A Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis C953 tube test was evaluated for its ability in detecting the residue of selected anticoccidial drugs in poultry, specically sulfamethazine, furazolidone, and amprolium. Various concentrations of each drug were injected into chicken liver and kidney tissues and these tissues were tested to determine the drug detection limits for each drug. The detection limit was defined as the drug concentration at which 95% of the test results were interpreted as positive. The limits of detection in liver tissue were 0.35 microgram/ml for furazolidone, 0.70 microgram/ml for sulfamethazine and 7.80 microgram/ ml for amprolium. In kidney tissues, they were 0.30 microgram/ml for furazolidone, 0.54 microgram/ml for sulfamethazine, and 7.6 microgram/ml for amprolium. It was concluded that this tube test could be used to screen for the residue of these three drugs in poultry.
Amprolium/analysis ; Animals ; Bacillus stearothermophilus/*drug effects ; Coccidiostats/*analysis ; Drug Residues/*analysis ; Furazolidone/analysis ; Kidney/chemistry ; Liver/chemistry ; *Poultry ; Sulfamethazine/analysis

The aims of this study were to investigate the changing pattern of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Jinju over a 15-year period. H. pylori strains were isolated from 170 adults living in Jinju from 1985-1989, 1990-1994 and 1995-1999, and from 23 adults living in Cheongju from 1995 to 1999. Susceptibility to erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, furazolidone, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and rifabutin was tested using the serial two-fold agar dilution method. Moxifloxacin resistance significantly increased in Jinju from 1985-1989 (0%) to 1995-1999 (14.9%) (p < 0.0001). Resistance to amoxicillin was increasesed trend to decreased trend from 1985 to 1999 (p = 0.033), whereas metronidazole resistance decreased from 37.5% to 21.3%. Resistance to furazolidone was greater from 1985-1989 (9.4%) than in 1995-1999 (2.1%). In comparing Jinju and Cheongju, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracycline and levofloxacin among H. pylori isolated from Jinju were lower than for isolates from Cheonju (p < 0.05). The levofloxacin resistance rate was higher in Cheongju than in Jinju (p = 0.02). No macrolide resistance was observed in Cheongju. Overall, we did not observe any remarkable antimicrobial resistance increase of H. pylori strains isolated from Jinju over 15 years. The MIC distributions of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistant rates were time- and region-specific among different strains. Future anti-H. pylori eradication regimens should be designed based on the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance according to the resident area.
Adult ; Agar ; Amoxicillin ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Aza Compounds ; Azithromycin ; Ciprofloxacin ; Clarithromycin ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Erythromycin ; Furazolidone ; Helicobacter ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Metronidazole ; Ofloxacin ; Quinolines ; Rifabutin ; Tetracycline

To investigate the efficacy of bismuth containing quadruple therapies on Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication in patients with history of antibiotic treatment. 
 Methods: Hp infected patients (n=327) were allocated into 3 groups. Group A (n=52), patients had no antibiotic history and they took medicine of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and livzon triple (clarithromycin, tinidazole, and bismuth); group B (n=80), patients had the antibiotic history except for amoxicillin and clarithromycin, and they were treated with PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and bismuth; group C (n=195), patients suffered failures of Hp therapy or with history of antibiotic abuse, and they were treated with PPI, doxycycline, furazolidone, and bismuth.
 Results: Both the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (group A 63.5%, group B 76.2%, group C 82.6%, P<0.05) and the pre-protocol (PP) analysis (group A 76.7%, group B 92.4%, group C 96.4%, P<0.05) showed significant difference among the 3 groups, revealing higher elimination in group B and C. The side-effects (20.2%) were mild and tolerable (group A, 28.0%; group B, 10.7%; group C, 22.0%).
 Conclusion: Proton pump inhibitors together with the livzon triple regimen have a low rate of Hp eradication and a higher incidence of adverse reactions. The quadruple therapy containing clarithromycin and metronidazole drugs can achieve the satisfactory outcomes based on patient's antibiotic history. For patients with multiple antibiotics, the quadruple therapy containing furazolidone and doxycycline may achieve the satisfactory outcomes, but the adverse resction would be relatively higher.
Amoxicillin ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bismuth ; therapeutic use ; Clarithromycin ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; methods ; Furazolidone ; therapeutic use ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Metronidazole ; therapeutic use ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Tinidazole ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To examine the infection and bacteria resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) to clarithromycin and furazolidone,to determine whether the antibiotic resistance is primary or secondary, and to decide if a new H.pylori infection plays a role in eradication failures. METHODS: Twenty one H.pylori had been isolated from human biopsy specimens, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. DNA fingerprints were generated using random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to determine the identity of H.pylori before and after the eradication therapy. RESULTS: Eight bacteria resisted against clarithromycin, and one against furazolidone, with the resistant rates 38.1% and 4.8% respectively. The number of primary antibiotic resistance, secondary resistance and new infection was 1 for each. CONCLUSION Resistance to clarithromycin is more common compared with that to furazolidone. Development of primary and secondary resistance to clarithromycin occurs as a rule in eradication failures. New H.pylori infection plays a role in eradication failures.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Clarithromycin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Furazolidone ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4 kinds of triple strategy of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication. METHODS: A total of 307 patients who suffered from Hp infection, confirmed by rapid urease test (RUT) and 14C-urea breath test (UBT),were randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group had 80, 76, 77, and 74 patients respectively. Group A was treated with rabeprazole, clarithromycin, and furazolidone (RCF); Group B with ranitidine bismuth citrate, clarithromycin, and furazolidone (BCF); Group C with rabeprazole, amoxicillin, and furazolidone (RAF); while Group D with ranitidine bismuth citrate, amoxicillin, and furazolidone (BAF). Hp was detected by RUT and UBT at 4 weeks after later treatment. RESULTS: Hp eradication rates of group A,B,C, and D were 90.0%,67.1%,62.3%,and 45.9%,respectively. The difference between Group A and Group B, Group A and Group C was significant (P<0.05). Eradication rate of Group B and C was higher than that of Group D (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the eradication rate of Group B and C, and among the side effects of the 4 groups. CONCLUSION The strategy of RCF was the best among the 4 triple strategy of Hp eradication, which can be used clinically.
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles ; administration & dosage ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; administration & dosage ; Clarithromycin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Duodenal Ulcer ; microbiology ; Female ; Furazolidone ; administration & dosage ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rabeprazole ; Stomach Ulcer ; microbiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of birid triple viable on peptic ulcer patients with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection. METHODS: A total of 120 peptic ulcer patients with H.pylori infection was randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group was treated with the triple therapy including Esomeprazole, Amoxicillin, and Furazolidone. The treatment group was treated with the same triple therapy plus birid triple viable. The pH values of the gastric juice, bacterial culture of the gastric juice, the therapy-related side effects and the healing rate of ulcer and erosive were observed before the treatment and after a 14-day-treatment respectively. The (14)C-urea breath test((14)C-UBT) was used to evaluate the H.pylori eradication rates 4 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: After the treatment, pH values of the gastric juice in both groups were significantly higher than those before the treatment (P<0.05). When pH values of the gastric juice ≥4, the positive rate of bacterial culture in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group (80.0% and 97.4% respectively, P<0.05). The rate of adverse effects in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (11.7% and 30% respectively, P<0.05).After a 2-week treatment, the healing rate of ulcer and erosion was 80% and 68.7% in the treatment group, and 73.3% and 40.7% in the control group. The healing rate of ulcer had no significant difference in the 2 groups (P>0.05),while the healing rate of erosion in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).The H.pylori eradication rates evaluated by per-protocol (PP) analysis in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (80.4% and 62.4% respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION The combined use of birid triple viable and the triple therapy of H.pylori in peptic ulcer patients with H.pylori infection can reduce the bacteria of the gastric juice and therapy-related side effects. It can increase the H.pylori eradication rate and promote the healing of erosion.
Adult ; Amoxicillin ; administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; administration & dosage ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Esomeprazole ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Furazolidone ; administration & dosage ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; physiology ; Male ; Peptic Ulcer ; drug therapy ; microbiology