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0.05), but each gene expression level was higher in schizophrenic or siblings than in normal controls (P

As the neuron-specific actin binding protein,Drebrin ( developmentally regulated brain protein) can affect spiny and synaptic morphology and function by changing the property of cytoskeleton,and modulate synaptic plasticity. Neural excitability regulates expression and activitiy of Drebrin through a variety of signaling molecules,making Drebrin' s function correlated with that of neurons. Under pathological conditions,the abnormal Drebrin affects synaptic plasticity,which leads to different degrees of cognitive dysfunction,and it is closely relates to the progress of cognitive dysfunction. Extensive studies of physiological and pathological functions of Drebrin in overall and molecular ways will not only contribute to a thorough understanding of cognitive dysfunction,but also develop the new target of therapeutics for cognitive dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: As indicated by experiments on animal, cytokine has regulatory effects on sleep. Clinical research has found abnormal level of cytokine in patients with depression. Sleep rhythm disorder is a common symptom of depression; however, the relationship between cytokine and sleep has hardly been conducted at home and abroad.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between abnormal level of cytokine and clinical characteristics of sleep disorder so as to provide theoretical basis for early intervention and functional detection of sleep disorder in patients with depression.DESIGN: A case-controlled study using the patients with depression as the subjects and normal persons as the controls.SETTING: Two wards of the Department of Psychiatry of a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: The study was completed in the Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College. The subjects in this study were divided into depression group and control group. The patients in depression group were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from September 2001 to December 2001. Inclusion International Classification of Diseases(10th edition) and Chinese Classifiliver function, electrocardiography and kidney function examination were quilizer or lithium salt were used in the past year; had the history of alcohol Had endocrine, heart, liver and kidney diseases and other serious somatic diseases. The 35 patients who met the above criteria were 14 males and 21females aged from 18 to 60 years with the average age of(36 ± 12) years in the depression group. In the control group there were 13 males and 17 females aged from 19 to 60 years with the average age of(34 ± 10)years.METHODS: The levels of plasma interleukin-2(IL-2) and solute interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R) were detected with enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.disorder in patients with depression.RESULTS: The level of plasma IL-2 in the depression group(77.92± 36.85) pg/L was lower than that of the normal control group (98.98± 30. 72 ) pg/L( t = 2. 446, P ＜ 0.05). Moreover, IL-2 level was positively correlated to depth of sleep level( r = 0. 364, P ＜ 0. 05) . No significant difference in sIL-2R level was found between the two groups( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The development of sleep disorder in patients with depression may be related with the level of cytokine, and the decrease of IL-2level can be the neurobiological basis of sleep level in depression.

Objective To investigate the differences of cognitive functions among ultra high-risk individuals(UHR),first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.Methods Twenty four participants meeting clinical inclusion criteria for initial prodromal states (IPS) selected from the first degree relatives of schizophrenia,23 first onset schizophrenia patients from the same family with UHR as well as 30 healthy controls were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery including Trail Making Test (TMT),Stroop color word test and the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) to test the speed of information processing and sustained attention ability.Results ①The time of the Trail Making Test in UHR ((45.12±14.87) s) was shorter than first-episode schizophrenia patients((60.43± 19.30)s),but longer than healthy controls((27.13±7.74) s).The whole score of the Stroop color word test in UHR (28.46± 7.87) was higher than first-episode schizophrenia patients (18.78± 6.86),and lower than healthy controls (43.40±9.64).The score of the Continuous Performance Test in UHR (1.86 ± ± 1.05) was significanly higher than first-episode schizophrenia patients(1.17±0.67),but lower than healthy controls (2.63±0.67),and all these differences were significant (P＜0.01).②Taking age,years of education,occupation status,marital status and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores as the covariance,the analysis of covariance showed TMT and Stroop color word test were still statistically significant.Conclusion There are cognitive function changes in individuals at ultra high-risk for psychosis,lying between first-episode schizophrenia cases and healthy controls.

0.05), but each gene expression level was higher in schizophrenic or siblings than in normal controls(P0.05), and the correlation between the gene expression levels of IL-1? and TNF-? were significant in all groups(r=0.847 or 0.942, P

Three key ethical issues in neurotherapeutics research are discussed: the ethical challenges arising from changes in the financial incentive of researchers and their institutions,risk-benefit analysis on testing innovative interventions,and the research for informed consent.

Objective To evaluate the effect of combination treatment by psychological intervention and a new atypical antipsychotic Paliperidone extended-release tablets(paliperidone ER)on first-episode schizophrenic out-patients.Methods All 62 patients diagnosed as first-episode schizophrenia by DSM-Ⅳ were randomly allocated into,combination treatment group and control group,for a 12-month treatment study.The combination treatment group was treated by paliperidone ER once a day and psychological counseling once a month,while the control group was treated only by paliperidone ER.The efficacy and social function were assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)and Personal and Social Performance Scale(PSP)individually at baseline,and following 1,3,6,9,12 months.The remission rate was calculated at the end of the 3rd,6th,9th month.The safety and tolerability were assessed using Barnes Akathisia Scale(BARS),extrapyramidal side effects scale(SAS)and involuntary movement scale(AIMS).Results Twenty-seven patients of combination treatment group and seventeen patients of the control group completed the trial with the discontinuation rate 12.9% and 45.2%,respectively.The difference between the above two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The mean total score of PANSS and the PSP of the both groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05)after treatment.PANSS total score reduced more than 30% compared with baseline,and PSP total score increased more than 7.The remission rate of combination treatment group was 74.2%,51.6% and 67.7% at the end of 3rd,6th,and 9th month,which was better than the control group(45.2%,38.7% and 38.7%)(P＜0.05).Both incidence and types of adverse events were almost same between the two groups.The major adverse events were extrapyramidal symptoms,tachycardia,gastrointestinal discomfort and akathisia.Conclusion Paliperidone ER treatment combined with psychological intervention on first-episode schizophrenia out-patients can improve their treatment compliance by reducing the discontinuation rate.And this combination treatment can increase the remission rate and improve social functioning of the patients.

Objective To investigate the requirement and the attitude of the mental health knowledge and some psychological factors indifferent developed regions. Methods The mental patients, their caregivers and normal people in total of 534 were surveyed with the Zung'sSelf-rating Depression Scale, the Questionnaire of Experience and Attitude of the Psychosis (self-edited), the Questionnaire of Requirementand Attitude on Mental Health Knowledge (self-edited), the Social Support Rating Scale and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Theresults were compared between the developed and the developing regions. Results Compared with those from developing, the requirementwas more and the attitude was more positive on mental health knowledge in all the people from the developed regions; the patients obtainedand applied more support, and took more positive coping style, less depressive emotion; the caregivers took more positive and negative copingstyles, and more depressive emotion; the healthy people applied more support, and took more positive coping style; the caregivers feltmore un-safety and wished the patients stay in hospital longer. Conclusion Development of the region plays a role in the mental health. Thecaregivers need more support and care.

ObjectiveTo investigate the negative emoion and the relative factors in the caregivers of the schizophrenia patients in community. Methods212 caregivers from 12 communities psychotic service stations in 12 prefectures in Guangdong were investigated with the Zung Self-rate of Depression, the experience and attitude of the psychosis, the requirement and attitude on mental health knowledge, the social support scale, the family burden scale and the simply coping style questionaire. ResultsThere were 112 caregivers with no depression (52.8%), 57 with mild depression (26.9%), 30 with middle depression (14.2%), 13 with severe depression (6.1%). More than 50% caregivers worry about unsafty, getting into trouble, worse reputation, genetics, felt scare, strained relationship with the patients. There were significant differences in the hopelessness, the strained relaionship, treatment in other cities, superstition, hospitalization longer between the depression and no depression group, as well as in the economy burden, the interference in the family living, the amusement of family, the family relaionship, the body health and the mental health of the other family members, but no significant in the factors of the requirement and attitude on mental healh knowledge. The caregivers with depression reported less social support than the caregivers with no depression, but there was no difference between these groups in utilization of support. ConclusionThe caregivers of the schizophrenia patients experience negative emotion in community, who need mental and material assistance and the education of the knowledge about diseases.