We collected the medical data of conscription physical examination from a certain county,Shandong Province,in August 2013.A cohort of 711 young males aged from 17 to 24 years were included.Among them,231 cases were diagnosed with varicocele (VC) with a prevalence of 32.49％ (231/ 711).Its grades were Ⅰ ° VC(n =5,2.2％),Ⅱ ° VC (n =165,71.4％) and Ⅲ° VC(n =54,23.4％).And 7 cases (3.0％) had surgical intervention.Our reported prevalence was significantly higher than that in the literature.Further researches are waranteed.

The urothelium is a transitional epithelium which lines on the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and proximal urethra adjacent to the bladder. It’s a permeability barrier. In the process of urothelial development or injury repair, the mature urothelial cells expressing uroplakin appears after the hierarchical transcription of a series of transcription factors in basal stem cells. Understanding normal urothelial differentiation process of the urothelial cells could be beneficial to uncover the development of urothelial carcinoma so that to provide targeted therapy options and the study of the urinary tract repair process after injury. In addition, the study of stem cell differentiation microenvironment also provides important theoretical support for tissue engineering and tissue reconstruction. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on urothelial cell differentiation and its clinical significance.

Objective Gastrointestinal stromal tumor( GIST) is a rare mesenchymal tumor from gastroin-testinal tract,and surgery remains the only curative treatment.In order to improve the outcome of surgical treat-ment,reduce the risk of surgery,and increase the quality of life,preoperative imatinib( IM) treatment for GIST is investigated.Methods We retrospectively studied the multidisciplinary team model treatments for 8 GIST cases receiving preoperative IM treatment.The cases were prescribed IM of 400 mg daily for 12 to 40 weeks and exten-sively followed until surgery was considered feasibleg.The clinical significance and safety profile were analyzed. Results Partial responsive rate was 62.5% in this study.There was no intolerable sever adverse effects by IM preoperative treatment.All the cases received R0 dissection,with no intraoperative tumor rupture.The postopera-tive recovery was satisfied.Conclusion IM preoperative treatment brings significant clinical benefit to large stomach GISTs and cardiac region GISTs.The preoperative treatment should be monitored carefully under a multi-disciplinary team.Preoperative IM treatment is an evocative treatment strategy for high risk GIST.

Objective The method of administration is one of the important factors influencing steroid-induced femoral head necrosis ( FHN) .From the perspective of administration compliance, time and persons needed, and pharmacodynamics, this study compared different administration methods for steroid-induced FHN in rabbits aiming to provide some experimental evidence for selec-ting correct methods of administration. Methods The steroid-induced femoral head necrosis rabbits ( New Zealand, male) were ran-domly divided into five groups according to the different administration methods of intervention:deep oral administration group (n=10), in-tragastric gavage administration group ( n =10 ) , free-drinking drug group (n=10) and model control group (n=5), blank control group (n=5), the administration compliance, administration time, mortal-ity, pharmacodynamic index of lipid content and empty lacunae rate were compared among deep oral administration group, intragastric ga-vage administration group, free-drinking drug group. Results Compliance effect size of deep oral administration group ( 1.78 ± 0.64) lower than intragastric gavage administration group (4.04 ±0.87) and free-drinking drug group (8.94 ±1.05) (P<0.01). Administration time among deep oral administration group ([0.94 ±0.02]min), intragastric gavage administration group ([9.47 ± 0.31]min) and free-drinking drug group ([889.50 ±235.38]min) overall comparison gradually increased (P=0.000), the differ-ence between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).At the 2 and 4 weeks, cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein of deep oral administration group, intragastric gavage administration group, free-drinking drug group compared with model control group and blank control group the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) , and deep oral administration group com-pared with free-drinking drug group, the difference was also statistically significant ( P<0.05) .At the 2 weeks, empty lacunae rate of deep oral administration group ([15.44 ±2.68]%), intragastric gavage administration group ([15.02 ±3.34])%), free-drinking drug group ([16.72 ±4.06]%) compared with model control group ([18.59 ±3.12]%) and blank control group ([10.82 ± 2.76]%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).At the 4 weeks, empty lacunae rate of deep oral administration group ([18.53 ±3.26]%), intragastric gavage administration group ([18.85 ±3.17]%), free-drinking drug group ([20.41 ±4.18]%) compared with model control group ([24.66 ±3.74]%) and blank control group ([11.37 ±2.23]%), the difference was also sta-tistically significant ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion Compared with traditional methods of administration, deep oral administration has better compliance, shorter administration time, and similar to intragastric gavage administration in pharmacodynamics, but more effec-tive than free-drinking drug administration, and it is a new and effective method of administration.

Aim To investigate the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on growth and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by arginine vasopressin (AVP). Methods CFs of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated by trypsinization and cultured; growth-arrested CFs were stimulated with 1×10-7 mol·L-1 AVP in the presence or absence of CsA (0.05, 0.5 and 5 μmol·L-1). MTT and flow cytometry techniques were adopted to measure cell number and analyze cell cycle respectively. Collagen synthesis was determined by measurement of hydroxyproline content in culture supernatant with colorimetry. Calcineurin activity was estimated by chemiluminescence. Trypan blue staining to test the viability of CFs. Results 0.05, 0.5 and 5 μmol·L-1 CsA inhibited the increase of CFs number induced by 1×10-7 mol·L-1 AVP in a dose-dependent manner, with the inhibitory rates by 12%, 24% and 29%, respectively (P＜0.05). Furthermore, cell cycle analysis showed 0.5 μmol·L-1 CsA decreased the S stage percentage and proliferation index of CFs stimulated by AVP (P＜0.05). In culture medium, the hydroxyproline content induced by AVP decreased by 0.5 and 5 μmol·L-1 CsA (P＜0.05), with the inhibitory rates of 29% and 33%, respectively. CsA completely inhibited the increment of calcineurin activity induced by AVP (P＜0.01), but CsA itself had no effect on the baseline of calcineurin activity and CFs viability. Conclusion CsA inhibits proliferation and collagen synthesis of CFs by virtue of blocking calcineurin signaling pathway and might provide a novel target for prevention and treatment to cardiac fibrosis.

Background and purpose:The previous research has found that the prostate stromal cells derived from different prostate zones have distinct effect on prostate epithelial cells. We also revealed that LMO2 protein was highly expressed in PZ stromal cells (PZSCs) and prostate cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) compared with TZ stromal cells. This study investigated the effect of LMO2 protein in prostate stromal cells on proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer PC-3 cells and its mechanisms. Methods:Lentivirus overexpression vectors were used to establish LMO2-overexpressed prostate WPMY-1 stromal cell line. shRNA plasmids were used to suppress LMO2 in CAFs. LMO2 mRNA and protein level of both WPMY-1 and CAFs were evaluated by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) and Western blot. Then, PC-3 cells were co-cultured with different prostate stromal cells and the in vitro proliferation and invasion of PC-3 were measured by CCK-8 and matrigel invasion assays respectively. Results:When co-cultured with LMO2-overexpressed prostate stromal cells, both proliferation and in-vasion of PC-3 were improved. However, when co-cultured with CAFs which have inhibited expression of LMO2, the proliferation and invasion of PC-3 were reduced. The protein array proifling found that both interleukin-11 (IL-11) and ifbroblast growth factor-9 (FGF-9) were enhanced extensively in the supernatant collected from LMO2-overexpressed WPMY-1 cells. Conclusion:The expression of LMO2 in prostate stromal cells could be responsible for development of prostate cancer. Paracrine of cytokines, such as IL-11 and FGF-9, from LMO2-overexpressed stromal cells had effects on the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells.

Objective To evaluate the prognestic effect of thrombus aspiration combined tirofiban in patients of acute myocardial infarction. Methods 372 patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction were randomly divided into the observation group (n=183) and the control group (n=189). Patients in the observation group received thrombus aspiration combined tirofiban additional to conventional treatment, and cases in the control group received routine treatment. The curative effect, postoperative complications and adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups. Results The postoperative TIMI classⅢperfusion was achieved in 152 cases (83.1%) in the observation group and 140 cases (74.1%) in the control group (P < 0.05). The left heart ejection fraction of the observation group on 7 and 30 days after surgery was (60.4±6.1)%and (64.3±5.6)%respectively which was higher than the control group with (52.4±5.9)% and (55.4±5.7)% on 7 and 30 days respectively (P < 0.05). Bleeding events were recorded in 36 cases(19.7%) in the observation group rensus 26 versus (13.8%) in the control group (P>0.05). MACE reorded within 30 d post operation was 10 cases(5.5%) in the observation group and 22 cases (11.6%) in the control group (P < 0.05). No thrombocytopenia recorded in both groups. Conclusions Thrombus aspiration combined tirofiban for patients with acute myocardial infarction during PCI can improve the postoperative coronary artery perfusion, left ventricular ejection function and reduce the incidence of MACE within 30 days.

Objective To construct and identify retroviral-mediated short hairpin RNA ( shRNA ) expression vectors of ERβ419, and explore ERβ419 unknown biological function in beagles in future.Methods To screen out the most effective gene silencing sequence of beagle ERβ419 mRNA using qRT-PCR and Western Blot assays, imitate beagle estrogen target cells.Results qRT-PCR results showed, ERβ419-shRNA1 ( P <0.01 ) and ERβ419-shRNA3 ( P <0.01)differed significantly, Western Blot result as same as qRT-PCR,ERβ419-shRNA3 is the best choice.Conclusion Beagles ERβ419-shRNA3 retrain most effectively target gene repression. It is applied to explore ERβ419 unknown biological function in beagles reproductive system, and to prevent and treat beagles reproductive function diseases.

Objective:To study the changes of platelet and blood coagulating function during endovascular graft exclusion(EVGE), providing reference for reasonable use of heparin and platelet. Methods:Using sonoclot analysis (SCT), 20 patients accepted EVGE were measured for ACT, clot rate, platelet function and hematocrit (HCT) and platelet count (PLT) after anesthesia induction(T 1), heparination(0.3 0.5 mg/kg)(T 2) and EVGE(T 3), respectively. The reasons for variability were analyzed. Results:ACT, clot rate and blood platelet function were normal at T 1. At T 2 ACT was prolonged [(289? 61.1) s,] clot rate and platelet function were decreased ( P

Objective To evaluate the toxic effects and efficacy of the intra-arterial chrono-chemotherapy on patients with liver metastasis arised from colorectal cancer. Methods Chemotherapy of 42 patients were randomly divided into group A (n = 20) with continuously constant arterial infusion, and group B (n = 22) with arterial chrono-modulated infusion. And the toxic effects and efficacy of two groups were compared. Results A significant difference was found in the toxic effects of digestive system between the two groups. The treatment response was similar in the two groups. Conclusions Intra-arterial chrono-chemotherapy may decrease the toxic effects and improve the life quality of these patients.