OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and effect of influenza vaccination among some elderly population and their cognition of influenza vaccination in Shenzhen Pingshan district， and to provide reference for improving the vaccination willingness of the elderly population. METHODS Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the status quo of influenza vaccination among some elderly populations in Pingshan district； the Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influential factors of influenza vaccination； the serum antibody levels of the elderly population were analyzed before and after influenza vaccination. RESULTS Totally 140 effective survey question naires were collected from elderly. The elderly who participated in the survey had a better cognition of the main transmission mode of the influenza virus， 122 people answered correctly， and the accuracy was 87.1%. Age， knowledge that influenza vaccine should be given once a year and knowledge of Shenzhen’s free vaccination policy were the promoting factors for influenza vaccination behavior among the elderly. The positive rates of the four influenza antibodies （type A H1， type A H3， type B Victoria， type B Yamagata） after inoculation were higher than before inoculation， with statistical significance. The antibody titer levels after vaccination were generally higher than before. CONCLUSIONS The positive rate of antibody testing and antibody titer in the elderly population after influenza vaccination are higher than before， which effectively protects the health of the elderly population. It is necessary to continuously improve the awareness of the elderly population about influenza vaccination and free vaccination policies.