OBJECTIVE: This paper presents a method for treating maxillary neuralgia, the second division of trigeminal nerve. METHOD: One hundred and thirty six cases with 136 trigeminal neuralgia were treated from 2004 to 2011. All patients were treated with endoscopic surgery at the pterygopalatofossa through approach to the maxillary sinus for resecting maxillary nerve and infraorbital nerve. RESULT: One hundred and eighteen patients were relieved after operation and no recurrence of neuralgia was occurred after 2 to 8 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION This method had the advantages of avoiding to operate craniotomy with no complications, which was performed easily with valid efficacy.
Aged ; Denervation ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Nerve ; surgery ; Maxillary Sinus ; innervation ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; surgery

In recent years,the morbidity of colorectal cancer (CRC) has gradually increased,and trends to be younger.There are 1.2 million new patients suffering from CRC in the worldwide each year.Even undergoing radical mastectomy,there are still 25％ ～ 40％ of patients complicated with heterochronic liver metastasis simultaneously.The colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) has become one of the difficulties and the major cause of death,which is diagnosed in 20％ of patients at the same time of initial diagnosis.At present,the primary and metastatic cancer on liver resection is recognized as the only way to cure CRLM.In recent years,with the development of surgical technology,the normative use of peri-operative drugs,the collaboration of the mode of multidisciplinary team (MDT) and the development of the technology of targeted therapy,the survival rate of patients has been improved significantly.But the recurrence rate within 1 year is nearly 50 ％ after hepatectomy.Nearly 80 ％ of patients with CRLM missed opportunity for surgery when they were first diagnosed.Facing a huge group of CRLM,how to combine the patients' individual characteristics,the periodization of liver metastasis,the preoperative prognosis evaluation,the peri-operative adjuvant therapy and the directional treatment method etc.to form a systematic and effective therapeutic schedule has become the present focus attention,which still contains some outstanding issues.This article reviews the relevant progress.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the role of transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-β1) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.

METHODSHMrSV5 cells, a human peritoneal mesothelial cell line, were incubated with TGF-β1, and their morphological changes were observed by phase contrast microscopy. Expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, cytokeratin, E-cadherin, phosphorylated-Smad2 and Smad2 were examined by Western blotting. After fibroblastic-like mesothelial cells were co-incubate with HSC-39 cells(gastric cancer cell line), the adhesion and invasion potential of HSC-39 were evaluated by adhesion and invasion assay in vitro.

RESULTSFew mesothelial cells converted to spindle fibroblast-like morphology for 24 h, and remarkable phenotypic changes were observed at 72 h of TGF-β1 activation. TGF-β1 could induce α-SMA and vimentin expression, and down-regulate cytokeratin and E-cadherin expression in mesothelial cells (P<0.05). TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation of Smad2 within 15 min of stimulation, reached a maximum at 30 min after treatment and remained high level during the experiment without affecting total Smad2 expression(P>0.05). The percentage of HSC-39 gastric cancer cells adhered were significantly increased as compared to the control. When the mesothelial cells were treated by TGF-β1 for 72 h, the increased adhesion percentage was(146±17)%(P<0.05). After fibroblastic-like mesothelial cells co-incubated with HSC-39 cells for 48 h, more cancer cells [(61.1±11.4) cells/view field] invaded the coated membrane as compared to the control group [(31.9±8.1) cells/view field] (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONTGF-β1 can induce the transition of mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts and Smad2 signal pathway may play a role in this transition, which is associated with increased adhesion and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells, and provides favorable environment for the dissemination of gastric cancer.

Cadherins ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Epithelium ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Vimentin