Objective To compare dosimetrie difference of treatment planning of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and simplified intensity-modulated radiotherapy (slMRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Ten NSCLC patients treaded by radiotherapy were investigated. 3D-CRT and slMRT plannings were designed for each patient. The prescribed dose was 60 Gy(2 Gy/f), the 95 % of the planning target volume was received with this dose for each patient. The dose was computed with treatment planning system of ADAC Pinnacle3 using convolution/superpasition algorithm. Two plans were compared according to the homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI) of dosimetry in the planning target volume and the parameters of dose-volume histogram (DVH) in normal tissue. Results In the terms of HI and CI, sIMRT had slight vantages over 3D-CRT. In the terms of DVH, compared with 3D-CRT, mean lung dose, V5, V10 and V20 of slMRT reduced by 14.81 %, 17.88 %, 19.15 % and 27.78 %, respectively. The dosimetric differences were not statistically significant between 3D-CRT and sIMRT in terms of esophagus, heart and spinal cord. Conclusions For NSCLC, sIMRT has some irreplaceable advantages over 3D-CRT and is worth spreading in clinical work.

To assess the ability of new bone formation with composite human bone marrow stromal cell (HBMSC)/coralline hydroxyapatite(CHA) in vivo. Human bone marrow collected from adult ilium by needle aspiration was cultured in vitro to expand and differentiate the stromal cells. The cells were seeded on CHA discs, then the HBMSC/CHA composites were implanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice (CHA alone as control). At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation, the effectiveness of bone formation was evaluated by means of gross and histological observations. The results showed that HBMSC/CHA composite could form bone tissue in vivo, in which a small amount of HBMSC could be used as seed cells in bone tissue engineering, and CHA could be used as a kind of scaffold.

Objective:To compare bone marrow-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy(BMS-IMRT)with conventional (four-field box[3DCRT]and anteroposterior-posteroanterior[CRT])techniques in the treatment of cervical cancer.Methods:For a cohort of 10 patients,BMS-IMRT,3DCRT and CRT planning were designed.The prescribed dose was 45Gy/1.8Gy/25f,95%of the planning target volume received this dose.Doses were computed with a commercially available TPS.Plans were compared according to dose-volume histogram (DVH)analysis in terms of PTV homogeneity and conformity indices(HI and CI)as well as OARs dose and volume parameters.Results:BMS-IMRT had an advantages over 3DCRT and CRT in terms of CI,but inferior to the latter two for HI.BMS-IMRT was superior to 3DCRT in reducing the dose to PBM,small bowel,bladder and rectum.Compared with CRT,BMS-IMRT reduced the volume irradiated to the doses from 30Gy to 40Gy,but increased the volume irradiated to the low doses from 5Gy to 20Gy.In addition,BMS-IMRT reduced the volume of small bowel,bladder,rectum at nearly all dose levels.Conclusion:BMS-IMRT reduced irradiation of PBM compared with 3DCRT technique.Compared with CRT technique,BMS-IMRT reduced the volume of PBM irradiated to high doses.Therefore,for patients with cervical cancer after hysterectomy,BMS-IMRT might reduce acute hematologic toxicity(HT)compared with conventional techniques.

Objective To investigate the value of combined therapy for hand post-burn scars.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 78 hands post-burn scars in 46 cases from 2007 to 2011.A mong them,scar contracture releasing,scar excision,free skin grafting and fixation with Kirschner's pins were performed in 38 hands,scar excision and regional flat transfer were performed in 18 hands,scar excision and skin grafting were performed in 18 hands,abdominal expanded flap transplantation and scar excision were performed in 4 hands.All patients received elastic sleeve pressure therapy,sili cone gel for external application and function training.Within six months after the operation,52 hands received drug delivery by wax therapy,16 hands incision with scar proliferation received drug injection into scar.We followed up all patients from half a year to three years after the treatment to observe the recovery of the appearance and function of the hands.Results We mainly chose surgery,elastic sleeve pressure therapy,silicone gel for external application,drug injection into scar,wax therapy,function training and so on treating the hand post-burn scars and found that the joins deformities caused by scar contracture were largely or totally corrected.The function and appearance were satisfying.Conclusions It is a good method to treat hand scars by surgery and post-surgery combined physical rehabilitation therapy,which deserves to popularization.

Objective To study the effect of the location and volume of tumors on the normal lung dose-volume parameters for lung cancer. Methods An sphere with a diameter of 2 cm made of tissue-equiv-alent material used for simulating tumor was inserted into the superior lobe, middle lobe, inferior lobe of the right lung, and superior lobe, inferior lobe of the left lung of the Rando phantom, respectively. 5-field sIM-RT plans were designed. The prescribed dose was 60 Gy/2 Gy/30 f, and 99% of the planning target volume received this dose. Dose-volume parameters of normal lung tissue including V_5, V_(10), V_(20), V_(30), V_50 and mean lung dose were analyzed and compared. Results For the dose-volume parameters, the diameter and the po-sition of the tumor have a significant effect (P < 0.05). With the diameter expanding from 2 cm to 3 cm,the parameters associated with tumor in various lobes increased by a range between 3.83%-125.38%,while the parameters linked with tumor in different lobes increased by a range between 10.46%-51.46% with the diameter expanding from 3 cm to 4 cm. Conclusions Location and diameter of sphere-like tumor have obvious effect on dose-volume parameters. Knowing about the degree of influence will help oncologists and physicists to evaluate treatment planning better and reduce radiation pneumonitis.

Objective To explore the developmental tendency of eco-migrant children's extroversive behavior and the relationship between extroversive behavior and personality and family environment.Methods 856 eco-migrant children(aged 6-16)participated in the present longitudinal study.At first time the Child behavior checklist(CBCL),Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) and Family environment scale (FES) were used to assess their behavioral problems,personality and family environment.Participants' parents subsequently completed measures assessing behavioral problems every nine months for 27 months.Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling analyses.Results The scores of extroversive behavior in eco-migrant children were(10.09±7.11) at first time,(7.66±7.56) at the second wave,(8.54±7.49)at the third wave and(8.11±7.33) at the last time.During the longitudinal period,the descending trend of eco-migrant children's extroversive behavior was significant (β=-0.51,P＜0.05).The scores of psychoticism,neuroticism,family conflict,organization,cohesion and cultural factors were differently correlated with children's extroversive behavior (β=-0.67-0.32,P＜0.05).Family conflict predicted the developmental trend of children's externalizing (β=-0.46,P＜0.05).Conclusion During the longitudinal period,the level of eco-migrant children's extroversive behavior decreased,and personality and family environment have significant influences on it.

Objective To determine the margins of planning target volume (MPTV) in primary cervical cancer patients with tomotherapy and evaluate the importance of automatic registration(AR) plus manual registration.Methods The setup errors of 29 primary cervical cancer patients receiving external radiation from June 2012 to Dec 2014 were measured by megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT),which were performed at least two times weekly before treatment and were registered with the planning CT.The setup errors between automatic registration and total shift (TS) including both AR and manual registration were compared MPTV was calculated.Results Setup errors were collecte from 443 sets of MVCT in 29 patients.AR and total shift (TS) values in the x,y,z directions and rotation angle were (-0.9±2.3),(0.0±3.1),(1.0±2.6) mm,0.2° ±0.8° and (-0.8±1.8),(-0.4±3.4),(l.4 ± 2.5) mm,0.1° ± 0.5°,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in all directions except for the x axis (t =5.1,-5.2,3.2,P ＜ 0.05).MPTV were 4.6,5.7,3.3 mm in the x,y,z directions,respectively.Conclusions Manual registration is necessary after automatic registration in cervical cancer patients with tomotherapy.For patients with cervical cancer treated by tomotherapy,planning target volume MPTV parameters are suggested to be 5,6,4 mm in the x,y,z directions.

Objective To compare bone marrow-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (BMS-IMRT) with conventional intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) without considering pelvic bone marrow (PBM) as a planning constraint in the treatment of cervical cancer after hysterectomy. Methods BMS-IM-RT and IMRT planning were separately designed in a cohort of 10 patients with cervical cancer after hysterec-tomy. The prescribed dose was 95% planning target volume receiving 45 Gy/25 f. A commercially available TPS with convolution/superposition (CS) algorithm was used for dose calculation. Plans were compared ac-cording to dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis in terms of PTV homogeneity (HI), conformity index (CI) as well as dose and volume parameters of organ at risks (OARs). Results BMS-IMRT was better than IMRT in terms of CI, but inferior to the latter for HI. When compared with IMRT, V_5, V_(10), V_(20), V_(30) and V_(40) of PBM in BMS-IMRT were reduced by 1.81% ,8.61% ,31.81% ,29.50% and 28.29%, respec-tively. No statistically significant differences were found between BMS-IMRT and IMRT for dose distritutions of the small bowel, bladder or rectum. Conclusions For patients with cervical cancer after hysterectomy, BMS-IMRT can reduce the PBM volume irradiated by low dose, which may reduce acute hematologic toxici-ties.

The gammac cytokines play an important role in proliferation and survival of T cells. Blocking the gammac signals can cause the activated donor-reactive T cells losing the ability to proliferate, and getting into apoptosis pathway, which contributes to induction of the peripheral tolerance. In this study, we induced the transplant tolerance through blocking the gammac in combination with donor-specific transfusion (DST) in the cardiac transplantation. Following DST, on the day 2, 4 and 6, C57BL/6 recipients received anti-gammac monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) injection, and those in control group were not given anti-gammac mAbs. On the day 7, Balb/c cardiac allografts were transplanted. All recipients in experimental group accepted cardiac allografts over 30 days, and two of them accepted allografts without rejection until sacrifice on the 120 day. Animals only receiving DST rejected grafts within 5 days, and the mice receiving cardiac transplantation alone rejected grafts within 9 days. Our study showed that blockade of gammac signaling combined with DST significantly prolonged allograft survival, which was probably associated with inhibition of antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.

Objective To observe the interfractional variation and actual dose for cervical cancer patients treated with tomotherapy.Methods Five patients who received tomotherapy were chosen from Aug 2013 to Feb 2014.A megavohage computed tomography (MVCT) scan was performed before treatment and then registered with the planning CT images.Dose distributions were recalculated and targets were contoured on the MVCT images.The differences between the actual radiation and planning were analyzed.Results In the patients received external radiotherapy, the decline in cervix volume and maximum diameter was 68.90％ and 26.91％ , respectively (t =5.21, 8.39, P ＜0.05).Cervix, uterus and CTV movement in left-right, anteroposterior, superoinferior were 1.43,-7.72, 0.02,-0.40,-1.24, -6.51,-0.43,-1.68and-0.22mm.The medianCTV V95％ was 99.40％ (95.96％-100％), and missing volume was 6.94 cm3 (0-32.30 cm3).Conclusions During radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients, the volume, position and doses are different between initial plan and actual radiation.Based on image guided radiation therapy (IGRT), missing targets are limited.