Objective To summarize the clinical experience for treating anterior mitral leaflet prolapse with an artificial chordal loop. Methods From January 2008 to August 2009, pre-measured ePTFE loops were used to treat anterior leaflet prolapse in 8 patients, 5 males and 3 females, aged from 28 to 68 ( average 56.0 ± 8.9 ) years. The heart function (NYHA) was class Ⅱ in 2 patients and class Ⅲ in 6. Echocardiography showed chordal rupture in 7 patients, 2 with chordal rupture and elongation and pure chordal elongation in 1. There were 3 patients with A1 segment prolapse of anterior mitral leaflet, 2 with A2 segment prolapse, 3 with both A2 and A3 segments prolepses by Carpentier standardization. There were 2 patients with posterior leaflet chordal rupture in P2 and P3 segment, 1 with cor triatrium. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was 53 - 62 mm [average ( 57.2±3.8 ) mm]. Ejection fraction (EF) was 0.60 - 0. 68 ( average 0.63 ± 0.02). Heart-thoracic ratio was 0. 52 ± 0. 17. We measured the normal chordal using both a caliber and by echocardiography ( for comparison after operation). The artificial chordal loops was constructed on the caliber using ePTFE suture, and then fixed the loop to the papillary muscle and the free edge of the anterior leaflet. Results There was no operation death. Hemolysis after 2 days of operation in 1 patient was amended by alkalinization, diuresis and hormone treatment. Pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiography showed mild regurgitation in 1patient, trivial regurgitation in 7. LVEDD were 42 -51mm [average (47. 1 ±2.2) mm] significantly decreased than that of pre-operation. Following parameters were measured and compared with pre-operation: EF 0. 58 ± 0. 03 vs. 0. 63 ± 0. 02, beart function ( NYHA ) class 1.25 ± 0. 42 vs. 2.75 ± 0. 58. Normal chordal length measured by caliber was ( 21.20 ± 1.55 ) mm vs. ( 22. 10 ± 2.68 ) mm by echocardiography. Anticoagulate therapy with warfarin was for 3 months after discharge and followed-up all the patients [1 - 19 months, average (8.2 ± 4.3 ) months]. Post operative echocardiography showed mild regurgitation in 1 patient, no or trivial regurgitation in 7 patients. The heart function class was evident improved compared with pre-operation :6 patients in class Ⅰ , 2 patients in class Ⅱ. Conclusion The pre-measured ePTFE loop is reliable and reproducible confirmed by short term follow-up for treating anterior leaflet prolapse.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,pathogenic distribution and drug susceptibility of patients with infective endocarditis (IE).Methods Clinical data of IE patients were collected,who were admitted to Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2012 to March 2015.Results Three hundred and three IE patients were enrolled with age of (43 ± 16)years old.Fever (85.5％)and cardiac murmur (62.4％)were the most common clinical presentations.Congenital heart diseases was the leading underlying diseases in IE patients.Non rheumatic valve diseases (13.5％) followed.Vegetations were found in 90.4％ (274/303) patients.Streptococcus which accounted for 44.2％ was the major pathogen of IE.Staphylococcus (28.9％) was the second common pathogen.Gramnegative bacteria were diversified in categories.Gram-positive cocci were consistently sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.Conclusions Congenital heart disease is the main underlying disease related to IE.Streptococcus is still the primary pathogen.Gram-positive cocci keep good sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid.

Objective: To investigate the indication and midterm outcomes of surgical treatment of traumatic tricuspid insufficiency. Methods: Totally 19 patients with traumatic tricuspid insufficiency who underwent surgical treatment at Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2002 to January 2018 were included in this retrospective study. There were 12 male and 7 female patients, aged (43.1±12.9) years (range: 17-68 years). The main causes of traumatic tricuspid insufficiency included blunt chest trauma following high-speed vehicle accidents (17 patients) and high-fall trauma (2 patients). The preoperative New York Heart Association functional class was class Ⅱ in 5 patients, class Ⅲ in 12 patients, and class Ⅳ in 2 patients. The mechanism of tricuspid insufficiency included anterior chordal rupture in 9 patients, anterior papillary muscle rupture in 3 patients, anterior and posterior chordal or papillary muscle rupture in 4 patients, laceration of leaflet combined with chordal rupture in 2 patients and infection combined with anterior papillary muscle rupture in 1 patient. Anular dilation and enlargement of the right ventricle were observed in all the patients. Paired t test was used to evaluate the echocardiogratic results at preoperation, postoperation and follow-up. Independent sample rank sum test was used to evaluate the intervals between trauma and surgery in tricuspid valve repair group and tricuspid valve replacement group. Results: Tricuspid valve repair was successful in 8 patients, and 11 patients underwent valve replacement. Among the patients who underwent valve replacement, 6 patients received mechanical valve and 5 received bioprosthetic valve. The interval from trauma to surgery of the valve repair group and valve replacement group were 8.5(10.0) months (range: 0.1-13.0 months) and 72.0 (108.0) months (range: 2.0-228.0 months), respectively. Concomitant procedures included debridement in scalp trauma (1 patient), internal fixation of femoral fracture (1 patient). One patient died from liver failure 10 days after operation and the remaining patients survived. Eighteen patients were followed up for (94±50) months, 15 patients were in New York Heart Association functional class Ⅰ and 3 patients in class Ⅱ. One patient received redo-tricuspid valve replacement because of mechanical valve failure at the 11 years of follow-up. Conclusions The midterm outcomes of surgical treatment of severe traumatic tricuspid insufficiency were satisfactory. Early diagnosis and surgical invention were recommended to achieve successful valve repair.