Objective To explore the expression and significance of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in experimental bacterial meningitis.Methods A juvenile rat bacterial meningitis model was established by direct intraeisternal injection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Uninfected control animals were mock-infected with sterile saline.The transcription and expression of SHP2 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques respectively at 1,3,7 and 14 days after infection.White blood cell(WBC)count,concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)were also measured.Variables that were not normally distributed were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test.Multiple comparison used Student-Newman-Keuls(SNK).The association between variables was assessed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient.Results Compared with uninfected controls,rats with bacterial meningitis showed a significant upregulation of SHP2 at both mRNA and protein levels(F=12.74,P<0.01;F=198,P<0.01).S HP2 mRNA levels peaked at 3 days after infection increasing more than five fold and remained at high levels at 7 days.In parallel,SHP2 protein levels began to increase at 3 days after infection,reaching a maximal increase of nearly nine fold at 7 days and remained at high levels at 14 days. Immunohistochemical analysis of SHP2 expression in the juvenile rat brain demonstrated that SHP2 labelling cells,identified as neuronal and glial cells,widely distributed in the cerebral cortex and the increased immunoreactive cells around the third ventricle were mainly glial cells.In addition,the protein levels of SHP2 and WBC counts were significantly correlated with each other(r=0.77,P<0.01),while there were no significant correlations between levels of SHP2 and TNF-a (r=0.08,P>0.05).Conclusions SHP2 may participate the pathological progress of the bacterial meningitis,restrating the inflammation and accelerating the renovation,so it can be regard as an index to measure the state of the illness.

Objective To assess the significance of the right paraesophageal node(Ⅵb area) dissection in cN0 stage papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)central lymph node dissection.Methods The clinical data of three hundred and five cN0 PTMC patients who underwent radical thyroidectomy from 2010 to 2015 was retrospectively analyzed.The metastasis rate of central compartment(Ⅵa area.Ⅵb area)and the clinical data were collected and analyzed.Results 305 cN0 stage PTMC patients underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central compartment dissection or right lobectomy combined with ipsilateral central compartment dissection,the mean diameter of the tumors was 6.75 mm.The incidence rate of central compartment metastasis was 35%.The incidence rate ofⅥb area metastasis was 11.1%.The status ofⅥb area metastasis was correlated with major clinicopathologic parameters such as sex,age<45,tumor diameter≥0.8 cm,bilateral multiple lesions, capsule invasion,VI a lymph node metastasis≥3 were all related risk factors of PTMC VIb area metastasis(χ2=6.913,4.241,4.517,5.185,12.400,34.745,P<0.05).Conclusion Because of the high rate of central lymph node metastasis in patients with PTMC and the poor efficiency in the evaluation for central lymph node metastasis before operation,the right paraesophageal lymph nodes(Ⅵb area)dissection is needed to be done in cN0 stage PTMC patients with tumor size≥0.8 cm,multifocal lesions,membrane invasion,Ⅵa area metastasis≥3,especially male patients.

Objective: To investigate the possibility and diagnostic efficiency of ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT bone scan after oral administration (PO) by comparing with that of intravenous injection (IV). Methods: Fifty patients (19 males, 31 females; average age: (52.8±11.7) years) with cancer who underwent PET/CT scans after oral and intravenous administration of ¹⁸F-NaF respectively with an interval of 2-7 d from June 2015 to September 2016 were prospectively enrolled. Single-phase ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT was performed 60 min after IV, and dual-phase ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT was performed 60 and 120 min after PO. All PET/CT images were reviewed, lesions were counted, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) and target/non-target (T/NT) ratios were calculated and compared. Paired t test was used. Results: Forty-one patients (15 males, 26 females; average age: (53.5±10.4) years) who finished all PET/CT scans were enrolled. The images at 120 min after PO was visually similar to the images at 60 min after IV. Three modalities detected the same cases and lesions (35 positive cases: 25 malignant, 8 benign, 2 cases with indefinite diagnosis; 302 lesions: 172 malignant, 108 benign, 22 ambiguous lesions). The SUV_{max-PO60 min} and SUV_{max-PO120 min} were lower than the SUV_{max-IV60 min} in the same lesion (18.22±12.64, 26.60±19.49 vs 28.07±16.34; t values: -12.36 and -3.59, both P<0.05). A total of 194 lesions were included for T/NT ratio analysis. T/NT_{IV60 min}, T/NT_{PO60 min} and T/NT_{PO120 min} were 2.76±1.30, 2.87±1.50, 2.98±1.42, respectively, and T/NT_{PO120 min} was higher than T/NT_{IV60 min} (t=3.18, P<0.05). Conclusion ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT images after PO, especially at 120 min post-PO, has similar diagnostic power of lesion-detection and SUV_max-measurement with IV.