Background Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is one of the main air pollutants, and though China's NO₂ pollution has been improving year by year, it maintains at a high level, threatening the health of the population. Objective To investigate the effect of short-term exposure to atmospheric NO₂ on the coagulation indexes in obese and normal-weight young individuals and potential modification effect of temperature. Methods Based on a parallel control panel study design, this study recruited 53 normal-weight and 44 obese young individuals. Three prospective follow-ups were conducted. Air pollution data were obtained from the fixed monitoring station closest to the participant's residences, and personal air pollution exposure was simulated based on time-activity log and infiltration factor for the week before every follow-up. Temperature was collected from China Meteorological Data Service Center. Venous blood samples were taken to measure platelet (PLT) count, mean platelet volume (MPV), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), platelet aggregation rate (PAgT), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) during every follow-up. A linear mixed-effect model was used to assess the association between short-term atmospheric NO₂ exposure and the coagulation indexes of weight grouped young individuals, and a stratified analysis was used to explore potential modification effect of temperature. Results The median [interquartile range (IQR)] of personal atmospheric NO₂ exposure concentrations was 21.47 (8.01) µg·m⁻³. Short-term exposure to atmospheric NO₂ was significantly associated the increase of sCD40L and PAgT in the obese individuals, while the most significant association appeared at 5 d lag, and for each IQR increase in the average sliding exposure concentration of atmospheric NO₂ with a 5 d lag, sCD40L increased by 27.4% (95%CI: 4.2%, 56.6%) and PAgT increased by 37.5% (95%CI: 12.2%, 68.6%); short-term exposure to atmospheric NO₂ was significantly associated with the decrease of PLT and PAgT in the normal-weight individuals, while the most significant association appeared at 5 d lag or 7 d lag, and for each IQR increase in the average sliding exposure concentration of atmospheric NO₂ with a 5 d lag, PLT decreased by 11.8% (95%CI: −17.8%, −5.3%), and for each IQR increase in the average sliding exposure concentration of atmospheric NO₂ with a 7 d lag, PAgT decreased by 16.8% (95%CI: −30.6%, −0.4%). We didn't find statistically significant association of short-term exposure to atmospheric NO₂ with PLT in the obese individuals or sCD40L in the normal-weight individuals, nor statistically significant association between short-term exposure to atmospheric NO₂ and PAI-1, MPV, and sP-selectin in different weight grouped individuals. The stratified analysis found that short-term exposure to atmospheric NO₂ was significantly associated with PAgT in the normal-weight individuals, or with PLT, sCD40L, and sP-selectin in the obese individuals only at high temperature. Conclusions Short-term exposure to atmospheric NO₂ has adverse effects on the coagulation indexes of different weight grouped young individuals, and the obese individuals are more sensitive to it than the normal-weight individuals. High temperature can enhance the adverse health effect of short-term exposure to atmospheric NO₂.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of myocardial work related parameters in coronary ischemia patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)coronary ischemia using non-invasive left ventricular pressure strain loop(PSL),taking fraction flow reservation(FFR)as the gold standard.Methods From December 2020 to December 2021,53 clinically suspected CAD patients were prospectively enrolled.All patients underwent echocardiography,invasive coronary angiography and FFR measurement.According to the results of coronary angiography,patients were divided into myocardial ischemia group(n=24,FFR≤0.80)and non-myocardial ischemia group(n=29,FFR＞0.80).PSL was used for off-line analysis to obtain the global work index(GWI),global constructive work(GCW),global wasted work(GWW),global work efficiency(GWE),global positive work(GPW),and global systolic constructive work(GSCW)and other myocardial work parameters.The differences of parameter values between the two groups were compared.The diagnostic efficacy of work parameters in myocardial ischemia was analyzed by ROC curve.Results Compared with the non-myocardial ischemia group,GWI,GCW,GPW and GSCW were significantly decreased in the myocardial ischemia group at the 18-,16-,and 12-segment levels(P＜0.001).The ROC curve showed that the AUC results of GWI,GCW,GPW,GSCW at the 18-segment level were 0.803(95％CI 0.679-0.927),0.807(95％CI 0.687-0.928),0.822(95％CI 0.708-0.936),0.819(95％CI 0.703-0.935).The optimal cut-off value of GWI was 1 676.3 mmHg％,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of predicting myocardial ischemia were 70.8％,86.2％and 79.2％,respectively.The optimal cut-off value of GCW was 1 999.4 mmHg％,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of predicting myocardial ischemia were 75.0％,82.8％and 79.2％,respectively.Conclusions Analyzing myocardial work using PSL has good significance for screening suspected myocardial ischemia in CAD patients.

Objective:To explore the trajectory of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) in women of advanced maternal age and its influencing factors.Methods:From September 2021 to March 2023, convenience sampling was used to select women of advanced maternal age in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province as participants. Parturients were surveyed at one week, one month, six months, and 12 months after delivering using General Information Questionnaire, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Check-list-civilian Version, Social Capital Scale, and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The latent growth mixture model was used to analyze the trajectory of PP-PTSD.Results:A total of 467 questionnaires were distributed, and 456 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid rate of 97.64%. There were four types of PP-PTSD trajectories in women of advanced maternal age, namely non PP-PTSD type (71.27%, 325/456), early onset-gradual recovery type (12.06%, 55/456), early onset-prolonged type (9.21%, 42/456), and late onset-risk type (7.46%, 34/456). Univariate analysis showed that delivery mode, pregnancy complications, social capital, and psychological resilience were potential categories of influencing factors for the trajectory of PP-PTSD in women of advanced maternal age ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:There is population heterogeneity in the trajectory of PP-PTSD among women of advanced maternal age. It is recommended that medical and nursing staff dynamically monitor the PP-PTSD of women of advanced maternal age, identify their trajectory types early, and develop precise intervention measures based on classification.

Objective:To investigate differences in bacterial and fungal microbiome between infected nails and healthy nails among patients with onychomycosis.Methods:Nail scraping samples were collected from infected nails and healthy nails of 31 patients with onychomycosis, who visited Dalian Dermatosis Hospital from August 2020 to July 2021. The total DNA of nail microbiota was extracted, and the V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were amplified and sequenced using Illumina technology. The USEARCH and mothur softwares were used for data cluster analysis to obtain the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) , Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze α diversity, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) was performed to analyze β diversity, linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) was performed to evaluate the species difference.Results:Among the 31 patients with onychomycosis, 16 were males and 15 were females. According to the age, they were divided into young group (18 - 35 years old, 10 cases) , middle-aged group (36 - 60 years old, 11 cases) , and elderly group (over 60 years old, 10 cases) . As the α-diversity analysis revealed, the infected nail group showed significantly decreased Shannon index ( W = 290, P = 0.007) , but significantly increased Simpson index ( W = 663, P = 0.010) compared with the healthy nail group, suggesting that the diversity and evenness of bacterial communities were lower in the infected nail group than in the healthy nail group; however, there was no significant difference in the diversity of fungal communities between the infected nail group and healthy nail group. The β-diversity analysis based on the unweighted-UniFrac distance matrix showed no significant difference in the fungal or bacterial community composition between the infected nail group and healthy nail group (bacterial communities: R = 0.0052, P = 0.331; fungal communities: R = 0.0036, P = 0.337) ; the β-diversity analysis based on the weighted-UniFrac distance matrix showed significant differences in the abundance of bacterial and fungal communities between the two groups (both P = 0.001) . In terms of the species composition, the bacterial flora with significantly decreased abundance in the infected nail group compared with the healthy nail group included Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Ralstonia, Sphingomonas and Streptococcus, while the abundance of Bacilli, Bacillales and Staphylococcus was significantly higher in the infected nail group than in the healthy nail group. Compared with the healthy nail group, the fungal flora with significantly increased abundance in the infected nail group included Eurotiomycetes, Onygenales, Leotiomycetes-ord-incertae-sedis, Arthrodermataceae, Periconia, Erysiphe, Tilletiopsis, Trichophyton, Erysiphe cruciferarum, Trichophyton rubrum, Malassezia sympodialis, while the abundance of Saccharomycetes, Saccharomycetales, Saccharomycetaceae, Dothioraceae, Candida and Alternaria was significantly lower in the infected nail group than in the healthy nail group. Conclusion:The diversity and abundance of bacterial communities significantly differed between infected nails and healthy nails among patients with onychomycosis, while only the abundance of fungal communities differed between the two groups, and perhaps there was correlations between some bacterial and fungal communities.

Humans ; Air Pollutants ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Polysomnography ; Sleep ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

Background The health effects of forest therapy have been widely recognized, while the previous studies mostly focused on a single activity mode of forest walks. The effects of different types of forest therapy activities remain unclear. Objective To explore the effects of short-term forest therapy on cardiopulmonary health, psychological health, and sleep quality, and the health effects of different types of forest therapy activities, aiming to provide population empirical study data for the development of forest therapy. Methods A self-control study was conducted in a national forest park in suburb of Beijing from August to September 2018. A total of 31 healthy college students were recruited as the study subjects, with a total forest stay for 3 days and 2 nights. During the period of study, each subject practiced walking therapy, sitting therapy with five senses experience (sitting therapy thereafter), and handmade work therapy, successively. Each type of forest therapy lasted about 2 h. Changes of blood pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), lung function, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were estimated by measuring corresponding indicators before and after the forest therapy. Psychological health and sleep quality were assessed by Profile of Mood States and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index respectively at the same time. Mixed effects models were used to analyze the changes of these health indicators. The health effects of different types of forest therapy activities were further analyzed. Results The average age and body mass index of subjects in this study were (24.5±2.6) years and (20.7±1.7) kg·m⁻², respectively. After a short-term forest therapy, the selected indicators of cardiopulmonary health, psychological health, and sleep quality of subjects were all improved. In particular, the pulse pressure (PP) and FeNO decreased by 3.02 mmHg and 1.10 ppb, respectively, while the SpO₂ and peak expiratory flow (PEF) increased by 0.65% and 0.50 L·s⁻¹, respectively, and the negative emotion and global sleep quality also presented significant positive changes (all P<0.05). Furthermore, different therapy activities presented differential effects in the health indicators. Walking therapy significantly improved pulmonary function, SpO₂, and confusion (CON) emotion, in which the SpO₂, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), and forced vital capacity (FVC) increased by 0.48%, 0.14 L, and 0.12 L, respectively, and the score of CON decreased by 0.97 (all P<0.05). Sitting therapy significantly reduced blood pressure and tension (TEN) emotion of subjects, including a decrease of the systolic blood pressure (4.45 mmHg), PP (4.19 mmHg), and the score of TEN (0.84) (all P<0.05). The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased slightly after handmade work therapy (ΔDBP=2.44 mmHg, P=0.016), but there were no significant changes in other indicators. Conclusion Short-term forest therapy could significantly improve cardiopulmonary health, psychological health, and sleep quality of young healthy individuals, and different types of forest therapy activities may have differential health effects.

Background Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) could increase the risks of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). Nevertheless, previous published studies usually use a time period over relatively long durations as the exposure window, such as trimester-specific or gestational months, to identify adverse pregnancy outcomes related susceptible exposure windows for ambient air pollution. At present, no study has explored associations of weekly-specific ambient air NO₂ exposure around pregnancy with SGA and LGA. Objective To evaluate the associations of exposure to ambient NO₂ over the preconception and entire pregnancy period with risks of SGA and LGA, as well as to explore critical windows of NO₂ exposure by refining exposure period to specific weeks. Methods Based on a birth cohort established by the project Environmental and LifEstyle FActors iN metabolic health throughout life-course Trajectories (ELEFANT) situated in Tianjin, 10 916 singleton pregnant women whose dates of the last menstrual period and delivery were both between June 2014 and June 2016, and whose gestational age were within 24-42 completed gestational weeks were included in this study. Each pregnant woman's exposures to ambient NO₂ throughout 12 weeks before pregnancy and pregnancy period were matched with daily average NO₂ concentrations obtained from the Chinese air quality reanalysis datasets (CAQRA). Distributed lag models incorporated in Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to explore the associations of maternal exposure to weekly ambient NO₂ throughout 12 weeks before pregnancy and pregnancy period with risks of SGA and LGA after controlling for potential confounders including maternal age, ethnicity, educational level, occupation, body mass index before pregnancy, residence, times of gravidity and parity, smoking, alcohol consumption, husband smoking, and season of conception. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated per 3 μg·m⁻³ increase in ambient NO₂ concentrations. Results The average levels of maternal exposure to NO₂ over the preconception, first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, and entire pregnancy periods were (39.6±10.8), (42.7±10.5), (44.8±12.7), (37.7±11.1), and (41.6±4.8) μg·m⁻³, respectively. For a 3 μg·m⁻³ increase in NO₂ over the first trimester, the risk of SGA increased by 19.0% (95%CI: 8.0%-32.0%). For a 3 μg·m⁻³ increase in NO₂ over the preconception, first trimester, and entire pregnancy, the associated risks of LGA increased by 7.0% (95%CI: 1.0%-13.0%), 37.0% (95%CI: 29.0%-46.0%) and 19.0% (95%CI: 9.0%-31.0%), respectively. For SGA, the susceptible exposure windows for NO₂ were observed during the 7^th to 12^th preconceptional weeks and the 6^th to 12^th gestational weeks, with the strongest association found at the 12^th preconceptional week, when the risk of SGA increased by 6.0% (95%CI:3.2%-8.9%) for a 3 μg·m⁻³ increase in NO₂. For LGA, the susceptible exposure windows for NO₂ were observed during the 1^st to 12^th preconceptional weeks and the 1^st to 6^th gestational weeks, with the strongest association found at the 12^th preconceptional week, when the risk of LGA increased by 6.1% (95%CI: 4.5%-7.8%) for a 3 μg·m⁻³ increase in NO₂. Conclusion Exposure to ambient NO₂ is associated with increased risks of both SGA and LGA, and the most susceptible weekly exposure windows are nested within the 12 weeks before pregnancy and early pregnancy.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

OBJECTIVES: To understand the psychological status of the staff in a general hospital during the coronavirus disease 2019 and its influential factors, and to provide references for the mental health services to hospital staff. METHODS: Using star platform of questionnaire, the staff in the general hospital were investigated via Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). The influential factors were discussed by descriptive analysis, rank sum test, single factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple factors binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2 060 valid questionnaires were collected. The negative emotions of nurses and cleaners were the most obvious. The depression scores, anxiety scores and stress scores for nurses and cleaners were 5.06±7.47, 6.36±7.84, 9.75±8.65, and 6.72±8.84, 4.51±6.56, 9.69±9.56, respectively. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that staff types, education levels, job status, economic situation and concerns on the supplies of protective goods were the main influential factors for depression; staff types, contacting status with infected patients, economic situation, concerns on the supplies of protective goods, history of disease were the main influential factors for anxiety; contacting status with infected patients, economic situation, concerns on the supplies of protective goods were the main influential factors for stress. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in psychological characteristics among different groups of staff in the general hospital under the outbreak. Thus psychological protection and intervention measures should be formulated according to different groups and work status.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Anxiety ; diagnosis ; Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; diagnosis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Personnel, Hospital ; psychology ; Pneumonia, Viral ; psychology ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective:To analyze the subcellular localization of family of serine hydrolases 1 (FSH1) protein in Microsporum canis. Methods:The FSH1 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) genes were amplified by PCR using the previously constructed plasmid containing the FSH1 gene and the recombinant plasmid pCAMBIA-LRP-EGFP as the template; the vector DNA was obtained by double-enzyme digestion of the recombinant plasmid pCAMBIA-LRP-EGFP with SnaBI/KpnI. Then, the EGFP expression plasmid and Ptrcp-FSH1-EGHP-Ttrcp fusion plasmid were constructed by inserting the amplified EGFP gene and EGFP-FSH1 gene into the vector DNA respectively, and identified by PCR and sequencing. The two recombinant plasmids were transformed into Microsporum canis by an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method, and the gene EGFP and fusion gene FSH1-EGFP were expressed integratedly in Microsporum canis under the regulation by the fungal universal promoter Ptrpc and terminator Ttrpc. The cellular localization of the fusion protein was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results:The Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system and EGFP expression vector in Microsporum canis were successfully constructed; the fusion gene FSH1-EGFP was expressed integratedly in Microsporum canis. Laser confocal microscopy showed that fluorescence signals of the FSH1-EGFP fusion protein were concentrated in the cytoplasm and nuclei of Microsporum canis, with a granular or cluster-like appearance. Conclusion:The FSH1-EGFP fusion protein was successfully localized in the cytoplasm and nuclei of Microsporum canis, providing a basis for further clarifying the function and pathogenic mechanisms of the FSH1 gene in Microsporum canis.