The immunopathogenosis of chronic hepatitis B is complex. The host immune response plays an important role in determining the turnover of chronic hepatitis B, which is impacted by HBV, host immune system and liver microenvironment. In clinical practice, interferin-α (IFN-α) which has both anti-virus and immuno-regulatary effect wins the advantage over nucleoside analogue. During treatment with INF-α, quantitative HBsAg can predict therapy early which can make physicians modulate individual therapy strategy and achieve better curative effect. To better understand the anti-HBV immune responses to chronic hepatitis B, scientists hope to explore more effective and potential immunotherapeutic strategies against this disease.

anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in patients with lymphoma.Methods Thirty-two adult patients with nonHodgkin' s lymphoma who received chemotherapy including anthracyclin were studied.After anthracyclin reached the cumulative doses of 200 and 400 mg/m-2,the changes in plasma BNP and echocardiography indices were investigated.Results After the cumulative anthracyclin reached doses of 200 and 400 mg/m2,serum BNP were respectively (292±7) ng/ml and (387±4) ng/ml,and were significantly increased when compared to the untreated (134±6) ng/ml (P ＜ 0.05).The parameter of diastolic functions ratio of peak early to peak late low velocity (E/A ratio)were 1.14±0.37 and 0.90±0.06,both showing significant decreases compared to the control (1.33±0.27) (P ＜ 0.05).In contrast,systolic function parameters left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) remained unchanged (P ＞ 0.05).After the cumulative anthracyclin reached 200 and 400 mg/m2,significant negative correlations were observed between the plasma BNP and the E/A ratio (r =-0.689,P=0.042; r=-0.557,P =0.006),but no associations between EF and FS were found (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Plasma BNP concentration appears to be a sensitive parameter for the early assessment of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

Objective To investigate the role of ribosomal protein S7(rpS7) in the defense of Anopheles dirus against infection. Methods rpS7 was amplified from Anopheles dirus hemocytes with degenerated primers designed according to the conservative region of S7, rpS7 was then cloned using T/A cloning kit and the inserted fragment was sequenced. The difference of the transcript abundance of rpS7 from Anopheles dirus hemocyte among non-blood-fed (N), normal-blood-fed (B) and Plasmodium yoelii infected groups (I) was also analyzed by RT-PCR and gel scanning system at d1, d2, d3, d4, d7 and d11 after blood feeding. Results There is no significant difference of rpS7 signal between the three groups. Conclusion Anopheles dirus S7 can be used as an internal control to study the role of Anopheles dirus related immune factors in Plasmodium infection.

Objective To serially examine virus carrying condition of clinical specimens collected from SARS patients, in order to evaluate the dynamic changes of virus in the bady and its clinical significance. Methods A total of 494 samples, including plasma, urine, feces, sputum and throat swab, obtained from 84 cases of clinically diagnesed SARS patients at different time-points were examined for the study. Nested RT-PCR was employed for the detection of SARS-CoV using 2 pairs of primers targeting P and N region of the viral genome. The amplified viral genomic fragments were confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. Results Specific bands for SARS-CoV were amplified from various specimens of some SARS patients. Highest positive rate was found in sputum compared with the others. However, simultaneous examination of more than two specimens increased detectable rate of the virus. Moreover, dynamic examination revealed that the highest positive rate occurred in the 2nd week after the onset of the disease and next to the highest during the 3rd to 4th week. However, dynamic detectable rates for different specimens were not identical. Conclusion Nested RT-PCR is a practicable method for the detection of SARS-CoV and helpful for the early diagnosis or confirmation of the disease. Dynamic examinations for SARS-CoV by combined employment of the N and P primers and by involving multiple specimens may significantly increase the positive detectable rate, therefore would be helpful in diagnosis and eratuation of therapeutic effect of SARS.

Objective To investigate forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (FoxP3) expression in peripheral blood and liver-infiltrating lymphocytes (LIL) of patients with hepatitis B. Methods Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR were employed for Fox P3 analysis of blood or live tissue obtained from patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB), chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB), as well as health controls. Results Fox P3 mRNA and protein expressions were specifically identified in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. The level of Fox P3 mRNA in CD4+ T cells was identical with that in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell in peripheral blood. In CSHB patients a significant increase of Fox P3 mRNA expression was found in peripheral blood. The mean relative FoxP3 mRNA levels of CD4+ T cells in CSHB patients, AHB patients, CHB patients, and healthy controls were 0.199?0.174, 0.053?0.017, 0.059?0.053, and 0.056?0.021, respectively (CSHB group vs. other groups, P all

As an important kind of plant secondary metabolites and widely distributed in the plant kingdom, triter-penoid saponins have a variety of biological activities. The constitution and content of triterpenoid saponin are deter-mined by some key enzymes and their expressing level in triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis pathway. So, it is very important to illuminate the molecular mechanism of triterpenoid saponins biosynthetic pathway. In recent years, illu-mination of the entire biosynthetic pathway especially the confirmation and cloning of the key enzymes, such as squa-lene synthase, squalene epoxidase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and UDP-glycosyltransferase, had become one of the hot spots by many scholars. In this paper, the entire biosynthetic pathway and some kinds of key enzymes in-volved in the synthesis of carbon skeleton, and its oxidation, and glycation were reviewed for further demonstrating the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid saponins and providing a theoretical basis for artificial biosynthesis.

Objective　To explore the relationship between hemolymph phenol oxidase and the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts in Anopheles dirus. Methods　An Anopheles dirus-Plasmodium yoelii system was used Anopheles dirus were divided into 3 groups, that is, non-blood-fedding (N), normal-blood-fedding (B) and infected-blood-fedding (I). The activities of MPO and o-DPO in hemolymph from 3 groups were determined with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and density scanning at 5, 7, 11 and 15 d after blood feeding. Results　Both MPO and o-DPO activity were significantly higher in group I than group N and B (P<0.05). But with the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts, both MPO and o-DPO activity in group I were decreased in comparison with group N, especially on the 15 th day after infected-blood feeding. MPO and o-DPO activity in group B were significantly stronger than those of group N. Conclusion　Blood feeding and infection of Plasmodium yoelii both can activate the cascade. The heamolymph phenol oxidase may play an important role in the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts in Anopheles dirus.

BACKGROUND:Osteosarcoma combined with pathological fracture was often treated by amputation. With clinical application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and improvement of technology and material of the prosthesis, the limbs of patients with osteosarcoma combined with pathological fracture were reserved. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of the application of custom-manufactured artificial total knee prosthesis replacement in limb salvage treatment for patients with osteosarcoma combined with pathological fracture. METHODS:A total of 11 patients with pathological fracture with osteosarcoma located in adjacent knee Joint were enrol ed from June 2002 to September 2012. In accordance with individual condition of the patient, limb salvage treatment was designed for knee prosthesis for a tumor. Fol ow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. There were six males (54.5%) and five females (45.5%) and their age ranged from 11 to 50 years old with an average age of 25.4 years old. Onset regions:seven tumors were located in the distal femur and four tumors were in the proximal tibia. Al patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and limb salvage treatment with custom-manufactured artificial knee prosthesis. The fol ow up was performed for 9 to 105 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In 11 patients after prosthesis replacement, the regional recurrence rates were 18%, lung metastasis rates were 36%. The five-year survival rate was 58%. Four patients developed lung metastases and died in 9 to 24 months postoperatively. During the last fol ow-up, Enneking score of the affected limbs was 11 to 30 points, averagely 23.3 points, with an excellent and good rate of 82%. Results indicated that combined with neoadjuvanet chemotherapy, the application of custom-manufactured artificial total knee prosthesis replacement in the treatment of osteosarcoma located in adjacent knee joint and pathological fracture achieved an ideal outcomes of the limb salvage treatment in the near future. The lone-term effectiveness was expected to be evaluated.

Objective To observe the effect of blood feeding and plasmodium yoelii infection on the transcript abundance of ribosomal protein S7 from Anopheles dirus hemocyte Methods Anopheles dirus of 3～5 days old were divided into normal group (N), blood feeding group(B) and Plasmodium yoelii infection group(I) Hemocytes of 50 Anopheles dirus from each group were collected by centrifuge method on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 11 after blood feeding, respectively Then, all hemocyte samples were used for total RNA isolation and analyzed by RT PCR Finally, the same volume(10 ?l) of all the PCR products from each group was used for agarose gel electrophoresis and the data obtained were analyzed statistically Results There was no significant difference in ribosomal protein S7 signal between the three groups Conclusion Similar to Anopheles gambiae and human rpS7, Anopheles dirus rpS7 might be also used as an internal control for the studies of the role of Anopheles dirus related immune factors in attacking Plasmodium infection

Objective To construct cDNA library from adults of Anopheles dirus for cloning the immune genes or related genes for malaria parasites development. Methods The mRNA of adult Anopheles dirus was isolated. The library was constructed by using the Zap Express vector(Stratagene) and the quality was evaluated. Results The efficiency of the library was 2.1?10 6 pfu/ml with 98% clones positive. The average length of the insert fragment was over 1 kb. Conclusion cDNA library of adult Anopheles dirus with high efficiency can be constructed by using the Zap Express library construction Kit (Stratagene).