OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of letrozole combined with traditional Chinese medicine for ovulation dysfunction induced by polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). METHODS: 300 PCOS outpatients were randomized to 3 groups of 100 each: clomiphene citrate (CC) group (188 cycles);urinary gonadotropin (HMG) group (104 cycles) and letrozole (LE) group (155 cycles). The occurrence rate of mature follicle,ovulation rate,pregnancy rate,abortion rate,superfoetation-terata rate,cancellation rate,incidence of no dominant follicle forming and OHSS etc were compared between the two groups after treatment. RESULTS: 30 babies were born in CC group,34 in HMG group and 43 in LE group were born. The occurrence rate of mature follicles,ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in the LE group were higher than in either CC group or HMG group(P0.05);the superfoetation rate in HMG group was higher than in CC group or LE group(P

Purpose:To investigate the curative effect of T3 lesions of supraglottic carcinoma in our hospital and discuss the management of T3 lesions.Methods:33 cases of T3 supraglottic carcinoma hospitalized in Cancer Center of Sun Yat sen University of Medical Sciences from 1982 to 1991 were reviewed. All primary lesions were resected by surgery, including 27 total laryngectomy and 6 horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy. The treatment modality of the neck was as follows: Among 13 clinically positive neck 2 underwent radical neck dissection, 11 underwent selective neck dissection. Among 20 clinically N0 cases 1 underwent elective neck dissection and the rest watchful waiting. In this group 19 cases were treated by definitive surgery, the rest 14 cases managed by surgery plus radiotherapy.Results:The 5 year survival rate in our group was 63.6%(21/33), the 5 year tumor free survival rate was 57.6%(19/33) and the 5 year cumulative survival rate by Kaplan Meier was 63.9%. The 5 year survival rate in partial laryngectomy and total laryngectomy was 80% and 59.9% respectively, no significant difference was shown by Kaplan Meier analysis(Log Rank=0.82, P =0.3646). The 5 year survival rate in definitive surgery and surgery plus radiotherapy was 56.4% and 67.3% respectively. There was also no significant difference by Kaplan Meier analysis (Log Rank=0.61, P =0.4341). 5 cases presented primary relapse and 12 cases neck relapse in our group. The primary and neck control rate was 84.8%(28/33)and 63.6%(21/33)respectively.Conclusions:For T3 subtypes with pre epiglottic space or tongue base infiltration, horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy could abtain better result. One should be careful when applying partial laryngectomy in T3 with cord fixation. Although surgery plus radiotherapy could not significantly influence survival, it could have a tendency to get higher 5 year survival rate than definitive surgery. Radiotherapy and chmotherapy need to be study further.

Objective To design an approach above the fibular head for treating posterolateral tibial plateau fracture,and to investigate its feasibility,advantages and disadvantages in clinical application.Methods Ten frozen adult cadaveric knees were dissected to observe the correlation of the important lateral structures and effect of knee flexion on tensity of the lateral collateral ligament.The distance (OA) from superior border of facies articularis capitis fibulae to lateral edge of articular surface of tibial plateau and the distance (OB) from the cross point of lateral collateral ligament and facies articularis capitis fibulae level to lateral edge of articular surface of tibial plateau were measured.According to the anatomic measurement results,the approach above the fibular head was designed.Then 12 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fracture were treated through this approach,and the short-term clinical results were evaluated.Results The value of OA ranged from 9.43 to 14.92 mm (average,12.97±1.83 mm).At 0° of genuflex,the lateral collateral ligament was tense and the average value of OB was 4.87±0.33 mm.During the course of genuflex,the lateral collateral ligament got loose following which the value of OB became larger.At 60° of genuflex,the lateral collateral ligament was most loose,and the posterolateral tibial plateau could be exposed completely by drawing posterolaterally lateral collateral ligament and rotating medially tibia.All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months (average,18 months).The average bone healing time was 10.2 weeks (8 to 12 weeks).According to Rasmussen's knee functional score system,the results were excellent in 10 cases and good in 2 cases.No complications occurred,such as numbness of limbs,instability of the knee and internal fixation loosening.Conclusion The approach above the fibular head is feasible,simple and safe for treating posterolateral tibial plateau fracture.

Objective To evaluate the value of digital tomosynthesis (TOMOS)in diagnosis of odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaws with oral fixed metal dentures, and compared with multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT). Methods The imaging findings of 40 cases with fixed metal dentures pathologically proved odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaws jn retrospective were retrospectively analyzed.All cases were performed by MSCT and TOMOS scanning,and 13 cases enhanced at the same time. The characteristics of the imaging findings in TOMOS and MSCT were compared. The diagnosis merits and disadvantages, especially their ability to detect the lesions and adjacent structures,were assessed. Results There were no significant difference (consistency check Kappa value>0.4) in evaluating the structure characteristics of the lesions, the relationgship between the lesions and cortex ,and the relationship between the lesions and surrounding organs. TOMOS is superior to MSCT in displaying apical change, the same in pure cystic and cystic-solid lesions interfered by artifacts.However, it is inferior to MSCT in detection of soft tissue invasion. Conclusion There is similar assessment value of TOMOS and MSCT in displaying odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaws. TOMOS can be chosen when the imaging findings of the lesions are interfered by metal artifacts.

BACKROUND:Previous studies have confirmed that radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has not only efficiently killed tumor cells,but also improved immune suppression of organism.Antigen presenting cells play an important role during anti-tumor immune reaction.Dendritic cells are most powerful antigen presenting cells.OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of RFA on OX-62,OX-6 and CD86 expression of rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The randomized controlled animal observation was performed at the School of Oncology of Peking University from June 2005 to March 2006.MATERIALS:A total of 12 Sprague Dawley rats were equally and randomly assigned into control and 1 -week radiofrequency groups.METHODS:2 mL peripheral blood was extracted from rats of the control group following rats were sacrificed.The left lobe of rat liver was exposed,inserted with acicular electrodes at tilted position.The acicular electrodes were spread out.The action time was 4 minutes.After RFA,the rats were given anti-infective therapy.2 mL peripheral blood was taken out after they were put to death 1 week after RFA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The following parameters were measured:pathomorphological observation on the liver of normal rats after RFA;OX-62,OX-6 and CD86 expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after RFA.RESULTS:Pathologyical examination after RFA showed the characteristic that coagulation necrosis and cellular degeneration and granulation tissue forming appeared from target center to peripheral of the target.Positive expression rate of OX-62 in rat peripheral blood in the 1-week radiofrequency group[(0.70±0.16)%]was significantly higher than in the control group [(0.34±0.08)%,P ＜0.05].No significant difference in positive expression rate of OX-6 and CD86 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells between both groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:RFA can promote the increased number of precursor Dendritic cells in rat peripheral blood,which may be contributed to improve the ability to angtigen presentation during immune response.Dai Wei-de,Doctor,Associate chief physician,Department of Ultrasound,Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health,Beijing 100730,China dai.weide@126.com

Objective To evaluate the clinical characters, management and prognostic factors of patients with differentiated invasive thyroid carcinoma (DITC). Methods The data were analyzed retrospectively for 114 DITC patients treated at Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, comparison among/between groups was performed using log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was carried out using Cox proportional hazard model. Results After surgery, 68 patients were with tumor residue. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rate were 91.9% and 80.1% respectively in all patients, while the 10-year overall survival rate were 88.5% 、78.5% and 53.1% in no tumor residue group, micro-residue group and grossresidue group respectively. This study failed to prove that radiotherapy might improve the survival rate in patients with postoperative tumor residue. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, invasion to esophagus and recurrence predict the prognosis. Conclusion DITC may be treated mainly by surgical operation. Radical resection is the key factor in the treatment of DITC. Patients with DITC have a relatively poor prognosis.Age, esophagus invasion and status of tumor residue are the most important factors affecting the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the therapeutic effect of transpedicular instrumentation without fusion on patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures.METHODS:A total of 63 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures (the inclusion criteria was neurologically intact spine with a kyphotic angle >20° and/or decreased anterior vertebral body height > 50%) who were treated with transpedicular instrumentation without fusion were studied,including 40 cases treated by AF internal fixation,16 cases by Tennor screw-rod fixation system and 7 cases by Diapason screw-rod fixation.All patients underwent a radiological and clinical assessment (including the loss of kyphotic angle,decreased anterior vertebral body height,the midsagital diameter of the canal and the Low Back Outcome Score) preoperatively,postoperatively and after 24 months.The deformity of angulation was measured by Cobb angle.RESULTS:All pstients were followed for a 24 months,with average stay of 13.4 days.There were averaged 3.8 days from admitted to operation,and the internal fixation was removed within 8-12 months in 51 cases,followed a 9.4-day hospital stay.According to low back outcome score,46 patients achieved excellent,9 good,5 fair and 3 poor,with excellent and good rates of 88%.The Cobb's angle was 20.1° preoperatively,6.2° postoperatively,and 11.9° after 24 months.The average lose of anterior vertebral body height was changed from 49.1% preoperatively to 17.4% postoperatively,which was 20.4% after 24 months.The midsagittal diameters was 49.8% (n=63) preoperatively,78.1% (n=28) postoperatively,and 91.7% (n=25) after 24 months.The implant failure occurred in 5 patients.The radiographic parameters had no associativity to the outcome of LBOS.CONCLUSION:Transpedicular instrumentation without fusion is conductive to treating burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine without nerve injury.The routine posterior or posterolateral fusion is unnecessary in the operative management of these fractures.

Objective To observe CT features of primary yolk sac tumor (YST).Methods Clinical data and CT findings of 31 patients with primary YST proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Plain CT was performed in 31 patients,while contrast enhanced CT scanning was performed in 23 patients.Results The lesions in 19 patients located in the gonads,including ovaries (n=11) and testes (n=8).Other lesions in 12 patients located out of gonads,including sacrococcygeal region (n =7),anterior mediastinum (n =3) and vagina (n=2).The tumors were oval shaped in 20 patients,while irregular shaped in other 11 patients.Well-defined boundary was found in 20 patients,whereas ill-defined boundary was found in 11 patients.Fat and calcification were found in 2 patients with teratomas.Moderate to marked enhancement of the solid part of tumors were observed in 23 patients,loofahs enhancement were observed in 17 patients,the blood vessels were found in 18 patients,while delayed enhancement of coated edge was found in 21 patients.The rupture of tumor capsule was found in 4 patients.Conclusion CT manifestations of YST have certain characteristics,which can provide imaging diagnostic evidences.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and related adverse reactions of ixazomib-based chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).Methods:Twenty-one patients with RRMM who received ≥2 courses of ixazomib-based chemotherapy regimens in Heze Municipal Hospital and Zoucheng People's Hospital of Shandong Province from October 2018 to February 2020 were collected. Among them, 15 patients had previously received the bortezomib-based regimens, 10 patients had received the lenalidomide-based regimens, and 6 patients had received the treatment regimens containing the above two drugs. The patients were treated by a two-drug or three-drug regimen: 4 mg ixazomib was taken orally on day 1, 8 and 15 in combination with other drugs (dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide or lenalidomide). The therapeutic efficacy and safety were evaluated after the 2nd and the 4th treatment cycles.Results:The overall response rate (ORR) of 21 patients with RRMM after 2 treatment cycles was 38.09% (8/21), including 6 cases of partial remission (PR) and 2 cases of very good partial remission (VGPR). After 4 cycles, ORR was 57.14% (12/21), including 7 cases of PR, 4 cases of VGPR, and 1 case of complete remission (CR). The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse reactions of the ixazomib-based chemotherapy regimens was 23.81% (5/21). Hematological adverse reactions included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia, and other common adverse reactions included the digestive tract reactions, fatigue, hypokalemia, etc., and the peripheral nerve adverse reactions were all grade 2 or below grade 2.Conclusion:The ixazomib-based chemotherapy regimens are effective and safe in treating RRMM.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) combined with kidney injury and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of kidney injury.Methods:The clinical data of 96 newly treated MM patients in Heze Municipal Hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into the kidney injury group (33 cases) and the non-kidney injury group (63 cases) based on whether the blood creatinine was >177 μmol/L at the time of diagnosis. The general data and laboratory results of the two groups were compared. The risk factors for kidney injury in MM patients were analyzed by logistic regression method, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to assess the predictive value of each risk factor for the occurrence of kidney injury in MM patients.Results:Compared with the non-kidney injury group, hemoglobin was lower in the kidney injury group, and white blood cell count, blood uric acid, urea nitrogen, β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG), cystatin C, the proportion of patients with light chain type, and the proportion of patients with international staging system (ISS) stage Ⅲ were higher in the kidney injury group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Thirty-four patients underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test, and 22 cases (64.7%) had abnormal results. In the non-kidney injury group, genetic testing were performed in 26 cases, and the results were abnormal in 14 cases, including 11 cases (42.3%) of IgH rearrangement, 4 cases (15.4%) of RB1 deletion, 4 cases (15.4%) of 1q21 amplification, and 1 case (3.8%) of P53 deletion; in the kidney injury group, 8 cases underwent genetic testing, and all results were abnormal, including 6 cases (75.0%) of IgH rearrangement, 5 cases (40.0%) of RB1 deletion, and 2 cases (25.0%) of 1q21 amplification. The rate of RB1 mutation in the kidney injury group was higher than that in the non-kidney injury group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.43, P = 0.035). Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated blood uric acid ( OR = 1.009, 95% CI 1.002-1.016, P = 0.015) and ISS stage Ⅲ ( OR = 16.401, 95% CI 1.174-229.164, P = 0.038), elevated white blood cell count ( OR = 1.833, 95% CI 1.020-3.294, P = 0.043), elevated β 2-MG ( OR = 1.320, 95% CI 1.009-1.728, P = 0.043), and decreased hemoglobin ( OR = 0.900, 95% CI 0.832-0.922, P = 0.008) were independent risk factors for the development of kidney injury in MM patients. According to the area under the ROC curve (AUC), blood uric acid (AUC = 0.775, 95% CI 0.675-0.875, P < 0.001), white blood cell count (AUC = 0.696, 95% CI 0.583-0.809, P = 0.002), β 2-MG (AUC = 0.822, 95% CI 0.732-0.911, P < 0.001), hemoglobin (AUC = 0.755, 95% CI 0.652-0.857, P < 0.001), and ISS stage Ⅲ (AUC = 0.763, 95% CI 0.669-0.856, P < 0.001) had predictive value for kidney injury in MM. Conclusions:MM patients have a high incidence of combined kidney injury, and active monitoring and control of risk factors may improve the outcome and prognosis of patients.