theory for diagnosis and treatment of correlated disease.[Method]Osteoarthritis condyles of femur(n=21) were collected from knee joint replacement and the paraffin sections were prepared after fixation and decalcification.After stained with Safranin O/fast green,the shape structure of calcified cartilage zone was observed by microscope.[Result]Mean age of osteoarthritis patient was 65.57?7.43 yearsold;mean stature was(155.38+5.32)cm;mean weight was(59.95 ?8.99)kg;mean pathogenesis was(13.04?9.66) years.After stained with Safranin O/fast green,the pathological changes of calcified cartilage zone were defined as follow.Tidemark drift and thickening accompany with blood vessel invasion.The gap of tidemark increased width.Calcified cartilage zone desmoid changed or defect.[Conclusion]Calcified cartilage zone in Osteoarthritis knee joint taken place specific pathological changes.

Objective To study the effect of shengmai injection on the cytotoxicity of lactate-buffered peritoneal dialysis solutes (L-PDS) to human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). Methods HPMC was separated with trypsin-EDTA. HPMC proliferation and the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in supernatants were detected by MTT assay and automatic biochemical analyzer respectively. Results LDH levels of supernatants increased and prolifernation of HPMC was inhibited in L-PDS groups ( P

Objective To establish osteochondral scaffolds with remained calcified cartilage zone for finding an ideal scaffold for tissue engineered repair of osteochondral defect.Methods Cartilage zone was harvested from fresh adult porcine knee to fabricate type Ⅱ collagen hydrogel.Bone blocks measuring 8 mm in diameter with calcified cartilage zone were prepared by trephine and acellular treatment was performed.Histological staining was used to identify complete removal of cells.To fabricate the osteochondral models containing calcified cartilage zone,type Ⅱ collagen was seeded onto the acellular bone blocks with calcified cartilage zone,lyophilized,and cross-linked with 10 g/L of genipin ethanol solution.Then cell seeding and scanning electron microscope were performed after the models were established.Results HE staining,toluidine blue staining,solid green staining,safranin O staining,and DAPI staining showed cells were completely removed from bone blocks by decellularized process.Porosity of type Ⅱ collagen sponge was (91.1 ±3.8) ％ and pore size was (79.7 ± 17.1) μm.Porosity of acellular bone blocks was (73.5 ±2.6)％ and pore size was (470.2 ± 158.8) μm.Cells seeded onto osteochondral scaffolds grew well by scanning electron microscope.Conclusion Osteochondral scaffolds with calcified cartilage zone provide good biocompatibility and suitable pore size and porosity and may be an ideal material for repairing osteochondral defect in tissue engineering.

Objective To evaluate the regulatory role of mTOR signaling in activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and the potential effect on interstitial fibrosis. Methods 8-week old female C57BL/6 mice (n=30) underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) to induce renal interstitial fibrosis. Animals were randomly divided into rapamycin (2 mg·kg-1· d-1) group and UUO group (vehicle-treated) (n=15 each group). Daily intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin or saline was applied to animals from day 1 before operation to the end of experiment.Three mice were sacrificed at day 1,3,7,14 respectively and kidneys were harvested for further analysis.NIH3T3 cells were stimulated by TGF-β for 12 hours with the presence or bsence of rapamycin (100 nmol/L). Results Immunofluorescent co-staining revealed that active fibroblasts highly expressed pS6K and α-SMA in kidney interstitium.Administation of rapamycin significantly inhibited activation of mTOR signaling in fibroblasts and ameliorated interstitial fibrosis of obstructed kidneys.Real-time PCR confirmed that rapamycin decreased the mRNA expression of FSP1,TGF-β,CTGF and Col4A1 in fibrotic kidneys. In vitro experiment revealed that TGF-β induced highly expression of pS6K and αSMA in cultured NIH3T3 cells,which could be markedly inhibited by rapamycin. Conclusions mTOR signaling highly activates in interstitial fibroblasts during kidney fibrosis.Inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin decreases the activation of fibroblasts and ameliorates interstitial fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: It has confirmed that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril can delay fibrosis of varied organs. However, whether benazepril has inhabited effect on peritoneal fibrosis in the process of peritoneal dialysis is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: It is assumed that benazepril could inhabit peritoneal fibrosis of peritoneum with peritoneal dialysis, in addition, to compare the effect to other mehods. METHODS: All rats were randomly and evenly divided into 4 groups. There was no intervention in the control group; saline solution, and 20 mL 42.5 g/L Dianeal solution, was injected into rats in the saline solution and peritoneal dialysis groups; in the combination group, 20 mL 42.5 g/L Dianeal solution was injected combined with oral taken benazepril 20 mg/(kg·d). The intraperitoneal injection performed once a day, for 4 successive weeks. The ultrafiltration function was performed 4 weeks later. Meantime, Paraffin sections were cut and stained by Van Gieson to measure peritoneal thickness. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two rats in the peritoneal dialysis group and 1 rat in the combination group were dead. The remained 37 rats were included in the final analysis. Compared to the control and saline solution groups, the ultrafiltration volume of the peritoneal dialysis and combination groups were obviously decreased (P_(all)< 0.05), especially notably decreased in the combination group (P< 0.05). Compared to the control group end saline solution groups, the peritoneal thickness was significantly elevated in the combination group, but not as much as in the peritoneal dialysis group (P < 0.05). In the long-term peritoneal dialysis rats, administration of benazepril can effectively protect the ultrofiltration function of peritoneum and delay the progression of peritoneal fibrosis.

It had been proved by many evidences that several heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression is up-regulated in tissue-derived primary lung cancer, and HSPs may play important roles in development, in resistant to drugs and in prognosis of lung cancer. However, there have not still systemic research on which HSPs,especially HSP70 can be or not thought as a new biological target in the therapy to lung cancer. In order to address the expression and roles of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in lung adenocarcinoma, immunoblotting was performed to detect the expression of HSP70 in tissue specimens from lung adenocarcinoma which were diagnosed unambiguously by branch fibromicroscopy and were excised. It showed that in the normal lung tissues, the expression of HSP70 was less then that in cancer tissues. After down-regulation of HSP70 protein by HSP70 anti-sense oligonucleotides in A549 cell line, MTT assay showed that the proliferation of A549 cells was inhibited remarkably after the treatment with HSP70 antisense oligonucleotides and Act D. There had significant differential in HSP70 antisense treatment group followed by Act D treatment and Act D treatment group. Results of Hoechst33258 staining revealed that HSP70 antisense oligonucleotides could promote Act D-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells with a higher percentage of apoptotic cells (26.91?3.73)% than that of Act D-treated group (16.83?3.41)% (P

Objective To study the preventive effect of spironolactone on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN)in rats.Methods Sixty adult SD rats were random divided into sham operation group(C),diabetic nephropathy group(D)and spironolactone interventional group(A).After diabetes WaS induced by administrating strep tozotocin(STZ),spironolactone was perfused into the stomach of rats in group A.On the 7th,14th,21st,28th days after treatment,rats were put to death,their kidneys were removed to observe the expressions of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry method.The blood potassium,natrium,glucose, serum creatinine,cholesterol,triglyceride and urinary albumin quantification were measured.Results Urine protein in group A wag lower than that in group D.The blood potassium,natrium,glucose,serum creatinine,cholesterol and triglyceride had no difference between group A and group D(P＞0.05).Compared with group D,the expressions of TGF-β1 in group A Was decreased(P＜0.01),the expressions of MMP-9 in group A was hisher than that in group D(P＜0.01).Conclusion Spironolactone could decrease the expression of TGF-β1 and increase the expression of MMP-9 in the tubulointerstitial of diabetic nephropathy,which may delay the progress of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.