OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical research progress of surgical procedures for cubital tunnel syndrome. METHODS: The related literature on surgical procedures for cubital tunnel syndrome was summarized and analyzed. RESULTS: Multiple surgical procedures have been applied to treat cubital tunnel syndrome, including simple decompression, subcutaneous transposition, submuscular transposition, medial epicondylectomy, intramuscular transposition, and ulnar groove plasty. Each procedure has its own advantages and disadvantages. With the development of minimally invasive surgical technique, endoscope-assisted surgery has been gradually applied to treat cubital tunnel syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal surgical procedure remains controversial and individualized treatment decision based on patient's clinical conditions is recommended.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to differentiate between transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke using fractional anisotropy and three-dimensional (3D) fiber tractography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained for 45 TIA patients and 33 minor stroke patients. The fractional anisotrophy ratio (rFA) between the lesion and the mirrored corresponding contralateral normal tissue was calculated and analyzed. The spatial relationship between the lesion and the corticospinal tract (CST) was analyzed and the lesion sizes in the minor stroke patients and TIA patients were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 45 TIA patients (49%) revealed focal abnormalities following DWI. The rFA was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the stroke patients (0.71 +/- 0.29) compared to that of the TIA patients (1.05 +/- 0.37). The CST was involved in almost all stroke lesions, but it was not involved in 68% of the TIA lesions. The TIA patients had significantly lower CST injury scores (3.25 +/- 1.75) than did the stroke patients (8.80 +/- 2.39) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that TIA and minor stroke can be identified by analyzing the rFA and the degree of CST involvement, and this may also allow more accurate prediction of a patient's long-term recovery or disability.
Aged ; Anisotropy ; Area Under Curve ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; *Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stroke/*pathology

Schinzel-Giedion syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease and has the clinical features of severe delayed development, unusual facies, and multiple congenital malformations. In this case report, a 14-month-old boy had the clinical manifestations of delayed development, unusual facies (prominent forehead, midface retraction, hypertelorism, low-set ears, upturned nose, and micrognathia), and multiple congenital malformations (including cerebral dysplasia, dislocation of the hip joint, and cryptorchidism). The karyotype analysis and copy number variations showed no abnormalities, and whole exon sequencing showed a de novo heterozygous missense mutation, c.2602G > A (p. D868N), in SETBP1 gene. Therefore, the boy was diagnosed with Schinzel-Giedion syndrome. Myoclonic seizures in this boy were well controlled by sodium valproate treatment, and his language development was also improved after rehabilitation treatment. Clinical physicians should improve their ability to recognize such rare diseases, and Schinzel-Giedion syndrome should be considered for children with unusual facies, delayed development, and multiple malformations. Gene detection may help with the diagnosis of this disease.
Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Craniofacial Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Developmental Disabilities ; diagnosis ; Face ; abnormalities ; Hand Deformities, Congenital ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Nails, Malformed ; diagnosis ; genetics

Polyelectrolyte with a large number of cations or anions could precipitate the oppositely charged proteins to form polyelectrolyte-protein complexes, which then aggregated to form larger particles via electrostatic attraction or hydrophobic interaction. The precipitation was affected by the molecular weight and concentration of the polyelectrolyte as well as the ionic strength and pH of the solution. The use of precipitation is an efficient method for selective separation of proteins from crude biological mixtures in the downstream processes of bioengineering.
Acrylic Resins ; chemistry ; Chemical Precipitation ; Electrolytes ; chemistry ; Polyethyleneimine ; chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Proteins ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of adhesion molecules' expressions during the recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) mobilization in peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), and to confirm the influence of rhG-CSF on hematopoietic stem cells, which are proposed to guide mobilization in PBSCT.

METHODSMice were injected subcutaneously with diluted rhG-CSF or normal saline for 7 days. The blood Sca-1(+) stem cell count and bone marrow (BM) nucleated cell count were enumerated. The expressions of CD49d and CD44 and the adhesive ability of mononuclear cells to bone marrow matrix (fibronectin) were examined by flow cytometry and (51)Cr adhesive assay, respectively.

RESULTSThe mobilizing effect of rhG-CSF on mice was the same as on humans. The number of Sca-1(+) cells in peripheral blood reached the peak on the seventh day, the BM nucleated cell count was reduced, and the expressions of CD49d and the cells' adhesive ability in BM and PB declined.

CONCLUSIONSrhG-CSF can reduce some cell adhesion molecules' expressions and the adhesive ability of hematopoietic stem cells to BM matrix, therefore mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from the BM to the peripheral blood.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Female ; Fibronectins ; physiology ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; analysis ; physiology ; Integrin alpha4 ; analysis ; physiology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Proteins

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a new technique which combines molecular biology, histochemistry, and cytology. It can quantify and locate specific nucleic acids at the cellular and chromosomal levels and is widely used in virological research. ISH is of great significance for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleic acids (RNA and replicative intermediate DNA) and covalently closed circular DNA. This article reviews the development of ISH and its application in HBV research.

Bone marrow mensenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are capable of supporting the survival, differentiation and migration of hematopoietic stem cell, and have a profound application prospect in transplantation and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This review aims to illustrate the interaction between BM-MSCs and other intra-bone marrow cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial cells and osteoblasts. The investigation of their regulating mechanism will help better understanding of the BM-MSCs' role in hematopoiesis.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Communication ; physiology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology

To clarify the relationship between VLA-4 (CD49d) expression and hematopoietic cell migrating direction, mice were injected subcutaneously with diluted rhG-CSF for different times. The expressions of CD49d on Sca-1(+) cells were examined by flow cytometry. The relations between CD49d expression and Sca-1(+) cell enumerations were performed by statistical analysis. The results showed that with the administration of G-CSF, the expressions of CD49d in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) declined, meanwhile the number of Sca-1(+) cells in peripheral blood reached the peak in sharp contrast to BM nucleated cell number dropping on the seventh to ninth day. When CD49d expression rose again, the PB Sca-1(+) cells descended with the rising of BM nucleated cell number. In conclusion, VLA-4 mediates the hematopoietic cell adhesion to BM microenvironment. The regulation of CD49d expression may result in different migrating direction of hematopoietic cell between bone marrow and peripheral blood.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Count ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Integrin alpha4beta1 ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Time Factors

Objective: To study the surgical treatments of scapula fracture through the muscle space of rotator cuff approach and the Judet approach, and to evaluate and compare the clinical results. Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2015, 50 patients with scapula fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of reconstruction plate. Twenty-four patients were treated through the muscle space of rotator cuff approach (group A), and 26 patients were treated through the Judet approach (group B). There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, type of fracture, and the interval between injury and operation ( P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and incision length were recorded, and the shoulder functions after fracture healing confirmed by X-ray films were evaluated according to the Hardegger's scoring system. Results: The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and incision length in group A were significantly lower than those in group B ( P < 0.05). The incisions of the two groups healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-13 months (mean, 11.6 months) in group A and 7-15 months (mean, 12.1 months) in group B. According to Hardegger standard, the effectiveness was rated as excellent in 19 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 1 case, with the excellent and good rate of 95.8% in group A, and as excellent in 15 cases, good in 4 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 2 cases with the excellent and good rate of 73.1% in group B. The difference in effectiveness between 2 groups was significant (χ 2=4.81， P=0.03). X-ray films showed that the reduction and internal fixation were satisfied and the fractures healed in 2 groups. The fracture healing time were (29.86±8.38) weeks in group A and (30.05±7.99) weeks in group B, showing no significant difference between 2 groups ( t=0.16, P=0.87). Conclusion: Compared with the Judet approach, the muscle space of rotator cuff approach has advantages of clearly exposure, less muscular dissection, less intraoperative blood loss, less operation time, easier operation, and satisfied shoulder function can be obtained.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatic steatosis and fat deposition in hepatocytes in the absence of significant alcohol use. A growing number of studies have shown significant dysregulation of intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a clinical syndrome induced by excessive bacteria in small intestine. This article reviewed the correlation between SIBO and NAFLD, as well as the effect of probiotics on treatment of NAFLD.