The study was to investigate comparatively the changes of protein synthesis and amylase, chymotrypsin, lipase activity in pancreas from two groups rats fed with selenium deficient diet from a Keshan disease (KD) endemic area (Se: 0.021ppm) and KD diet supplemented with sodium selenite(Se: 0.264ppm). The rats fed with Xian's cereals were taken as the control group. The results of our observations suggest that the dietary selenium of 0.241ppm level is sufficient to stimulate inocroporation of [~3H]-Leucine in protein by rat pancreas slices, to increase activity of amylase, chymotrypsin and lipase, toi ncrease activity of GSH-Px and to decrease TBA value in rat pancreas. In addition, it increases body weight and decreases mortality in rats too. It seems that selenium, by the ways of stimulating protein synthesis and increasing activity of pancreasec enzymes, can protect the pancreas and lead to gain weight in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of benazepril on plasma copeptin and N terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in order to explore the mechanism of benazepril on ventricular remodeling.Methods Two hundred and thirty-eight patients with CHF were randomized into control group (n =118) and therapy group (n =120).Patients in control group were received regular treatment including medicine of treating cardiotonic diuretic and vasodilator for 6 months,while in therapy group were given benazepril beside regular treatment.The levels of copeptin,NT-proBNP were measured before and after treatment.The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD) and left ventricular end diastole diameter(LVEDD) were recorded and compared before and after treatment.Results In treatment group,the levels of copeptin and NT-pro BNP,LVEF,LVEDD,LVESD were (4.9 ± 1.3) pmol/L and (327.8 ± 226.8) ng/L,(33.5 ± 6.2) ％,(47.6 ± 8.9) mm,(60.2 ± 7.1) mm before treatment,different from that after treatment ((17.8 ± 7.9) pmol/L,t =7.331,P =0.008 ; (1 779.6±838.3) pg/mL,t =10.236,P =0.002; (50.5 ±5.2)％,t =3.336,P=0.009;(32.9 ±5.7) mm,t =2.767,P =0.010 ; (43.2 ± 5.6) rmm,t =2.882,P =0.009).After treatment the levels of copeptin,NT-proBNP,LVEF,LVESD and LVEDD in treatment were lower than that of control group(control group:copeptin:(10.5 ± 2.4) nmol/L; NT-proBNP:(1076.6 ± 486.6) pg/L; LVEF:(36.6 ± 5.6) ％ ; LVESD:(45.9 ± 6.8)mm; LVEDD:(57.5 ± 5.4) mm),and there was significant difference between groups (P =0.049,0.010,0.035,0.038,0.048 respectively).Conclusion Benazepril treatment could decrease the level of plasma copeptin and NT-proBNP in CHF patients,inhibit neuroendocrine and the ventricular remodeling,and then improve the heart function.

BACKGROUND: Both proximal femoral nail and hemiarthroplasty have been applied in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in osteoporotic patients. However, which has better curative efficacy is still under discussion.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of proximal femoral nail versus hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in osteoporotic patients.METHODS: Sixty-seven patients diagnosised with unstable intertrochanteric fractures and osteoporosis were selected,and were randomly divided into two groups, followed by treated with hemiarthroplasty (group 1, n=35)) and proximal femoral nail (group 2, n=32), respectively. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of incision, postoperative time in bed, hospitalization time and complications were recorded and compared between two groups. Harris hip scores were used to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative hip function.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the group 1, the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and length of incision were more than those in the group 1, and the postoperative time in bed was less than that in the group 2 (P < 0.05).However, the healing and hospitalization time did not differ significantly between two groups (P > 0.05). (2) No significant difference was observed in the excellent and good rate in Harris hip scores between two groups at the last follow-up (P >0.05). The postoperative pain scores in the group 1 were significantly superior to those in the group 2 (P < 0.05). (3)There were 1 case of delayed union and 1 case of lateral hip appearing with pain in the group 2. At the last follow-up, all patients healed completely, and no prosthesis dislocation, loosening or infection was found. (4) To condude,hemiarthroplasty provides early functional recovery and fewer complications, but with much surgical trauma. Proximal femoral nail shows similar treatment outcomes with hemiarthroplasty; therefore, it is a kind of alternative treatment strategy for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Objective To observe the effects of fasudil hydrochloride injections on the levels of endothdin(ET)-1,nitric oxide(NO)in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),and analyze,its mechanisms in preventing cerebral vasospasm(CVS).Method Sixty SAH cases were randomly divided into fasudil group(30 cases)and control group(30 cases).On 2nd and 10th day after in hospital,the speed of cerebral blood flow was measured by transeranial Doppier(TCD),and the levels of ET-1,NO in plasma and CSF were measured by radio-immunity.Results The incidence of CVS in fasudil group were significantly less than those in control group[6.67%(2/30)vs 36.67%(11/30),P<0.05].On the 10th day,the levels of ET-1 in plasma and CSF in fasudil group were signitlcandy lower than those in control group[(118.23±14.56)ng/L vs(132.26±15.18)ng/L,(138.23±16.58)ng/L vs (156.24±17.54)ng/L ](P<0.05),the levels of NO were significantly higher than those in control group [(88.25±15.54)μmol/L vs(70.26±14.86)μmol/L,(104.27±16.52)μmol/L vs(92.43 ±12.51)±mol/L](P<0.05).But there were no significant difference on the 2nd day(P>0.05).Conclusion Fasudil can reduce CVS in patients with SAH by lowering the levels of ET-1 and increasing the levels of NO in plasma and CSF.

Objective To knock out the entire LuxS gene of Streptococcus mutans UA159 strain via homologous recombination and construct a LuxS-deleted mutant strain of S.mutans.Methods The erythromycin resistance gene(Eymr)was inserted between the two DNA fragments located in the upper and downstream of LuxS gene that had been amplified by PCR.Then the two DNA fragments along with the inserted Eymr were engineered into pUCl9 plasmid to construct the recombination plasmid pUCluxKO.Electrotransformation of S. mutans cells with pUCluxKO-mutant resulted in the isolation of erythromycin resistant S.mutans,transformants,which was then subjected to polymerase chain reaction,Vibrio harveyi BBl70 luminescence bioassay and sequencing analysis.Results Restriction endonuclease analysis showed that pUCluxKOmutant vector had been successfully recombined.The deletion of LuxS of S. mutans mutants was confirmed bv PCR with primers specific for the genes of LuxS and the erythromycin resistance.S.mutans mutant could not induce bioluminescence.indicating the mutant had been successfully recombined.The constructed Chinese S.mutans showed good stability after 20 generations of cultivation.Conclusion The S.mutans gene allelic exchange plasmid is constructed correctively and a LuxS-negative mutant of S.mutans has been constructed.which can be helpful for further study of the role of LuxS in the pathogenesis of S.mutans.

Objective To study improvement of cognitive function impairment of vascular dementia rats induced by a permanent bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries (2VO) after administration of leptin in brain. Methods Hippocampal neurons was isolated and cultured from SD rats. At oxygen-glucose deprivation condition, protection role of leptin on hippocampal neurons was observed and expression of leptin receptor was detected. Animal model of rats was established by 2VO. Pre-treatment VaD model of leptin was established by administration leptin into hippocampus region. The Morris water test was performed to detect difference in the cognitive function between VaD group and control group. Neuron apoptosis in hippocampus tissue were determined with TUNEL. Results Leptin receptor expression could be seen in hippocampal neurons. After oxygen-glucose deprivation cultured for 12 h , plenty of apoptotic cells were seen in hippocampal neurons, apoptosis rat was up to (72.96 ± 6.25) % , while apoptosis rate was (46.33 ±7.85)% and (23.58 ±5.08)% in 1 ( μg and 5μg leptin treatment group,respectively. Compared leptin treatment group with control group,difference had a statistical significance(P<0.01). Compared with untreated VaD group, latency time was shorter and average velocity was increased in leptin-treat-ment VaD group. Neuron apoptosis in hippocampus tissue of leptin-treated group were different significantly from those of untreated group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Leptin could protect hippocampal neurons from apoptosis in vitro. Cognitive function impairment could be improved by administration of leptin into brain in VaD rats.

Anopheles dirus was fed with the mice of Kunming strain infected by plas-modium yoelii yoelii (By265 strain) for three or four days. Then the midgut and the salivary glands of the mosquitoes were examined. It was found that the infection rate of the malaria parasite of the midgut was 78.57% (44/56), but that of the salivary glands was only 4.88% (2/41) . After two passages of the malaria parasite through the mice and the mosquitoes, the infection rate of the salivery glands could be increased up to 13.96% (6/43).

Anopheles dims Peyton et Harrison, 1979 is an important malaria vector in Southeast Asia and China particularly in forested hilly zones. To establisha a laboratory mating colony for this mosquito is one of the subjects to be solved urgently in malaria research.This paper is to report our experience on breeding this mosquito. Ecological environment is created to simulate the natural conditions. The room-temperature of the insectary is 25?-28℃ and its relative humidity is around 80%.Mosquitoes are kept in cages with the si2e of 50 ? 50 ? 100cm. The larvae are fed with a mixture of de-fatted pig liver powder and yeast with a ratio of 1:3. The adults are fed with a mixture syrup containing 4% of orange juice, 10% of sucrose and other materials. The insectary is illuminated with a 3o w fluorescent light in the day time and a 15 w blue light in the night continuously to induce mating.The mating rate of the fourteenth generation reached 68% and the descendants bred can be used in research work now.

AIM:To cultivate the exoerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium yoelii in vitro and to study some involved affecting factors.METHOD:In vitro cultivation.RESULTS:The monolayer hepatocytes grown in 1 6 - mm plastic cell culture dishes were inoculated with sporozoite sus- pension prepared from Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes for48hours.At a final density of2? 1 0 4 cells per well,the infection rate of hepatocyte,cultured in medium supplemented wit15 % bovine serum,was 0 .0 35? 0 .0 1 3% ,the diameter of the nearly mature EEF of Plas- modium yoelii was up to40 .3? 31 .6 ?m,and contained more than1 0 0 nuclei,the number of EEF might be4- 1 0 /cm2 .An intraperitoneal inoculation of the EE schizonts to mice could induce parasitemia.At a final density of0 .5? 1 0 4 or4? 1 0 4 cells per well or the hepatocytes cultured in medium supplemented with1 0 % bovine serum,no EEF could be observed.CON- CL USION:The density of hepatocytes and culture medium are important for the cultivation of the EE stage of Plasmodium yoelii.This procedure will lay foundation for the further studies of the sporozoite invasion,the development of EEF and the affecting factors in- volved.

Objective To study the role of cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide(CpG ODN) on the development of Plasmodium liver stage.Methods Plasmodium yoelii BY265 18S rRNA was cloned,and the TaqMan real-time PCR was established on P.yoelii BY265 18S rRNA and mouse GAPDH as quantitative analysis model.The model was tested by the level of liver Plasmodium load with the liver cDNA in BALB/c mice infected by salivary gland sporozoites for 42 hours.Twelve BALB/c mice were randomly divided into CpG group,CpG control group and PBS control group which were injected respectively by ODN1826 30 ?g,ODN1826 control 30 ?g and 0.01 mol/L PBS 200 ?l via vena caudalis.Twenty-four hours later,each mouse was inoculated with 100 sporozoites.Mice were sacrificed in 42 hours after infection,and the liver load of Plasmodium was analyzed by TaqMan real-time PCR.Results The cloned Py BY265 18S rRNA gene showed 98% similarity to Py 17XNL.The quantitative analysis model consisted by 18S rRNA and GAPDH showed positive correlation between the level of liver Plasmodium load and the sporozoite inoculation dose to mice.The Plasmodium load in CpG ODN pre-treated mice was reduced to one fifth of the control group(0.28/1.33)(P