In recent years, more and more people were familiar with the immune protective effect of colostrum on newborn infants, especially on premature infants. But for very low birth weight infants, due to their own disease andimmature, they couldn′t be fed by oral in the early days of life, which reduced the immune protective effect of colostrum on the newborns. In order to make the very low birth weight infants get the protection, some scholarsput forward the earlyoropharyngeal administration of colostrum for very low birth weight infants. This paper would focus on the four aspects of oropharyngeal colostrumadministration, that was theoretical basis,safety, feasibility,operating standards and the effect.

Objective:To explore the needs of parents of hospitalized neonates with the challenges of implementing family-centered care during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods:Using a method of phenomenological interviewing and Colaizzi′s method of data analysis, the information of 18 parents of admitted infants of Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from January 1 to 20, 2022 were collected and analyzed.Results:In the post-epidemic era, 5 themes of needs for parents of hospitalized neonates during family-centered care were identified: closeness to babies; emotional support; training about feeding; accommodation services; financial support.Conclusions:In the post-epidemic era, experiencing worry, anxiety, uncertainty, helplessness, loss and other negative psychological experience, the parents of hospitalized neonates have many unsatisfied needs. Hospital administrators need to focus on the needs of parents for family-centered nursing care, and actively explore effective coping strategies.

【Objective】 To analyze the serological characteristics and molecular mechanism of a novel B subtype allele 803delC. 【Methods】 ABO blood group was detected by serological method. Sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) was used to detect ABO blood group genes. The coding region of exon 1-7 of ABO gene was detected by Sanger sequencing to determine the mutation site. 【Results】 Serological identification of patients was with forward O-type and reverse B-type. The result of PCR-SSP genotyping was A/O. There was A gene, which was not consistent with serological results. Further Sanger double-strand sequencing revealed that the C-base was deleted at position 803 of exon 7 on the basis of ABO^*B. 01/ABO^*O. 01.01. The mutation eventually leads to the amino acid substitution of p. Ala268Gly and p. Phe269Ser and the production of new open reading frame starting at position 269, with the new open reading frame No.20 amino acid being stop codon, resulted in the termination of B gene expression. Further single-strand sequencing of the ABO gene revealed that the mutation was located in the ABO^*B. 01 gene. The mutation was submitted to the NCBI database with the number OR343908. 【Conclusion】 A new ABO allele leading to B variant has been found in Chinese population. Genetic detection can be used to identify the ambiguous blood group with discrepancy between forward and reverse blood grouping.

Objective: To observe the changes in cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO₂) during neonatal blood exchange transfusion(BET) and its effect on the level of bilirubin in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: From January 2017 to March 2018, 52 newborns with severe hyperbilirubinemia were hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology, Children′s Hospital of Fudan University.Every newborn was treated with BET.Near infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor CrSO₂ in the process of BET.The monitoring lasted from 2 hours before the beginning of BET to 2 hours after the completion of BET.The CrSO₂ were recorded every 2 minutes and total surem bilirubin (TSB) and transcutaneous bilirubin(TCB) was measured.During this period, it is accompanied by the monitoring of neonatal body temperature, heart rate, respiration and bolld oxygen saturation(SpO₂). The differences in CrSO₂ changes at different time points during BET were compared.At the same time, the correlations between CrSO₂ and blood oxygen saturation, TSB and TCB levels were analyzed.The results of repeated measurement analysis of variance compared between the two groups were corrected by Bonfferoni. Results: Among the 52 children, there were 33 males (63.46%) and 19 females (36.54%). The gestational age, average birth weight and average head circumference of newborns were (38.6±2.1) weeks, (3 338±444) g and (33.6±3.2) cm, respectively.The Apgar score of newborn was (8.1±1.6) scores at 1 minute after birth.The level of TSB detected for the first time after admission was (457.9±97.8) μmol/L.The CrSO₂ after BET (74.6%-76.0%) was significantly higher than that before BET (69.4%-69.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that during BET, CrSO₂ showed a gradual upward trend, SpO₂ also showed a synchronous increase, while the level of bilirubin showed a downward trend, and the downward trend of TSB level was more obvious than that of TCB. Conclusions CrSO₂ can reflect the improvement of cerebral oxygenation during neonatal blood exchange transfusion and avoid cerebral hypoxia in the course of treatment.