AIM: To determine the content of(+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin and berberine hydrochloride in Wangying Capsule(Rhizoma Picrorhizae,Rhizoma Coptidis,Catechu,etc.). METHODS: A RP-HPLC method was established.The chromatographic column was Diamonsil-C_(18).The mobile phase was 0.04 mol/L citric acid-N,N-dimethylformamide-tetrahydrofuran(40∶8∶2) for determining(+)-catechin and(-)-epicatechin with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and the detection wavelength of 280 nm.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water(52∶48)(including 0.34% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.17% sodium dodecyl sulfate) for determining berberine hydrochloride with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and the detection wavelength of 265 nm. RESULTS: The average recoveries for(+)-catechin and(-)-epicatechin and berberine hydrochloride were 100.9% and 99.9% and 97.0%,precision of the method were 2.52% and 2.53% and 2.70%(RSD,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSION: The method can be used for quantitative determination of the preparation.

OBJECTIVE:To establish capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Yuanhu zhitong tablet. METHODS:The separation was performed on a uncoated fused silica capillary (55 cm?75 ?m ID,effective length of 47 cm) with 20 mmol?L-1 NaH2PO4+100 mmol?L-1 SDS+80%formamide as buffer solution (pH=7.12). The separation voltage was 15 kV and the sample was injected by gravity (5 s,15 cm). The detection wavelength was 254 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of imperatorin and isoimperatorin were 8.0～40.0 ?g?mL-1(r=0.998 7) and 4.0～20.0 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 0). The average recovery was 101.3% for imperatorin (RSD=3.24%,n=6) and 100.2% for isoimperatorin(RSD=1.44%,n=6). CONCLUSION:The method is convenient,rapid and accurate for the quality control of Yuanhu zhitong tablet.

Objective Using the contents of naphthaquinine and shikonin as the indices,the influences of ultrasonic extraction and soxhlet extraction on the active constituents in Arnebia euchroma(Royle)Johnst.were studied.Methods An orthogonal design was applied.Naphthaquinine content was determined by spectrophotometry and shikonin content by HPLC.The extraction rate of the two extracting methods was compared to optimize the process condition.Results By using the two extracting methods,particle size had an obvious effect on the extraction rate of naphthaquinine(the bigger particle,the higher extraction rate),but had no effect on the extraction rate of shikonin;the solvent of ethanol showed different effects on the extraction rate of active constituents by using the two extraction methods,the extraction rate being higher by ultrasonic extraction while lower by soxhlet extraction.Conclusion Ultrasonic extraction is efficient,and with energy and time saving in extracting active constituents of Arnebia euchroma(Royle)Johnst.,which is superior to soxhlet extraction.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of imperatorin in Qingwen jiedu tablets(heat-clearing and detoxifying agent).METHODS:The chromatographic separation was performed on Diamonsil-C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)with column temperature kept at 35 ℃.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(70∶30)at a flow rate of 0.8 mL?min-1 with detection wavelength set at 300 nm.RESULTS:The linear range of imperatorin was 2.7～27.0 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9)with its average recovery at 98.9%(RSD=1.44%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The established method was proved to be well-separated,sensitive,accurate and applicable for the quality control of Qingwen jiedu tablets.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of shikonin in Arnebia euchroma by HPCE-UV.METHODS:The separation was performed on uncoated fused silica capillary column (53 cm?50 ?m ID,46 cm effective length).2.0 mmol?L-1 H3BO3,6.0 mmol?L-1 triethylamine buffer solution and 5.0 mmol?L-1?-CD was used as background electrolyte,14 kV separation voltage and time of gravity injection 15 s (25 cm).The detection wavelength was set at 516 nm.RESULTS:The linear range of shikonin was 7.2～36.0 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 0) with an average recovery of 100.15%(RSD=1.68%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The method is convenient,rapid,accurate and reliable for the content determination of shikonin in A.euchroma.

Objective To seek a optimization method for lung cancer planning with Helical TomoTherapy for reducing the low dose area of total lung.Methods CT images of thirty patients with unilateral lung cancer were selected.Seven plans (Groups A,B,C,D,E,F and G) were generated for each patient using an identical optimization procedure with the conditions that implemented contralateral lung with unblocked (control group),1/4 directional block,1/2 directional block,directional block,1/4 complete block,1/2 complete block and complete block,respectively.The benefits in different schemes of reducing the low dose area of normal lung tissue were estimated,in order to provide a reference treatment plan scheme in clinical.Results Groups B,C,D and E had less influence on the target than that of group A.And there were no statistical difference between the target dosimetric parameters.The median dose and average dose of group F were increased within 0.5 Gy.The conformal index of group G had great influence on the target.The low dose area of total lung were reduced effectively in Groups C,D,E,F and G,the average decrease of V5 and V10 was 8.06％-45.26％ and 6.21％-33.95％,respectively.The V20 decreased by 1.71％-3.78％ in directional block group,while V20 increased in complete block group (2.07％-5.07％).The single treatment time was increased by 8.51％-79.22％.Conclusions The results showed that the low dose area of total lung was higher for the plan without any block limitation.It could reduce the low dose area of total lung with directional block.We should lengthen the blocking arc of contralateral lung with directional block based on the fractional treatment time and the patient's physical condition.A certain arc of contralateral lung with complete block could effectively reduce low dose area.When complete block was used,it is suggested that the arc was no more than half of the contralateral lung.

Objective To investigate the setup errors of head and neck tumor patients with head mask-ing by TomoTherapy with megavoltage CT (MVCT),and to measure the CTV -PTV margins.Methods There were 34 patients with head and neck tumor .All patients had received MVCT scanning before radiation was deliv-ered.The MVCT images were registered with the kilovoltage CT (kVCT)images,the setup errors of the left -right (x),anterior-posterior(y),superior-inferior(z)and transverse profile rotation(Roll)were obtained by matc-hing MVCT with kVCT,followed by calculating the reasonable CTV -PTV margins with the formula M=2.5∑+0.7σ.Results Six hundred and forty MVCT images in total were received for the patients ,the systemic ±random errors in x,y,z and Roll directions were ( -0.15 ±0.55) mm,(0.30 ±0.56) mm,(0.35 ±0.71) mm and (-0.07 ±0.52)°,the CTV-PTV margin in x,y and z directions were 3.31 mm,5.32 mm and 3.35 mm.Con-clusion we demonstrate a theoretic foundation for our CTV -PTV margins in head and neck tumor patients by analyzing the setup errors ,and it also can provide necessary quality assurance for precise radiation .

Objective To study the dose characteristics of Body γ Knife and Tomotherapy treatment plans for hepatocellular carcinoma,and compare their differences between organs at risk (OAR) dose and the range of low dose.Methods CT simulation images of twelve patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were selected,the target volume and OAR were drew by doctor.Body γ Knife and Tomotherapy treatment plans were optimized with their own planning station.The dosimetric characteristics were evaluated by dose volume histograms and were compared.To analyze the difference between the two techniques,the paired t-test was applied.Results The Dmax and Dmean of target with Body γ Knife were higher than Tomotherapy (P =0.002,0.000),but the conformal index of PTV of Tomotherapy was superior to the Body γ Knife (P =0.001).The Dmax of spinal cord and left kidney with Body γ Knife was lower than Tomotherapy (P =0.013,0.012),and it was also in the Dean of stomach and left kidney (P =0.010,0.023).In the volume dose comparison,the V40,V35,V30,V25 and V20 of normal tissue (all Body-PTV) and liver (all liver-GTV) with Body γ Knife were higher than Tomotherapy (P =0.001,0.001,0.001,0.007,0.029),but the V10 and V5 were lower (P =0.019,0.031),the Dmax of stomach,Dmean of right kidney and liver were no statistical difference (P =0.247,0.308,0.401).Conclusions Both treatment plans could meet the clinical dosimetric need,by the same prescription dose,Dmax and Dmean of target of Body γ Knife were higher than Tomotherapy.Tomotherapy had excellent dose-target conformal and could reduce the range of V25-V40 of OAR and normal tissue,but the range of V5-V10 was increased obviously.

Tomotherapy plans were produced using a combination of field widths (1 cm, 2.5 cm and 5 cm) and pitches (0.15, 0.30, and 0.45) for seven patients with brain metastases from lung cancer, the plans were compared with dosimetric parameters, protection of organs at risk (OAR) dose and treatment times. All plans were defined that CTV with 30Gy and GTV 50 Gy by ten fraction synchronously. The results showed that the mean dose and CI for GTV was statistical difference (P = 0.002 1, P = 0.012 8), OARs were within the normal range, the treatment time increased inversely proportional to the jaw width, but had lesser impact on the pitch. This study showed plans produced with 5 cm jaw was an effective method for patients with brain metastases from lung cancer.
Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Objective To analyze the setup errors of bone metastases patients by tomotherapy with megavoltage CT (MVCT) and calculate the CTV-PTV margins.Methods 30 patients with bone metastases were enrolled.All patients received tomotherapy,fixed with body net and received MVCT scanning before radiation.The MVCT images were registered with the kilovoltage CT (kVCT) images,the setup errors of X (lateral),Y (vertical),Z (longitudina) and Roll (transverse profile rotation) were obtained according to the formula M =2.5Σ+0.7σ calculated CTV-PTV margin.Results 30 patients were received 494 MVCT images.The errors of systemic±random were (2.85±0.77) mm,(3.11±0.95) mm,(2.21±0.55) mm,and (0,55±0.24)° on X,Y,Z and Roll directions,respectively.The CTV-PTV margins were 3.64 mm,4.17 mm,and 2.86 mm on X,Y,Z directions,respectively.Conclusion The application of image-guided technology for bone metastases can correct positioning in time,which greatly reduces setup errors of the fractionated treatment,further improves the treat accuracy and has a positive value in guiding clinical radiotherapy.