Objective:To investigate the reliability of tooth color-measuring by using digital cameras.Methods: 3D-Master shade guide system was measured by Canon EOS D60,CRAIC QDI2000 micropectrophotometer and ShadeEye-NCC directly.The data collected from the three methods were analyzed statistically to evaluate the reliability of the data measured by digital cameras.Results:There was no significant difference between the data measured by digital cameras and ShadeEye-NCC statistically;while that existed between the parameters of L* collected by digital cameras and microspectrophotometer were obviously co-related(P

The disability and mortality of cerebrovascular diseases are high,and they cause significant harm to human health.A number of studies have found that a great many factors participated in the pathophysiological processes of cerebrovascular diseases including Rho-associated kinse.This article reviews the mechanisms of action on Rho-associated kinase in the pathophysiological processes of cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To determine the influence of Fe2O3 coloring method to the mechanical and transparency parameter of dental zirconia.Methods Presintered zirconia blocks were coverd with zirconia powder blended with different ratio of Fe2O3,then sintered to 1450℃.Mechanical property and transparency parameter were calculated.Results The L* value was in the range from 64.91 to 90.94.The a* value was in the range from 1.27 to 12.70.The b* value was in the range from 1.02 to 38.66.There was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) of the flexural strength and in each group with the increase of Fe2O3.Conclusion This method produced dental zirconia specimens with light yellow to amber brown colors with the increase of Fe2O3 and no significant influence of mechanical property and transparency.

The habenula complex,an ancient and conservative nucleus during biological evolution, is involved in many i mportant biological functions,such as maternal behavior,pain,sleep,learning and reward.As an important node in the dopamine reward network,its functions(including the maintenance of individual survival while avoiding disadvantages)and mechanis m in the reward process have attracted wide attention.The dysfunction of habenula is closely related to many psychotic disorders,such as de-pression,schizophrenia and drug habituation.Habenula may also become a potential target for clinical treatment of these mental illnesses.So clarifying the role and neurobiological mechanisms of habenula in the central nervous system is of great theoretical and clinical value.

Objective To find out the problems in information service for diabetic patients by investigating their use of information service. Methods The enthusiasm and channels to access information in diabetic patients and the types of information they wanted were investigated in 14 Wuhan hospitals, which were analyzed by descriptive sta-tistics, chi-square test, and Five-Point Likert Scale scoring. Results About 1/3 of the patients never initially searched the health information on diabetes,the majority of the patients acquired the health information on diabetes from medical institutions,diabetic patients did not show enough concern for the information on the etiology,influencing factors and treatment plan of diabetes. Conclusion Diabetic patients lack of enthusiasm to access information,medical staff and medical institutions are the chief force of information service for diabetic patients, and the special informa-tion accessed by diabetic patients is quite less.

Objective To explore the changes of serum IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 on intracranial infection and its prognosis .Methods Totallly 100 patients with intracranial infection during February 2011 to December 2013 were selected as the research object .In 100 cases of intracranial infection patients ,30 cases were cured (group A) and 52 cases improved (group B) ,18 cases of illness or death as poor prognosis group (group C) .Serum IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 content of the subjects in different time point were detected .Results One day After infection ,serum IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 levels in intracranial infection group were obviously higher than that of healthy control group (P< 0 .01) ;7 d after infection ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 average level among 3 groups had obvious changed(P< 0 .05) ,7 d after in‐fection ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 level of group B and group C was significantly higher than group A (P< 0 .05) ;and in group C ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 was higher than group B (P< 0 .05) .7 d after infection ,the IL‐6 IL‐ 10 level of group A declined ,the IL‐6 ,IL‐ 10 levels of group B be‐gan decreasing 14 d after infection ,and the IL‐6 ,IL‐10 levels of group C had been in a rising trend .3 d after infection ,the PLA2 leves among 3 groups had obvious changed(P< 0 .05) ,7 d after infection ,the change rate increased ,7 d after infection ,PLA2 level of group B and group C was significantly higher than group A (P< 0 .05) ,and in group C ,PLA2 was higher than group B (P< 0 . 05) .7 d after infection ,the PLA2 level of group A declined ,in group B and group C ,PLA2 level began to decline significantly 14 d after infection .Conclusion IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 are closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of intracranial infection .

BACKGROUND: Resin adhesives include total-etching, self-etching and one-step adhesive. The studies concerning their adhesive properties remain different.OBJECTIVE: To compare the bonding strengths of fiber posts cemented to root canals with etch-and-rinse adhesives and self-etch adhesives, and to observe the physical interface bonding conformation using laser scanning confocal microscope so as to understand the retention of macro-and micro-morphology relationship.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: In vitro comparative observation was performed at the laboratories of Prosthodontics and Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from March 2008 to March 2009.MATERIALS: MATCHPOST fiber posts (Bisco, USA); etch-and-rinse adhesives (One-step, Bisco, USA) and self-etch adhesives (Panavia F adhesive system, Japan), fluorescein (Sigma, USA).METHODS: A total of 10 upper central incisor teeth, which had been freshly extracted for periodontal reasons, were selected,and the crown, 1 mm from the enamel-cementum junction, was cut. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 5 specimens in each group. The fiber posts were bonded to root canals with One-Step or Panavia F which was tagged with rhodamine B.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Each specimen was sectioned into two 2 mm-thick slices. A push-out test was made in a universal testing machine (EZ20), and confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) analysis was performed to evaluate the primer penetration into dentin. The thickness of adhesive layer was measured by random software.RESULTS: The bonding strength of the group cemented with One-step was significantly greater than Panavia F (P < 0.05). The bonding strength of root crown was significantly greater than root apex (P < 0.05). One-step represented in CLSM image showed numerous and longer resin tags than Panavia F (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Etch-and-rinse adhesives (One-step) gained higher bonding strengths than self-etch adhesives (Panavia F).Resin binder to bond strength of fiber post and neck was greater than in the root apex.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of endovascular stenting on the patients with drop attacks caused by carotid artery or vertebra-basilar artery stenosis.Methods Two drop attacks patients,who were diagnosed with symptomatic carotid artery or vertebra-basilar artery stenosis by DSA,were performed endovascular stenting.Case one had four serious artery stenoses at basilar artery,left vertebra artery and subclavian artery.Case two had double internal carotid artery.Six stents were placed,and filter protection devices were used in case two.After operating,the flowing up was performed for nine months or two years.Results The clinical symptoms of two patients were disappeared after operation.Case one performed flowing up for 9 months after operation,but he died by infarction of brain stem for his irregular taking medicine for 3 months since 6 months after operation.During flowing up for 2 years,case two was no relapse and no restenosis by DSA peoformed at 1 year after operating.Conclusions Endovascular stenting is a safe and efficient method for treating the patients with drop attacks caused by carotid artery or vertebra-basilar artery stenosis.

Objective To observe the expression of the Rho kinase in perihematomal cerebral tissue after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and the relationship between which and the neurological function deficit.Methods The ICH models rats were randomly divided into groups 1 d,3 d,5 d and 7 d after ICH.At the certain time point,the score of neurological function in each model was measured before killed.The expression of Rho kinase protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.Results After ICH 1 d,3 d,5 d and 7 d groups,the scores of neurological function were 1.63,2.25,3.13 and 2.88,respectively;the number of Rho kinase protein positive cells in perihematomal cerebral tissue were 26.63,30.75,38.88 and 35.00,and the number of Rho kinase mRNA positive cells were 27.25,32.25,40.88 and 38.00,respectively.There were significantly differences among the groups 1 d,3 d and 5 d in the scores of neurological function and the expression of the Rho kinase protein and mRNA(P

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase,which plays an important role in cerebral ischemia.It mainly stabilizes cerebral vascular endothelium,prevents vascular stenosis and the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects after cerebral ischemia.This article reviews the protective effects of STRT1 and its related mechanisms in cerebral ischemia.