Polysaccharide in Patrinia scabra Bunge. was determined by spectrophotometry at 490nm,with phenol-concentrated suIfuric acid as the color developer. The content of polysaccharide was found to be 1. 50%

Objective To investigate the effect of thrombelastography ( TEG ) monitoring on anticoagulation therapy in deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) in the perioperative period of arthroplasty replacement through dynamic detecting of TEG.Methods 60 patients under went total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) were selected as the patient group from 2011 to 2013, Including 22 men and, 38 women, aging from 50 to 74 years old.These patients were divided into low molecular weight heparin ( LMWH ) group and rivaroxaban group according to random number table.Each group had 30 cases.Patients in both were all given routine dose anticoagulant drugs to prevent DVT.Other treatment were the same as conventional therapy for both group patients.Meannhile, 42 health examination participants were selected as the control group, 24 men and 18 women, aging from 45 to 75 years old.The parameters of TEG were measured by TEG@5000 thromboelastograph hemostasis system ( American Haemoscope Corporation).DVT was diagnosed by LOGIQ 7 color Doppler ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus of American GE Corporation. Data were analyzed by SPSS17.0.The predictive value of TEG on DVT was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic cure (ROC),sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Results Abnormal detection rates of Angle,MA,CI in rivaroxaban group(36.7%,46.7%,36.7%) were higher than LMWH group ( 10.0%, 20.0%, 13.3%) , and the differences between both groups all had statistical significance between both group(χ2 =5.963,P=0.015;χ2 =4.800,P=0.028;χ2 =4.356,P=0.037).CI , MA and Angle had better clinical diagnostic value on DVT.Their sensitivity was 75.0%, 75.0% and 62.5%, specificity respectively was 80.8%, 76.9%and 78.8%respectively.MA=68.35 mm
could be the best clinical diagnosis of critical point on DVT at anticoagulation treatment endpoint.Conclusion TEG can monitor coagulation state of TKA patients, TEG′R can evaluate the safety and effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy on DVT.(Chin J Lab Med, 2015, 38:333-336)

Objective To investigate the predictive value and clinical significance of dynamic monitoring of thromboelas?tography (TEG) and D?dimer on anticoagulation therapy concurrenting DVT in the perioperative period of arthroplasty replace?ment. Methods All of 60 patients of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were selected as patient group from 2011 to 2013. They were divided into low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) group and rivaroxaban group according to random number table. LM?WH group was given LMWH (xi fu quan) 4250 IUAXa 12 h after knee replacement, im, qd for 7 days, then rivaroxaban 10 mg, qd for 7 days. Rivaroxaban group was given rivaroxaban 10 mg 6 h after knee replacement, qd for 14 days. Meanwhile, 42 health examination participants were selected as control group. The parameters of TEG were detected by TEG 5000 thrombo?elastograph hemostasis system (American Haemoscope Corporation). Results D?dimer levels of postoperative before anticoagu?lation therapy were highest and there was statistical difference, while other parameters had no statistical difference. Intra?group comparison:the levels of R, K, Alpha, CI of TEG and D?D in LMWH group and the levels of Alpha, MA, CI of TEG and D?D in ri?varoxaban group had statistical difference, while other parameters' levels showed no statistical difference. At anticoagulation treat?ment endpoint, DVT occurred in 8 cases with an incidence of 13.3%(8/60). 7 cases were intramuscular vein thrombosis, and 1 case was popliteal vein thrombosis. The levels of Alpha, MA, CI of TEG and D?D in DVT group were higher than no DVT group, and there was statistical difference. TEG's CI, MA, Alpha and D?dimer had better clinical diagnostic value on DVT, whose area un?der receiver operating characteristic cure (ROC) respectively was 0.746, 0.733, 0.707 and 0.644, with sensitivity of 75%, 75%, 62.5%and 62.5%, specificity of 80.8%, 76.9%, 78.8%and 71.1%, positive predictive value of 37.5%, 33.3%, 31.3%and 25.0%, and negative predictive value of 95.4%, 95.2%, 93.2%and 93.1%. MA=68.35 mm was the best clinical diagnosis of critical point on DVT at anticoagulation treatment endpoint. Conclusion CI, MA, Alpha of TEG are better than D?dimer in predicting the inci?dence of DVT in the perioperative period of orthopaedics major operation. If these indexes are detected, the diagnosis value ’s ac?curacy of DVT will be improved.

Objective To analyze the impact of detrusor underactivity (DU) on the outcomes of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 157 BPO patients who underwent TURP from January 2013 to December 2016.Their ages ranged from 48 to 86 years with a mean age of 70 years.All patients underwent urodynamic study before surgery,bladder contraction index(BCI) ranged from 49.3 to 208.6,with a mean of 120.1.The patients were divided into two groups according to BCI.DU group (BCI ＜ 100) consisted of 47 patients,non-DU group (BCI ≥ 100) 110patients.Before surgery,there were no significant differences in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS),storage and voiding symptom scores of IPSS (IPSS-S,IPSS-V),quality of life (QOL),maximum free flow rate (fQmax),post-voided residual urine volume (PVR) between the two groups[(21.5 ±7.0)vs.(21.5 ±6.2),(9.5 ±3.6)vs.(9.8 ±3.5),(12.0 ± 4.9)vs.(11.8±4.2),(5.1 ±0.8)vs.(5.3 ±0.7),(6.5±3.5)ml/s vs.(7.6±5.0)ml/s,(137.4± 146.2)ml vs.(105.2 ± 135.9)ml] (P ＞ 0.05 for each).The outcomes of TURP were assessed by the above mentioned parameters at 3 months postoperatively;IPSS、IPSS-S、IPSS-V were regarded as successful if they improved more than 50％,QOL was successful if it was improved more than 3,fQmax successful if it was improved 5ml/s.The change and successful improvement rates of the above mentioned parameters were compared between DU and non-DU group.Through receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) analysis,patients were categorized into mild DU and severe DU group and compared the successful improvement rates between the two groups.Results Both DU group and non-DU group improved significantly in IPSS,IPSS-S,IPSS-V,QOL,fQmax,PVR at 3 months postoperatively (P ＜ 0.05)and the two groups differed significantly in those parameters [(8.6 ± 7.3) vs.(4.4 ±4.5),(5.0 ± 3.5) vs.(3.6 ±2.8),(3.6 ±5.1)vs.(0.9 ± 2.3),(2.3 ±1.5) vs.(1.5 ± 1.0),(11.5 ±6.9) ml/s vs.(16.3 ± 6.9) ml/s,(48.4 ± 65.6) ml vs.(23.6 ± 25.6) ml] (P ＜ 0.05 for each).In regard to the successful improvement rates of IPSS,IPSS-S,IPSS-V,QOL,fQ DU group was less successful than non-DU group [70.2％ (33/47)vs.90.9％ (100/110),51.1％ (24/47)vs.73.6％ (81/110),74.5％ (35/47)vs.93.6％ (103/110),59.6％ (28/47)vs.83.6％ (92/110),42.6％ (20/47)vs.81.8％ (90/110),P ＜0.05 for each].Youden index was maximum when BCI equaled to 82.There were significant differences in the successful improvement rates of IPSS and IPSS-V between mild DU (82 ≤ BCI ＜ 100) and severe DU (BCI ＜ 82) group [82.8％ (24/29) vs.50.0％ (9/18),86.2％ (25/29) vs.55.6％ (10/18),P ＜ 0.05 for each),no significant differences in IPSS-S and fQmax [58.6％ (17/29) vs.38.9％ (7/18),48.3％ (14/29) vs.33.3％ (6/18),P ＞ 0.05 for each].Conclusions Benign prostatic obstruction patients with DU can achieve improvement in both subjective and objective parameters after TURP,but patients without DU can get more improvement.BPO patients with severe DU patients show a worse improvement of the voiding symptom.Surgeons should have adequate communication with the patients and inform them of appropriate expectations.

Objective To screen and verify hub genes TPM1 and CALD1 that can affect the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA). Methods We obtained gene chip expression data of 414 and 188 cases of bladder cancer from TCGA and GEO, respectively. By constructing a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and identifying differentially-expressed genes between tumor tissues and normal tissues, the pivotal genes that were highly associated with bladder cancer were obtained, and the STRING database was used to construct a protein interaction network to screen out prognostic-related pivotal genes. We took 29 cases of bladder cancer samples from People's Hospital of Zhengzhou as external verification results. Results A total of 915 and 464 differentially-expressed genes were screened from the TCGA database and GSE13507, respectively. Two modules with the strongest correlation were obtained through WGCNA: the blue module (Pearson cor=0.60, P=1E-44) and the cyan module (Pearson cor=0.52, P=7E-19), and 156 intersection genes were obtained. Through protein interaction network analysis, 10 pivotal genes were screened out. TPM1 and CALD1 genes had the greatest correlation with the survival of bladder cancer patients, which was verified by external experimental verification group. Conclusion TPM1 and CALD1 are closely related to the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. They are also pivotal genes to promote tumor progression.

AIMTo study the histologic changes of the vas deferens following Nd: YAG laser irradiation.

METHODSIntravasal laser irradiation was given to (i) 52 segments of rabbit (laser dosage: 2 seconds at 40 W approximately 50 W) and 16 segments of human (3 seconds at 45 W approximately 55 W) vas deferens in vitro, (ii) 25 rabbit vasa (2 seconds approximately 2.5 seconds at 40 W approximately 45 W) in vivo and (iii) 2 human vasa (3 seconds at 55 W) in vivo. Segments of vasa were removed from the in vivo irradiated vasa deferentia 15 days approximately 180 days (rabbit) or 15 days (man) after the exposure. All vas segments were embedded in methacrylate resin. Serial sections (thickness 25 microm approximately 30 microm) were obtained and observed under a light microscope.

RESULTS(i) Laser-induced damage reached the muscularis layer in 27% and 94% of the rabbit and human vas segments in vitro, respectively. (ii) Fourteen of the 25 in vivo rabbit vasa were completely occluded by fibrous tissue and the longer the time interval after treatment, the more likely was the vas occluded. Those unoccluded vasa had either a normal histology or a mucosal damage. (iii) One in vivo human vas was almost completely occluded by the fibrous tissue but the other had a relatively large lumen packed with sperm granulomatous tissue and partial destruction of the smooth muscle layer.

CONCLUSIONLaser irradiation can induce long-term vas occlusion; for rapid occlusion, laser doses just completely destroying the mucosal layer will be advisable.

Animals ; Humans ; Laser Coagulation ; Male ; Rabbits ; Sterilization, Reproductive ; methods ; Vas Deferens ; anatomy & histology ; Vasectomy

Objective To assess the feasibility of urinary PEBP1 as a potential biomarker of congenital obstructive hydronephrosis.Methods A total of 60 children with hydronephrosis (severe and mild hydronephrosis groups) and 30 healthy children were enrolled to define the expression of PEBP1 in bladder urine samples by ELISA.Correlation analysis and ROC analysis were used to define the expression of PEBP1 and diagnostic profile in identifying children with impaired split renal function.Results The PEBP1 levels decreased significantly and positively correlated with split renal function in study group before surgery (r =0.818,P ＜ 0.05).One month after surgery,it increased significantly.An area under the curve for PEBP1 protein of 0.89 with a best cutoff value of 0.521 ng/mg cr and the impaired split renal function decreased to 30％ or less (sensitivity 80％,specificity 90％) was found.Conclusion Decreased PEBP1 may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of congenital hydronephrosis in children,and it can also be used to assess the severity of the disease and the therapeutic effect.

AIMTo quantitatively study the histological changes of the testis and epididymis as a result of a drastic reduction of testosterone secretion.

METHODSFourteen adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS, 75 mg/kg) and the same number of animals were injected with normal saline as a control. At days 7 and 12 (after treatment), respectively, half of the animals from each group were killed. The testes and epididymides were removed and tissue blocks embedded in methacrylate resin. The cell number per testis was estimated using the stereological optical disector and some other parameters were obtained using other morphometric methods.

RESULTSThe EDS treatment resulted in an almost complete elimination of Leydig cells but had no effect on the numbers of Sertoli cells per testis. At day 7 after EDS treatment, many elongated spermatids were retained in the seminiferous epithelium and many round spermatids could be seen in the epididymal ducts. At day 12, a looser arrangement of spermatids and spermatocytes became evident, with apparent narrow empty spaces being formed between germ cells in an approximately radial direction towards the tubule lumen; the numbers (per testis) of non-type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes were similar to controls, whereas that of type B spermatogonia increased by 59%, and that of early round, elongating and late elongated spermatids decreased by 37%, 72% and 52%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe primary spermatogenic lesions following EDS administration were (i) spermiation failure and (ii) detachment of spermatids and spermatocytes associated with impairment in spermiogenesis and meiosis.

Animals ; Epididymis ; drug effects ; pathology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Leydig Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Mesylates ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seminiferous Tubules ; pathology ; Testis ; cytology ; drug effects ; growth & development ; pathology

AIMTo determine whether vasectomy away from the epididymal tail (via the inguinal canal) in rabbits can reduce the early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis.

METHODSTwenty-nine normal male Japanese white rabbits (aged 4-6 months) were subjected to unilateral close-ended (conventional) or open-ended (the cut end of the juxta-epididymal vas deferens not ligated) vasectomy via the inguinal canal. Ten days and 3 months after operation, testes, epididymides and vasa deferentia were removed and methacrylate resin-embedded sections prepared. The histology of the testis, epididymis and vas deferens was examined under light microscope, and the volume and diameter of the seminiferous tubules were quantitatively studied using stereological methods.

RESULTSNeither of the methods of vasectomy led to apparent damage to spermatogenesis on the vasectomized side in comparison with the contralateral sham-operated side, but the juxta-epididymal vas deferens on the vasectomized side was highly distended and contained numerous sperm 3 months after operation.

CONCLUSIONVasectomy away from the cauda epididymis has no significant early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis in rabbits.

Animals ; Male ; Rabbits ; Spermatogenesis ; Vasectomy ; methods

BACKGROUNDSurvivin is a rather specific gene in tumor tissue. We transfected dendritic cells (DCs) with recombinant adenovirus (Ad) containing survivin gene and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and tested the inducing effect of the transfected DCs on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to kill leukemic cells.

METHODSAfter derived from the peripheral, DCs was assayed by mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) tests. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of CTL.

RESULTSExpression of survivin in transfected DCs was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. GM-CSF expression was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In MLR assay, DCs coinfected with Ad-survivin and Ad-GM-CSF induced higher allogeneic lymphocyte reaction than control DCs at ratios of 1:5, 1:10, 1:50 and 1:100. DCs coinfected with Ad-survivin and Ad-GM-CSF had much higher activity of CTL to HL-60 cells than DCs infected with Ad-survivin only, Ad-GM-CSF only, or control DCs. Levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in lymphocyte supernatants containing DCs coinfected with Ad-survivin and Ad-GM-CSF were significantly higher than those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONDCs coinfected with Ad-survivin and Ad-GM-CSF induce much higher anti-leukemic response in vitro than those infected with either factor. Therefore, adenovirus vectors containing survivin and GM-CSF genes may be promising vaccine candidates for leukemia therapy.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dendritic Cells ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Genetic Therapy ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; genetics ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Interferon-gamma ; biosynthesis ; Interleukin-12 ; biosynthesis ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Transfection