The genetic adaptation of Plateau residents to hypoxia of low-pressure has been the hot spot for study. In terms of physiology, the adaptation involves the regulation responses of blood vessels, the changes in blood cells, antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism, as well as the hypoxia-induced changes in nuclear transcription. Physiological adaptation is heritable, so people who have already adapted themselves to high altitude are bound to be different, in regard to gene level, from the crowd who have not yet adapted themselves to high altitude environment. For this reason, researchers have studied a great deal of gene related-enzymes, the receptors, polypeptide, as well as transcription factors in body, and they found a number of the DNA polymorphism sites in the people who have adapted themsevles to high altitude being different from those in the people who do not get acclimatized. In this paper is reviewed the newest advance in research of these gene polymorphisms. The data could serve as references for further study of hypoxia genetic adaptation to high altitude.
Acclimatization ; genetics ; Adaptation, Physiological ; genetics ; Altitude ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics

Progressive dementia is described as the first and most prominent symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and hyperphosphorylation of microtubule associated Tau protein (MAPT) plays a key role in neurodegeneration and neuronal dysfunction in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. This paper reviews several protein kinases and phosphatases which can phosphorylate/dephosphorylate Tau protein, and evaluates a therapeutic strategy based on targeted inhibition of Tau kinases and activation of Tau phosphatases.
Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; tau Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology

This investigation was directed to the physiological load intensity in the curricula of track and field studies offered in 8 general colleges. We adopted the sampling survey method and monitored the heart rate of 80 first-year students who were from different grades in 8 colleges and were attending the track and field class. The data collected from these male student show: (1) The pre-exercise heart rate is 80 per minute; the first inflection point appears at 28 minutes after exercise; the heart rate is 132 per minute and the slope is -0.031. (2) The data of exercise load at mobilization stage and at fatigue stage are 90.09 and 104.126 kUw respectively; the data of lasting time are both 28 minutes, and the average heart rates are 133 per minute and 140 per minute respectively. The exercise load is 84.231 kUw at stable stage. (3) When the heart rates are 120-140 per minute and 140-150 per minute respectively, the ratios of load are 32.786% and 31.316% respectively. When the heart rate is 120-150 per minute, the ratio of load is 64.102%. But we are surprised to find that when the heart rate is 150-160 per minute, the ratio of load is only 17.639%. In the analysis of data from this investigation we have noticed that the physiological load intensity is in accord with the changing rule of body function. In order to further adjust the training plan and arrange the load of exercise rationally and promptly, we, the teachers, should pay adequate attention to the heart rate monitoring data on students.
Curriculum ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Education and Training ; Students ; Track and Field ; Universities ; Weight-Bearing ; physiology ; Young Adult