BACKGROUND:Titanium and its alloys are widely used in orthopedic implants due to their excellent biocompatibility,corrosion resistance,and mechanical properties.However,it has biological inertia itself,cannot provide a good growth environment for osteoblasts,and it is difficult to form good osseointegration. OBJECTIVE:To construct a composite hydrogel material of gelatin methacryloyl and polyacrylamide on the surface of titanium alloy scaffold,and analyze its osteogenic ability in vitro. METHODS:Gelatin methacryloyl was mixed with acrylamide.Crosslinking agent and catalyst were added to synthesize gelatin methacryloyl and acrylamide(Gelma-PAAM)composite hydrogel.The titanium alloy scaffold modified by affinity silane was mixed with the Gelma hydrogel and Gelma-PAAM composite hydrogel to complete the loading(recorded as Ti-Gelma and Ti-Gelma-PAAM,respectively).The swelling ratio and degradation rate of the two hydrogels on the surface of the scaffold were compared.The bonding state between hydrogels and titanium alloy was observed by scanning electron microscope.Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated into Ti,Ti-Gelma and Ti-Gelma-PAAM scaffolds,separately.Cell proliferation,adhesion,and osteogenic differentiation were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with Gelma hydrogel,Gelma-PAAM hydrogel had higher swelling rate and lower degradation rate.(2)Scanning electron microscope showed that the surface of the two kinds of hydrogels was honeycomb structure.After being combined with porous titanium alloy scaffold,the film was wrapped on the surface of scaffold and filled with pores.Among them,the Gelma-PAAM composite hydrogel coated the scaffold more fully.(3)CCK-8 assay and live/dead fluorescence staining showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferated well after coculture with Ti-Gelma and Ti-Gelma-PAAM scaffolds and maintained high activity.After osteogenic induction culture,alkaline phosphatase activity,calcium deposition,and osteogenic gene expression of cells of titanium alloy scaffold group were the lowest,and alkaline phosphatase activity,calcium deposition,and osteogenic gene expression of cells of Ti-Gelma-PAAM scaffold group were the highest.(4)Phalloidin cytoskeletal staining exhibited that the cells of pure titanium alloy scaffold group and Ti-Gelma scaffold group were sparse and insufficiently extended,while the cells of Ti-Gelatin-PAAM group had the most adequate stretching and the densest filamentous actin.(5)The results show that Gelma-PAAM hydrogel has good biocompatibility and osteogenic ability,and is more suitable for osteogenic modification on the surface of titanium alloy than Gelma hydrogel.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,cervical facet joints have been paid more and more attention to the pathogenesis and surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis,but there are few anatomical studies on adult lower cervical facet joints. OBJECTIVE:To measure three-dimensional parameters of the lower cervical facet to provide a basis for the design of the lower cervical transarticular facet screw guide. METHODS:From June 2021 to June 2022,100 cases receiving cervical spine CT examination in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were selected,with 50 males and 50 females,aged 20-50 years.After screening,each image showed no cervical spinal stenosis,cervical disc herniation,obvious bone hyperplasia,infection or tumor.The sagittal inclination angle of each segment of the cervical spine facet joint and the angle between the lower cervical spine facet joint surface and the transarticular facet joint screw at the C3-7 levels were measured after 3D reconstruction.According to the measurement results of statistical analysis,a lower cervical transarticular facet screw guide was designed using CAD software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The inclination angle of the cervical facet joint surface on the sagittal plane was distributed in a U-shaped shape centered on C5,and the magnitude relationship was C7>C6>C3>C4>C5.The relationship between transarticular facet screw angles on the sagittal plane was:C6/7>C5/6>C4/5>C3/4,where the angle of C3/4,C4/5 and C5/6 was close to 90°,and the angle of C6/7 exceeded 100°.By measuring the sagittal inclination angle of the cervical facet joint and the angle of the transarticular facet screw,this study designed a guide that was perpendicular to the lower cervical facet joint surface in the sagittal plane.

BACKGROUND:The low catalytic activity and lack of targeting of commonly used metal ions have severely limited the clinical application of chemodynamic therapy in tumor treatment.On the other hand,although the composite nanoplatforms are endowed with tumor-targeting functions by surface functionalization,the lack of tumor microenvironment acidity also severely weakens the efficacy of chemodynamic therapy. OBJECTIVE:To prepare novel composite nanoplatforms and assess their feasibility to enhance the effects of chemodynamic therapy at the cellular level. METHODS:SLC-0111-loaded zeolite imidazole framework-8 doped with divalent iron ions(Fe2+)and divalent cobalt ions(Co2+)(Fe-Co/ZIF-8@SLC-0111)was synthesized by ion-exchange reaction and self-assembly,and loaded with hyaluronic acid(HA)by electrostatic adsorption,followed by obtaining the target nanoparticles Fe-Co/ZIF-8@SLC-0111-HA(abbreviated as FC-S).Meanwhile,nanoparticles Fe-Co/ZIF-8-HA(abbreviated as FC)without SLC-0111 were synthesized by the same method.The nanocomposite platform was tested for particle size,zeta potential,surface morphology,in vitro reactive oxygen species generation,and ability to consume glutathione.Human osteosarcoma cell MG-63 and mouse fibroblast cell L929 were used as experimental subjects.The cytotoxicity of FC-S was detected by CCK-8 assay.Human osteosarcoma cell MG-63 was used as the experimental object to detect the cell internalization of FC-S.In addition to H2O2,the effects of FC-S and FC on intracellular pH,carbonic anhydrase 9 protein expression,cell viability and apoptosis,intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione content,and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The FC-S composite nanoplatform was successfully prepared with a well-defined rhombic dodecahedral structure,uniform size and good dispersion.Its particle size was about 323 nm;zeta potential was about-11.1 mV,and the nanoplatform had a certain reactive oxygen species generation capacity in vitro.(2)FC-S nanoplatforms accumulated intracellularly in a time-dependent manner and could successfully escape from lysosomes.When the mass concentration of FC-S was≤20 μg/mL,there was no obvious cytotoxicity to MG-63 cells and L929 cells,and 20 μg/mL FC-S was selected to act on MG-63 cells in subsequent experiments.(3)Compared with FC group,the protein expression of carbonic anhydrase 9 in MG-63 cells in FC-S group was decreased(P<0.01);the intracellular acidic environment was enhanced;the content of reactive oxygen species was increased(P<0.001);the mitochondrial damage was aggravated;the number of dead cells was increased,and the apoptosis rate was increased(P<0.001).(4)The results indicate that FC-S,as a novel composite nanoplatform,can effectively improve the weakly acidic microenvironment in tumor cells and enhance the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species production,thus enhancing the efficacy of chemodynamic therapy.