Biomedical engineering is an inter-discipline developed from the combination of science,engineering and biomedicine. This paper aims to point out the advantages and problems of the biomedical engineering faculty through the analysis of professional background of medical college,and propose solutions to this problems.

Objective Deletion detection of Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD).Methods Totally 135 patients were tested through polymerase reaction of amplification with 12 dystrophin exons,polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis make gene analysis.Results The deletion of different region was found in 54 patients.Conclusion The deletion region is concentrated in 45～53 exons,the deletion of 48 exons is the peak.

BACKGROUND: Research on seed cells is the most important aspect in the filed of tissue-engineering research, and because of their various ad vantages, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been taken as the ideal bone tissue-engineering seed cells. OBJECTIVE: To observes the growth characteristics of in vitro cultured BMSCs and their osteogenetic characteristics under non-inducing conditions. DESIGN: A single sample experiment.SETTING: Implanting Center of Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted at the Central Laboratory of Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, between May andDecember 2003. BMSCs are derived from the primary passage to the 3rd passage of in vitro cultured cells from 4 one-year old dogs. METHODS: Under the aseptic conditions, bone marrow puncture was made at bilateral femur trochanter and 5 mL of heparin anticoagulatedbone marrow was obtained. Then it was placed in 50 mL of anti-Dulbecco's modified Eagle's culture medium in centrifuge tube for monocyte isolation. The BMSCs single cells were primarily isolated and placed in culture box for subculture. After 48 hours, culture medium was removed and the medium was cha1ged once every 3 days. Then subculture was carried on continuously to observe BMSCs in morphology under inverted the phase contrast microscope with the assistance of HE staining. The number of cells was counted daily to calculate doubling time and to draw a growth curve. Alkaline phosphatase was detected by using calcium-cobalt method,and chinalizarin staining was used to detect the growth state of calcification tubercle. MAIN UTCOME MEASURES: ①Optical microscopic structure of dog BMSCs; ② The growth curve of dog BMSCs; ③Observation of osteogenetic index- alkaline phosphatase and calcification tubercle. RESULTS: ① Morphological observation indicated that BMSCs were adherent to the walls, clonogenic and appearing fibroblastic phenotype, and they presented morphological changes without exposing to osteogenetic inducer. ② The expression of Alkaline phosphatase in primary cells was stronger, and it was strong in the 1st passage cell, but weak in the 2nd and 3rd passage cells. ③Calcium deposition was observed, which was stronger in primary cells than in subcultured cells. CONCLUSION: ①BMSCs massively proliferated during in vitro culture,capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and considered as the optimal seed cells for bone tissue-engineering reconstruction. ② BMSCs derived from the 3rd passage has osteogenic activity, but the osteogenic activity of the primary cultured cells was stronger than thatr of the subcultured cells.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors affecting recurrence,progression,bladder preservation,metastasis and cancer specific survival in patients with primary superficial transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. Methods Using Kaplan Meier method,Log rank test and Cox proportional hazards model,the retrospective survival analysis was performed in 198 patients with primary superficial transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. Results The mean follow up period was 79.76 months.The recurrence rates at 3 ,5 ,10 year were (28.75?0.78)%,(35.70?0.16)%,and (42.83?0.00)%,respectively.The main variables affecting recurrence were the duration of symptoms,histological grades and intra operative blood transfusion.The progression rates at 3 ,5 ,10 year were(8.89?0.33)%,(15.16?0.16)%,and (23.88?0.00)%,respectively.The main variables affecting progression were intra operative blood transfusion,histological grades,the number of reexaminations and recurrence free period (RFP).The rates of bladder preservation at 3 ,5 ,10 year were(94.68?0.23)%,(93.87?0.00)%,(91.51?0.00)%,respectively. The main variable affecting bladder preservation was RFP. The metastasis rates at 3 ,5 ,10 year were (8.25?0.22)%,(11.24?0.00)%,(28.94?0.00)%,respectively.The main variables affecting metastasis were tumor multifocality, hydronephrosis,microscopic growth pattern and RFP. The cancer specific survival at 3 ,5 ,10 year were (95.02?0.00)%,(90.70?0.46)%,(77.14?1.06)%,respectively.The variables that could predict cancer specific survival were microscopic growth pattern and RFP. Conclusions By cancer specific survival analysis of the follow up data,we can well identify the main prognostic factors from numerous ones,and also can design the therapeutic and follow up strategies for primary superficial transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.

BACKGROUND:The researches about the effect of retinoic acid on the proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells are rare, and the researches on the testosterone are mainly on the inhibition of cellaging. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of retinoic acid and testosterone or combination on the cellcycle of adipose derived stem cells. METHODS:Adipose derived stem cells were isolated from adult female Sprague Dawley rats with 2 months age and cultured in vitro til passage 3 adipose derived stem cells, and then the 3rd passage adipose-derived stem cells were performed with adipogenic induction, osteogenic induction and surface marker identification. The cells were divided into six groups:(1) Control group;(2) 10-5 mol/L retinoic acid group;(3) Retinoic acid group;(4) 10-5 mol/L retinoic acid+testosterone group;(5) 10-6 mol/L retinoic acid+testosterone group;(6) Testosterone group. The adipose-derived stem cells in the control group were cultured with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium+10%fetal bovine serum culture medium, and the adipose-derived stem cells in the other five groups were induced with corresponding dose of retinoic acid and testosterone on the basis of control group. After cultured for 36 hours, the flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of cellcycle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, cellproportions in phase G 1 of 10-5 mol/L retinoic acid group and 10-6 mol/L retinoic acid group were increased significantly, and the cellproportions in phase S were decreased. Compared with control group, the cellproportion in phase G 1 of testosterone group was significantly reduced, and the cellproportion in phase S was increased. Compared with 10-5 mol/L retinoic acid group and 10-6 mol/L retinoic acid group, cellproportions in phase G 1 of 10-5 mol/L retinoic acid+testosterone group and 10-6 mol/L retinoic acid+testosterone group were reduced significantly and the cellproportions in phase S were increased. Retinoic acid can inhibit the cellcycle of adipose-derived stem cells in phase G 1 , and delay the process of the cellcycle from phase G1 to phase S;while testosterone can promote the cellcycle of adipose-derived stem cells from phase G1 to phase S;the combination induction of retinoic acid and testosterone can accelerate the process of the cellcycle of adipose-derived stem cells from phase G 1 to phase S.

Obiective To screen serum biomarkers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)by SELDI-TOF-MS technique.Methods SELDI-TOF-MS technique and CM10 Protein Chip were used to detect serum protein patterns of 46 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and 64 healthy persons.The different proteins were obtained by the Biomarker Wizard software between the patients and healthy persons.The best biomarker of primary hepatic carcinoma was selected by evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of the protein.Results 16 protein peaks were obviously different between the patients and the healthy persons (P ＜0.05).The protein peaks of m/z 6845.70 had the highest diagnosis value with a sensitivity of 89.1％ (41/46)and specificity of 87.5 ％ (56/64).This protein was likely to be a part of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region.Conclusion The protein of m/z 6845.70 is potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC.SELDI-TOF-MS technique is a quick,simple,convenient and high through-put technology for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To search for differentially expressed proteins in normal ovaries,benign,borderline and malignant ovarian tumor protein. Methods The protein from ovarial carcinoma tissue and benign ovary was drawn, and analyzed with SELDI-TOF MS. Results There are some high expression proteins in ovarian cancer tissues: M/Z 15 112.15, 15 296.79, 7560.78, 16 049.39, 7682.06, 7932.30,15 851.32, 4619.68 and 8052.10. Borderline ovarian tumor protein peak were between benign and malignant:M/Z 15 112.15, 15 851.32, 7560.78, 7682.06 and 7932.30. Conclusion There were some differentially expressed proteins in different ovarian tissue. They might lay the molecular basis for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer.

Objective To analyze the effect of miR-497 high expression on the gene expression profile of colon cancer cell line HCT116. Methods MiR-497 high expressing colon cancer cell model HCT116-497 and negative control HCT116-CON were established by lentiviral transduction. The human (V2) gene expression microarray was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed between colon cancer cells overexpressing miR-497 and the controls. The candidates were subjected to the gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis by Molecule Annotation System 3.0 (MAS3.0). The differential expression of representative genes relative to inflammation were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Of all the differently expressed genes, 582 genes were down-regulated by at least 3-folds, which were enriched in inflammation-related signaling pathways in colon cancer cells overexpressing miR-497. The decrease in 15 representative genes was validated by qPCR. Compared with those in HCT116-CON cells, expressions of 10 genes in HCT116-497 cells, including CACNB1, FOS, IL-29, RPS6KA2, TNFSF15, IL-11, INHBC, CSF1R, JAK3 and IL-2Rβ, were decreased significantly, and there were statistical differences (all P< 0.05) Conclusion MiR-497 inhibits the mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes in colon cancer cell line HCT116.

Objective To compare the effects of moderate and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) during aortic arch surgery in the adult patients,to offer the evidence for the detection of which temperature provides best brain protection in the subjects who accept the great aortic surgery.Methods A total of 109 patients undergoing the surgery of aortic arch were divided into the moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest group and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group.We recorded the characters of the patients and their cardiopulmonary bypass time,aortic clamping time,cerebral perfusion time and postoperative recovery time,tracheal intubation time,time of intensive care unit (ICU) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Results Patients' characteristics were similar in two groups.All the patients were cured.There were no significant differences in aortic clamping time of each group [(111.4 ± 58.4) min vs.(115.9 ± 16.2) min];selective cerebral perfusion time [(27.4 ± 5.9) min vs.(23.5 ±6.1) min] of the moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest group and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group.There were significant differences in the cardiopulmonary bypass time[(207.4 ± 20.9) min vs.(263.8 ± 22.6) min],the postoperative recovery time [(19.0 ± 11.1) h vs.(36.8 ± 25.3) h],intubation time [(46.4 ± 15.1) h vs.(64.4 ± 6.0)h];length of ICU [(4.7 ± 1.7) d vs.(8.± 2.3) d],and postoperative cognitive dysfunction of the two groups.Conclusion Compared to the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,the moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest can provide better brain protection and achieve good clinical results.

Objective To evaluate the effects of rigorous surveillance and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in the treatment of low-risk patients with clinical stage Ⅰ nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors (NSGCT) after radical orchiectomy.Methods The data of 71 patients with clinical stage Ⅰ NSGCT were analyzed retrospectively in Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital,Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University and Hunan Provincial People's Hospital between Feb,2001 and Apr,2012.Excluding lymphatic and vascular invasion,percentage of embryonal carcinoma＞50％ and increasing tumour markers (AFP/β-HCG) following orchiectomy,46 low-risk patients out of 71 patients with clinical stage Ⅰ NSGCT were selected and divided into rigorous surveillance group (30 cases) and RPLND group (16 cases) according to different therapeutic methods after radical orchiectomy.Univariate analysis was used to confirm variables associated with disease progression,and the disease free survival rates (DFSR) were compared by using Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results Five cases were lost,and 41 cases were followed up for an average of 61 months (range,15-147 months),with 58 months in rigorous surveillance group (range,19-147months) and 65 months in RPLND group (range,15-144 months).The survival rate was 100％ in 2 groups.The DFSR was 89％ (24/27) and 86％ (12/14),respectively,and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.08,P=0.78).The DFSR was 83％ in patients with small amout of embryonal (percentage of embryonal carcinoma ＜ 50％),and 92％ in patients without embryonal carcinoma,and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=1.07,P=0.30).Also there was no significant difference between the patients less than 15 years and patients more than 15 years (x2=1.59,P =0.21).Conclusions There is no significant difference in recurrence rate and DFSR between rigorous surveillance group and RPLND group.Low-risk patients with clinical stage Ⅰ NSGCT may achieve satisfactory prognosis with surveillance after radical orchiectomy.