To show the protective effect of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on macrophages under oxidative stress,we investigated the effect of M-CSF on RAW264.7 cells incubated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tbOOH) using L929 cell conditioned medium (L929-CM) as the source of M-CSF.The results showed that M-CSF could alleviate the tbOOH- induced oxidative injury to RAW264.7 cells.We also found that M-CSF could improve superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the cells.MnSOD mRNA expression was also shown to be increased by RT-PCR technique,and the induction could be blocked by actinomycin D.So,we concluded that M-CSF could protect RAW264.7 cells from oxidative injury through inducing MnSOD expression.

AIM: To uncover the effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in trophoblasts. METHODS: The semi-quantitative method of reversely transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to investigate the expression of VEGF in trophoblast-derived JEG-3 cell line. RESULTS: VEGF 121 , VEGF 165 and VEGF 189 was shown to express in JEG-3 cells. After incubated with 0, 50, 500, 5 000 , 25 000 U/L hCG for 48 hours respectively, the expression of VEGF (including its 3 isoforms: VEGF 121 , VEGF 165 , VEGF 189 ) was induced gradually with the concentration of hCG increased. Furthermore, VEGF mRNA expression in JEG-3 cells incubated with 25 000 U/L hCG experienced a transient increase before a less significant decrease. CONCLUSION: The autocrine of VEGF might be involved in the effect of hCG on trophoblast or trophoblast-derived choriocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness.

Objective:To investigate the influences of laparoscopic surgery on Th1/Th2 balance in patients with uterine myomas.Methods:In a prospective study,the number of the Th subsets,Th1/Th2 ratio,the serum level of IL-18 and IL-10 in 20 patients submitted to laparoscopic operation and 20 patients undergoing conventional open operation were evaluated preoperatively as well as 2,24,48 h postoperatively.Results:The level of Th1 cell,IL-18,and the Th1/Th2 ratio decreased significantly (laparoscopic group: P

Objective　To investigate the effects of leptin on steroidogenesis of human luteinized granulosa cell in vitro. Methods　Human luteinized granulosa cells were isolated from follicular fluid obtained during oocyte retrieval of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program and were cultured with M199 medium plus various concentration of leptin (0, 10, 30, 100, 300 ng/ml)，human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 IU/ml) and testosterone 100 μg/ml. For 2 days the media were collected for estradiol and progesterone measurements. Results　Addition of leptin alone did not alter estradiol and progesterone production (P>0.05) by human luteinized granulosa cells. Leptin of 10～30 ng/ml concentrations caused a dose-dependent inhibition of estradiol production (P<0.05) while greater than 0.5 IU/ml of hMG were added. There was no effect of leptin on hMG -stimulated progesterone production (P>0.05). Conclusion　Leptin can directly inhibit hMG-stimulated estradiol production by human luteinized granulosa cells in vitro, but has no effect on progesterone production. Leptin may play an important role in follicle development and luteinization.

Objective To study the expression of a virulent novel gene F10 associated with hydatidiform mole in the hepatoma carcinoma cells(HCC),and to explore the effects of F10 on the occurrence and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC).Methods The full-length cDNA sequence of F10 was obtained from the samples of early pregnant chorionic villi and hydatidiform mole by employing suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray techniques.The hepatocarcinoma tissues and their surroundings were examined by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled of F10 gene.The real-time-fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR)was used to quantitatively detect the expression level of F10 gene in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.F10 gene RNA copies in the samples were examined in the hepatocarcinoma tissues samples and their surroundings with PHC by PE ABI 7000 Sequence Detector.Results F10 mRNA was detected in hepatocarcinoma cells with positive signals found in kytoplasm and cell membrane,but not detected in the tissues surrounded the hepatocarcinoma.In 6 of 8 PHC samples,the expression Level of F10 gene was higher in tumor tissues than that in the tissues surrounded the tumor tissue.Among them 2 cases showed more than 4 times over-expression of F10 gene in tumor cells than in the surrounded tissues.Conclusion The virulent new F10 gene associated with hydatidiform mole was mainly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.The results of present study suggested that the higher expression of F10 gene not only showed a close relation to trophoblastic tumor,but also indicated that the F10 gene may play an important role in the occurrence and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To perfect gene profile expressed in pre-implantation embryos. Methods Using nested RT-PCR to investigate the expression of seven imprinted genes: P57~ KIP2, LIT1, TSSC3, GRB10, PEG3, ARHI, and ZAC1 in human oocytes and pre-implantation embryos. Results Transcripts of P57~ KIP2 and ZAC1 were detected in human oocytes and at all stages of pre-implantation; LIT1 was expressed only in stages of 8-cell and blastocyst; transcripts of TSSC3 could not be detected; GRB10 mRNA could be detected in oocytes and pre-implantation embryos except for 2-cell embryo; ARHI was expressed in oocytes and 2,8-cell embryos and blastocyst; Peg3 mRNA existed in 4,8-cell embryos and blastocyst. Conclusion Except for TSSC3, transcripts of the other six imprinted genes are detected in human pre-implantation development, which are helpful for pre-implantation diagnosis of imprinted diseases, and provide the theoretical basis for understanding the correlation among assisted reproductive technology, genetic imprinted diseases and tumor.

Objective To investigate the expression of human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis (EM). Methods The expression of HLA-G protein was detected in ovarian endometriosis (OEM) and adenomyosis (AM) using immunohistochemistry method, and the expression of HLA-G mRNA was detected using in situ hybridization technique (ISH), to compare with that in the endometrium of hysteromyoma as the control group. Results The rate of positive HLA-G expression in EM (including AM and OEM) was significantly higher than that in control group (P0.05). The expression of HLA-G protein showed no relation with different clinical phase or different endometrial cycle. Conclusion HLA-G is overexpressed in EM, which may play certain role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

AIM: To study the change of some metabolism-associated genes expression in preeclamptic placenta. METHODS: The mRNA expression levels of metabolism-associated genes in preeclamptic or normal placenta were detected by employing complementary DNA microarray representing over 220 human hormone-associated genes. RESULTS: Many redox metabolism-related genes (GenBank: U78168, X16699, D32143, AL035079, AF069668, X53463, J03746, X02317, X91247, etc) were highly expressed in preeclamptic placenta compared with normal placenta. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of some genes which were related to other metabolism such as hormone (GenBank: NM -001718, Z22535, M38180, M76665, X75252, J03258, U56725), were also highly expressed in preeclamptic placenta.CONCLUSION: The change of genes expression in placenta is associated with the change of metabolism in patients sufferring from preeclampsia.

Objective:To explore whether human chorioic gonadotrophin(hCG) might change the invasiveness of trophoblast by regulating the prodution of TGF-?3. Methods: The effect of hCG on TGF-?3 mRNA expression in JEG-3 cells was investigated by employing the semi-quantiative method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-TCR). Results:TGF-?3 was shown to be expressed in JEG-3 cells. After incubated with 0,50,500,5 000,25 000 mU/ml hCG for 48 hours respectively, the expression of TGF-?3 in JEG-3 cells increased gradually with the concentration of hCG increased. Additionally,TGF-?3 mRNA expression in JEG-3 cells incubated with 25 000 mU/ml hCG experienced a significant induction at 30 h point which was followed by a less significant decrease.Conclusion:The autocrine of TGF-?3 might be involved in the effect of hCG on trophoblast or trophoblast-derived choriocarcinoma cell invasiveness.