Objective To investigate the feasibility,safety and effectiveness of endovascular angioplasty with covered stent and embolization with spring coil in treating ruptured femoral artery pseudoaneurysm (FAP) associated with bleeding caused by injection of addictive drug.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with ruptured FAP complicated by bleeding caused by injection of addictive drug,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from July 2012 to December 2015,were retrospectively analyzed.The average age of the patients was 36.5 years old,among them 25 patients were male (78.1％).Results Successful hemostasis was achieved in all 32 patients.The technical success rate of endovascular therapy was 100％,and no death occurred during perioperative period.Endovascular repair with covered stent was carried out in 25 patients (78.1％),embolization of femoral profound artery with spring coil in 9 patients (9.4％),and covered stent implantation together with embolization of femoral profound artery in 4 patients (12.5％).The patients were followed up for a mean of (17.5±11.6) months,with a follow-up rate being 93.8％ (30/32).The 3-year cumulative stent patency rate was 90.9％,and the 3-year overall survival rate was 91.3％.Conclusion For the treatment of ruptured FAP complicated by bleeding caused by injection of addictive drug,endovascular treatment is safe and effective with satisfactory mid-term clinical effect.This technique helps win the valuable time for critically ill patients to receive two-stage surgical debridement and vascular repair,as two-stage thorough debridement is an important means to control infection.

Objective To investigate the timing of super-selective renal artery embolization (SRAE) for the treatment of renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) .Methods From June 2005 to February 2013 ,a total of 2 165 patients with upper urinary tract calculi underwent PCNL (2 384 PCNL procedures) and 16 of them suffered severe bleeding (0 .74% ) .In the 16 cases ,SRAE was used .The medical records of all the 16 cases were retrospectively analyzed .Results In 16 patients ,15 patients were successful with the first SRAE ,but 2 of them underwent an additional pure renal artery angiography (1 patient before SRAE and 1 patient after SRAE);1 healed after the second SRAE .The mean blood loss and transfusion volume were 32 .9 g/L and 250 mL before the first angiography/SRAE ,and an additional 3 .2 g/L and 0 mL before the second try .Although 1 patient died ,the oth-ers were recovered without complications .Conclusion SRAE should be adopted early for the treatment of severe renal hemorrhage after PCNL .However ,a second try should be considered for the repeated bleeding patients after the negative results of first renal artery angiography or SRAE .