Three children with eczema were administered Hochu-ekki-to added Yokuinin for one to four months. The clinical courses were as follows.
Case 1: A one-year-old boy with nummular eczema. He was prescribed several formulas in turn, but he failed to use any of them daily. Three months later he began taking Yokuinin-extracts everyday. This treatment was followed up with Yokuinin extracts added to Hochu-ekki-to. In the four months following treatment with Hochu-ekki-to added Yokuinin, the boy's eczema diminished and disappeared.
Case 2: A two-year-old boy with atopic dermatitis. We administered Hochu-ekki-to extracts on the second consultation day. He used the medicine nearly every day, but he showed little sign of improvement. After two weeks of treatment with Ma-kyo-yoku-kan-to extracts added to Hochu-ekki-to, skin eruptions diminished a little, but the patient complained and resisted treatment. So we changed the formula to Yokuinin extracts added to Hochu-ekki-to, which he took without any complaints. Skin eruptions diminished and disappeared.
Case 3: A four-year-old girl with atopic dermatitis. She was administered Hochu-ekki-to added Yokuinin and Kyonin, because she was constipated. In the following four weeks skin eruptions diminished and her bowel movements improved.
It is difficult for children to go on taking the Kampo formulas regularly. Hochu-ekki-to is one of the most common prescriptions for atopic dermatitis and is easy to take compared to other formulas. Adding Yokuinin to Hochu-ekki-to improves its taste and supplements its efficacy.

Kyukichoketsuin is commonly used for ki-deficiency and ketsu-deficiency, especially postpartum physical and mental complaints. However it does not contain ninjin and ogi, which are actually known to be major crude drugs for ki-deficiency. The 16th century Manbyokaishun gives many ways of treatment, some including the use of ninjin and ogi with kyukichoketsuin.
We report 2 cases treated with kyukichoketsuin and hokizai. The first case was a 33-year-old woman who had dyspnea with exertion and general malaise undergoing treatment for amenorrhea. The second case was a 39-year-old woman who had fatigue, irregular menstruation and headache after childbirth. We treated the first with kyukichoketsuin and hochuekkito extract, and the second with kyukichoketsuin and rikkunshito extract. In both cases, the symptoms improved remarkably over a few weeks with kyuchichoketsuin and hokizai. Thus, this combination therapy may have efficacy for gynecological symptoms with remarkable signs of ki-deficiency.

We report three cases of panic disorder treated with kampo formulae including shohangekabukuryoto. Case One was a 47-year-old driver. Sharp rises in blood pressure caused transient ischemic attacks in the brain. We suspected that anxiety over recurrent brain attacks stagnated his water and qi below the heart and caused phlegm heat, which lead to his panic disorder. His symptoms were cured with shohangekabukuryoto and the substance of orento. Case Two was a 49-year-old homemaker. Her domestic anxiety developed into a panic disorder. We suspected that her anxiety diminished the blood and the function of her liver, as well as her splenic sufficiency. Her attacks were cured with kamishoyosan, and with bukuryoingohangekobokuto which contains shohangekabukuryoto. Case Three was a 32-year-old homemaker. Overwork through her child-raising tasks developed into a panic disorder. We suspected that fatigue caused her splenic insufficiency and resulted in blood deficiency with the extra water below the heart. Shohangekabukuryoto and juzentaihoto were very effective, and resolved her attacks.These cases suggest that shohangekabukuryoto improved epigastric discomfort, dizziness and palpitation by justifying middle-jiao dysfunction, qi and water regurgitation. In each of the three cases, shohangekabukuryoto showed efficacy for panic disorder with other kampo formulae for respective signs and symptoms.
Panic Disorder ; Three ; Water ; Anxiety ; Cases

Quercetin, a flavonoid, widely distributed in many fruits and vegetables, is well known to have an anti-tumor effect despite its mutagenicity. In this study, we examined the effect of dietary quercetin on duodenum-tumorigenicity of mice induced by a chemical carcinogen, N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG). Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups; ENNG without quercetin (group A), ENNG with 0.2% quercetin (group B), ENNG with 2% quercetin (group C), and 2% quercetin without ENNG (group D). ENNG was given in drinking water for the first 4 weeks, and thereafter quercetin was given in a mixed diet. At week 20, the average number of duodenal tumors per mouse was significantly higher in group C (mean±SE, 7.26±1.75, p<0.05) than in group A (2.32±0.31). The size of the duodenal tumors increased significantly in group B (1.79±0.09 mm, p<0.001) compared with group A (1.43±0.09 mm). In contrast, no duodenal tumor was induced in group D. The present findings suggest that excessive intake of quercetin occasionally is a risk factor for carcinogenesis of some specific organs such as the upper intestine.
Quercetin ; Upper Case En ; ENNG ; week ; Laboratory mice

Quercetin, a flavonoid, widely distributed in many fruits and vegetables, is well known to have an antitumor effect despite its mutagenicity. In this study, we examined the effect of dietary quercetin on duodenum-tumorigenicity of mice induced by a chemical carcinogen, N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG). Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups; ENNG without quercetin (group A), ENNG with 0.2% quercetin (group B), ENNG with 2% quercetin (group C), and 2% quercetin without ENNG (group D). ENNG was given in drinking water for the first 4 weeks, and thereafter quercetin was given in a mixed diet. At week 20, the average number of duodenal tumors per mouse was significantly higher in group C (mean±SE, 7.26±1.75, p<0.05) than in group A (2.32±0.31). The size of the duodenal tumors increased significantly in group B (1.79±0.09 mm, p<0.001) compared with group A (1.43±0.09 mm). In contrast, no duodenal tumor was induced in group D. The present findings suggest that excessive intake of quercetin occasionally is a risk factor for carcinogenesis of some specific organs such as the upper intestine.

We report two cases effectively treated with Kampo medicines for comorbid sleep disorder in developmental disorder. Case 1 was a 15-year-old woman diagnosed Asperger's syndrome, and her main complaints were difficulty in rising, difficulty in falling asleep and fatigability. We thought that the symptoms might be caused by in and ketsu deficiency, which lost control of kanki hyperactivity and evoked tension/excitement state easily. The difficulty in rising was improved with yokukansan and kambakutaisoto and she was able to go to school every day. Case 2 was a 17-year-old man diagnosed the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. His symptoms were difficulty in rising, feeling of weariness, fatigability, and frequent tension/excitement state. The previous use of shokenchuto had improved the symptoms slightly. After shigyakusan was added to cure kanki dysregulation, he succeeded in going to school every day. In the oriental medicine, ketsu has important roles in mental stability and sleep, whereas qi and ketsu tend to be insufficient in childhood. Our results suggest that replacement of in and ketsu would be useful in treating comorbidities in developmental disorder.