Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To investigate the correlation between auditory steady-state response (ASSR)and behavioral audiometry threshold in deaf children.Methods A total of 63 cases (126 ears)of severely and profoundly hearing impaired children from 0.5 years to 6 years were divided to Group A of 0.5~1.0 years,Group B of 1.1~3.0 years and Group C of 3.1~6.0 years old.ASSR and behavioral hearing tests were conducted in the sound field. 0.5~1.0 years old children were tested with the behavior observation Audiometry (BOA),1~2 years old children with visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA),while those of 3 ~6 with play audiometry (PA).Results For the ASSR response thresholds and pure tone hearing thresholds at 0.5,1,2 and 4 kHz,the correlation coefficients were 0.75,0.76,0.76,and 0.83,respectively.There was a significant correlation (P <0.01 ).The hearing thresholds were generally lower than the ASSR response thresholds,and with increasing frequency,the gaps were narrowed between the two.For Group A at each frequency the response thresholds and behavioral audiometry correlations were lower than those of Group B and C with the lowest at 0.5 kHz.Conclusion For the children of 0.5~6 years, ASSR and behavioral audiometric thresholds have good correlations.ASSR can provide information about the behav-ior thresholds for young children and those high risk children and for fitting hearing aids.

Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; Glottis ; Humans ; Infant

OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily determine the gene mutation frequency and the hotspots in Henan province, we analysed the deafness-related gene mutation in patients with non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL). METHOD: Genomic DNA samples of 100 patients with NSHL in Henan province were extracted from peripheral blood after clinical history inquiry and clinical examination, Four common deafness genes GJB2, SLC26A4, mitochondrial 12SrRNA, and GJB3 were detected by Sanger sequencing method,and then data analysis were conducted. RESULT: Among 100 patients with NSHL. the gene mutation frequency was 44%. In these patients, 29 cases had GJB2 mutations, 13 cases had SLC26A4 gene mutations, and 3 cases had mitochondrial 12SrRNA mutations. CONCLUSION Among the patients with NSHL in Henan province, the most frequent mutation causing hereditary deafness was mutation in GJB2, followed by SLC26A4,and it will provide a theoretical basis to determine the etiology of deafness in Henan Province.
China ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Deafness ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Sulfate Transporters

BACKGROUNDThere are many factors that affect the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to analyze the influential factors and prognosis in patients with NSCLC following operation.

METHODSFrom January 1996 to January 2003, 1380 patients with NSCLC treated surgically were retrospectively studied. The correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTSIn the whole group, 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate was 78.85%, 49.78% and 38.96% respectively, and median survival time (MST) was 38.77 months. According to univariate analysis, tumor size, pathologic type, clinical type (central or peripheral), TNM stages, lymph node involvement, surgical procedure, postoperative chemotherapy, and cycles of chemotherapy were significantly related to the survival of patients. By multivariate analysis, tumor size, TNM stages, lymph node status and postoperative chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONSTumor size, TNM stages, lymph node involvement and postoperative chemotherapy are independent prognostic factors for NSCLC following the surgical procedure.

BACKGROUNDWith the development of social industrialization and aging of the population, patients with lung cancer have the tendency of becoming youthful and elderly, therefore the way of treatment should be also changed. In resent years, lung cancer in young and elderly patients have been reported respectively, but simultaneous contrast analysis of clinical feature and prognosis in elderly, normal and youthful patients have been rarely reported. Based on the clinic data in the patients, the clinical feature and prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer at different ages were analyzed.

METHODSFrom January 1996 to January 2003, 1380 patients with NSCLC were treated surgically in thoracic department in our hospital, the patients were divided into three group based on their age, group 1 (G1) (range ≤40), group 2 (G2) (range 41-69), group 3 (G3) (range ≥70). The clinical feature and prognosis were analyzed in each group.

RESULTSThe mean age in the whole group was 58.16±0.26, and 35.76±0.57 (range 12-40) in G1, 58.00±0.22 (range 41-69) in G2, 72.30±0.21 (range 70-80) in G3. The ratio of lung cancer in female between G1 and G3 was significant different (P=0.024). The coexisting diseases in G3 were more common than those of other groups (P=0.000). Squamous cell carcinoma was the main type in histology, accounting for 41.79% (28/67), 54.12% (644/1190) and 58.54% (72/123) in each group respectively (P=0.080), but the ratio of adenocarcinoma, higher than that of other groups, were 43.28% (29/67), 29.50% (351/1190) and 26.82% (33/123) (P=0.036). Lobectomy and pneumonectomy were the main surgical procedures, accounting for 58.21%, 65.29%, 78.86% (P=0.004) and 34.33%, 26.22%, 12.20% (P=0.001), respectively. The ratio of stage III were 43.28% (29/67), 38.82% (462/1190), and 26.02% (32/123) in each groups (P=0.015). 55.22% (37/67) in G1 received adjuvant chemotherapy, 47.48% (565/1190) in G2, and 29.27% (36/123) in G3 (P=0.000). 5-year survival rate was 38.96% in the whole group, 29.99% in G1, 39.61% in G2, and 37.99% in G3 (P=0.494).

CONCLUSIONSIn young patients with non-small cell lung cancer, female and adenocarcinoma make up the majority of the number, and a lot of patients are in advanced stage and likely to adopt adjuvant chemotherapy. While in elderly, squamous cell carcinoma accounts for the majority of the number, and more coexisting diseases are accompanied, much more complications occur after surgical procedure. Nevertheless, their prognosis has no significant difference.

BACKGROUNDThe influence of tumor size on prognosis has been determined in different stages of lung cancer, but it is not clear yet within the same stage of lung cancer, especially for those less than 3cm in diameter. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of tumor size on prognosis in stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSA total of 142 consecutive, surgically treated patients with pathologic stage IA NSCLC were analysed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was performed to estimate the survival of patients with different tumor size. And a COX proportional hazard regression model was used to make multivariate analysis about age, gender, pathologic type, tumor size and chemoradiotherapy or not.

RESULTSThere were 60 patients with tumor diameter less than 2.0cm, and 82 between 2.1 to 3.0cm. The overall 3-and 5-year survival rate was 84.41% and 70.89% respectively, in which tumor diameter less than 2.0cm group was 94.91% and 81.40%, tumor diameter between 2.1 to 3.0cm group was 82.18% and 64.91% (P=0.0353), respectively. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, the tumor size was an independent prognostic factor for survival.

CONCLUSIONSSince the tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC, it is necessary to improve the level of imageological diagnosis so as to treat the patients much earlier.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics of bronchial tumors in 3 children to improve the diagnosis of pediatric bronchial tumor.

METHODSThree cases of children bronchial malignant tumors diagnosed by rigid bronchoscopy were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe 3 children were males, aged from 6 to 10 years old, and presented with cough, sputum, and fever symptoms for 1 day to 3 months. Chest CT scan and airway remodeling examinations indicated the children's main bronchi were blocked and then the diagnoses of bronchial foreign bodies were made. However bronchial tumors were found in the 3 children by rigid bronchoscopy and were determined as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, large cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSChildren with bronchial tumor often present with cough, wheezing and other respiratory symptoms that are not specific to bronchial tumor. When a child complaint of repeated cough and wheezing symptoms with unknown cause, not only bronchial foreign body and also bronchial tumor should be considered.

Bronchi ; pathology ; Bronchoscopy ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; diagnosis ; Child ; Cough ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Male ; Respiratory Sounds ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo explore the perioperative management of bilateral bronchial foreign bodies in infants to improve the cure rate in the children.

METHODSThe medical charts of 45 infants with bilateral bronchial foreign bodies were reviewed. Clinical features and key points to surgery as well as post-operative care were analyzed.

RESULTSAll foreign bodies were removed with rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia, and 44 of 45 infants were cured with assistance of anti-infective treatments within 3-5 days and one with acute laryngitis and bronchitis was cured through 10-day anti-infective treatment with vancomycin.

CONCLUSIONRemoval of foreign body by rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia is a preferred method to treat bilateral bronchial foreign bodies in infants, to whom early diagnosis, early treatment and postoperative careful care are keys to get a good outcome.

Anesthesia, General ; Bronchi ; surgery ; Bronchitis ; Bronchoscopy ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Perioperative Period ; Trachea

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to analyze the independent risk factors of acute respiratory dysfunction (ARD) in children with airway foreign body and to assess possible prevention and treatment option in the future.

METHODSClinical data of 456 cases of children with airway foreign body were retrospectively collected and analyzed by cluster sampling, including 246 males and 210 females, who received operation in our hospital between July, 2009 and December, 2012, aged 0.5-11 years old, onset to treatment time was 0.15-14 days. Clinical characteristics including age, gender, past medical history, time of onset, temperature, location of the foreign body, category of foreign bodies, complicated by pneumonia, complicated by subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema were gathered. Temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, cyanosis, transcutaneous oxygen saturation or arterial blood analysis were assayed before operation. Risk factors with statistical significance were screened with univariate logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors of ARD were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSAcute respiratory dysfunction occurred in 78 (17.1%) patients. The foreign bodies in 455 cases were successfully removed brochoscopically in the first time. One case received chest surgery for foreign body removal. Total of 452 cases were successfully extubated and ventilator weaned 4-6 h after brochoscopy. In 2 cases, the ventilator was weaned 2-4 d after brochoscopy in ARD group, and 2 cases with severe pneumonia died. Age, location of the foreign body, temperature, complicated by pneumonia, complicated by subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema did not show significant difference between acute respiratory dysfunction group and non- acute respiratory dysfunction group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed location of the foreign body and complicated by pneumonia, complicated by subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema were independent risk factors for ARD.

CONCLUSIONEarly judgement of the risk factors of acute respiratory dysfunction in children with airway foreign body can provide a reference for the operation and perioperation period treatment.

Child ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors