ObjectiveTo identify the pathogen species responsible for the wilt disease of Tetradium ruticarpum in Chongqing， investigate there biological characteristics， and screen effective fungicides， so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease control in production. MethodsThe pathogen was isolated via the tissue culture method. Pathogenicity was verified according to Koch's postulates. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The mycelial growth rate method was used for biological characterization of the pathogen and fungicide screening. ResultsThe pathogen colonies were nearly circular with irregular edges， white， short， velvety aerial hyphae， and pale purple undersides. Macroconidia were colorless， sickle-shaped， with 3-5 septa， while microconidia were transparent， elliptical， aseptate or with 1-2 septa. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that the pathogen clustered in the same clade as Fusarium fujikuroi with 100% support， which， combined with morphological characteristics， identified the pathogen causing wilt of T. ruticarpum in Chongqing as F. fujikuroi. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of F. fujikuroi were mung bean agar （MBA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract and yeast powder as nitrogen sources， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and alternating light/dark conditions. The optimal conditions for sporulation were potato dextrose agar （PDA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract as the nitrogen source， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and complete darkness. Among chemical fungicides， phenazine-1-carboxylic acid exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on F. fujikuroi. Shenqinmycin and tetramycin were the most effective bio-fungicides. ConclusionThis study is the first to report F. fujikuroi as the causal agent of wilt disease in T. rutaecarpa. The chemical fungicide phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and the bio-fungicides shenqinmycin and tetramycin showed strong inhibitory effects against F. fujikuroi.

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), raising significant concerns about their impact on human health. Research highlights the hazardous effects of MPs/NPs on both male and female reproductive systems, influencing germ cells, embryo development, and progeny. Additionally, studies show that MPs/NPs affect the gene expression of anabolic steroid hormones in vitro and in vivo, inducing reproductive toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Considering these adverse effects, identifying natural compounds that can mitigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs is increasingly important. Plants offer a wealth of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can counteract these harmful effects. Among these, anthocyanins, natural colorants responsible for the vibrant hues of fruits and flowers, exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties. Moreover, anthocyanins can modulate sex hormone levels and alleviate reproductive toxicity. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), one of the most extensively studied anthocyanins, shows promise in reducing reproductive toxicity, particularly in females, and in protecting male reproductive organs, including the testis and epididymis. This protective effect is believed to result from its interaction with steroid receptors, specifically the androgen and estrogen receptors (ERs). These findings highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which anthocyanins mitigate the reproductive toxicity caused by MPs/NPs. This review provides novel insights into how natural compounds can be leveraged to lessen the impact of environmental contaminants on human health, especially concerning reproductive health.

The dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12), which may result from genomic alterations or modulation by upstream effectors, is implicated in cancer oncogenesis and progression. CDK12 overexpression or activation is sufficient to induce tumor initiation, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. However, CDK12 may also exert tumor-suppressive functions in a context-dependent manner. Therefore, caution is warranted when targeting CDK12 in future clinical trials. A comprehensive elucidation of the dual roles and underlying mechanisms of CDK12 in carcinogenesis is urgently needed to advance precision oncology. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the dysregulation and biological roles of CDK12 in cancer. Subsequently, we systematically summarize the functions and mechanisms of the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of CDK12 in different contexts. Finally, we discuss the potential of CDK12 as a novel therapeutic target and its implications in clinical oncology, offering insights into future directions for innovative cancer treatment strategies.

The dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 12(CDK12),which may result from genomic alterations or modulation by upstream effectors,is implicated in cancer oncogenesis and progression.CDK12 over-expression or activation is sufficient to induce tumor initiation,recurrence,and therapeutic resistance.However,CDK12 may also exert tumor-suppressive functions in a context-dependent manner.Therefore,caution is warranted when targeting CDK12 in future clinical trials.A comprehensive elucidation of the dual roles and underlying mechanisms of CDK12 in carcinogenesis is urgently needed to advance pre-cision oncology.This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the dysregulation and biological roles of CDK12 in cancer.Subsequently,we systematically summarize the functions and mechanisms of the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of CDK12 in different contexts.Finally,we discuss the potential of CDK12 as a novel therapeutic target and its implications in clinical oncology,offering insights into future directions for innovative cancer treatment strategies.

Microplastics and nanoplastics(MPs/NPs)are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),raising significant concerns about their impact on human health,Research highlights the hazardous effects of MPs/NPs on both male and female reproductive systems,influencing germ cells,embryo development,and progeny.Additionally,studies show that MPs/NPs affect the gene expression of anabolic steroid hormones in vitro and in vivo,inducing reproductive toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation,Considering these adverse effects,identifying natural compounds that can mitigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs is increasingly important.Plants offer a wealth of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can counteract these harmful effects.Among these,anthocyanins,natural colorants responsible for the vibrant hues of fruits and flowers,exhibit a wide range of biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-neoplastic properties.Moreover,anthocyanins can modulate sex hormone levels and alleviate reproductive toxicity.Cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G),one of the most extensively studied anthocyanins,shows promise in reducing reproductive toxicity,particularly in females,and in protecting male reproductive organs,including the testis and epididymis.This protective effect is believed to result from its interaction with steroid receptors,specifically the androgen and estrogen receptors(ERs).These findings highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which anthocyanins mitigate the reproductive toxicity caused by MPs/NPs.This review provides novel insights into how natural compounds can be leveraged to lessen the impact of environmental contaminants on human health,especially concerning reproductive health.

BACKGROUND: Severe stroke has high rates of mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course, causes of worsening, and outcomes of severe ischemic stroke. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled adult patients admitted ≤30 days after ischemic stroke from nine hospitals in China between September 2017 and December 2019. Severe stroke was defined as a score of ≥15 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Clinical worsening was defined as an increase of 4 in the NIHSS score from baseline. Unfavorable functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score ≥3 at 3 months and 1 year after stroke onset, respectively. We performed Logistic regression to explore baseline features and reperfusion therapies associated with clinical worsening and functional outcomes. RESULTS: Among 4201 patients enrolled, 854 patients (20.33%) had severe stroke on admission. Of 3347 patients without severe stroke on admission, 142 (4.24%) patients developed severe stroke in hospital. Of 854 patients with severe stroke on admission, 33.95% (290/854) experienced clinical worsening (median time from stroke onset: 43 h, Q1-Q3: 20-88 h), with brain edema (54.83% [159/290]) as the leading cause; 24.59% (210/854) of these patients died by 30 days, and 81.47% (677/831) and 78.44% (633/807) had unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months and 1 year respectively. Reperfusion reduced the risk of worsening (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.49, P  <0.01), 30-day death (adjusted OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11-0.41, P  <0.01), and unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months (adjusted OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08-0.68, P <0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.50, P  <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one-fifth of patients with ischemic stroke had severe neurological deficits on admission. Clinical worsening mainly occurred in the first 3 to 4 days after stroke onset, with brain edema as the leading cause of worsening. Reperfusion reduced the risk of clinical worsening and improved functional outcomes. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03222024.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Ischemic Stroke/mortality* ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Stroke ; Brain Ischemia

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of double-channel core decompression (CD) combined with medullary cavity irrigation with those of simple CD on progression of collapse and clinical outcomes in non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 19 patients (30 hips) with non-traumatic ONFH who underwent double-channel CD combined with medullary cavity irrigation and admitted between January 2024 and October 2024 (CD+irrigation group). According to a 1: 2 ratio, 54 patients (60 hips) who underwent simple CD and were matched in terms of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were included as the control (CD group). There was no significant difference in baseline data such as age, gender, BMI, affected side, ONFH type, preoperative Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage, bone marrow edema stage, visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, and Harris score between the two groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative discharge time and occurrence of complications were recorded for both groups. The VAS scores before operation and at discharge after operation were compared, and the differences between pre- and post-operation (change values) were calculated for intergroup comparison. The Harris scores before operation and at discharge and 3 months after operation were also compared. During follow-up, X-ray film, CT, and MRI were performed for reexamination. The ARCO stage and bone marrow edema stage were evaluated at 3 months after operation and compared with those before operation to determine whether there was radiological progression or relief. RESULTS: All incisions in both groups healed by first intention after operation, with no infection, femoral neck fracture, or other operation-related complications. All patients were followed up, and the follow-up time of the CD+irrigation group was (146.8±27.7) days, and that of the CD group was (164.3±48.2) days; there was no significant difference between the two groups ( t=1.840, P=0.069). There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). At discharge after operation, the VAS score of the CD+irrigation group was significantly lower than that of the CD group ( P<0.05), and the change value was significantly higher than that of the CD group ( P<0.05). The Harris scores at discharge and 3 months after operation in the CD+irrigation group were significantly higher than those in the CD group ( P<0.05). The Harris score gradually increased with time, and the differences between different time points were significant ( P<0.05). Radiological reexamination showed that there was no significant difference in the ARCO stage and the incidence of radiological progression between the two groups at 3 months after operation ( P>0.05); however, the bone marrow edema stage and the degree of bone marrow edema relief in the CD+irrigation group were better than those in the CD group, with significant differences ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION Double-channel CD combined with medullary cavity irrigation can significantly alleviate hip joint pain and improve joint function in patients with non-traumatic ONFH, reduce the degree of bone marrow edema in the femoral head, and delay the progression of ONFH.
Humans ; Femur Head Necrosis/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Decompression, Surgical/methods* ; Therapeutic Irrigation/methods* ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Middle Aged ; Femur Head/surgery*

Objective:To analyze the latent prevalence of hepatitis B and type 2 diabetes and their correlation through an observational study.Methods:This study used a case-control design. The cases with diabetes were recruited through the diabetes management system and village doctors, while the controls without diabetes were screened from volunteers recruited by village health clinics. Capillary blood samples were collected from the study participants for the measurement of real-time blood glucose level, and venous blood samples were taken from them for the detections of HBV serological markers. Firth logistic regression model was used to fit the relationship between HBsAg positive status and diabetes status.Results:The study included 1 218 diabetes patients, 62 patients with impaired fasting glucose and 491 cases without diabetes. In the cases without diagnosis of diabetes, 11.15% had impaired fasting blood glucose and 4.43% had diabetes. Among those who reported no or unknown diagnosis of hepatitis B, 1.73% were positive for HBsAg, while 18.80% were positive for both HBV core antibody and surface antibody, indicating latent infection of hepatitis B virus. In the non-diabetes group, 0.81% reported hepatitis B history, and in the diabetes group, 2.76% reported hepatitis B history. After adjustment, the HBsAg positive rate was higher in the diabetes group ( OR=2.90, 95% CI: 1.21-6.91). Conclusions:Both diabetes and hepatitis B exhibited a high degree of latent prevalence. The HBsAg positive rate was significantly higher in those with diabetes than in those without diabetes, indicating a potential correlation. These findings highlighted the importance of strengthened screening and management of comorbidities.

Objective:Exploration of the immunogenicity and persistence of three different immunization regimens of hepatitis B vaccines in diabetic patients.Methods:Participants with diabetes and non-diabetic individuals were recruited from study sites and assigned to different vaccination regimens: the diabetic group (①D60Yeast0-1: received 60 μg Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived recombinant HBV vaccine on a 0-1-month schedule; ②D20Yeast0-1-6: received 20 μg Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived recombinant HBV vaccine on a 0-1-6-month schedule; ③D20CHO0-1-6: received 20 μg Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-derived recombinant HBV vaccine on a 0-1-6-month schedule) and the non-diabetic group (ND20Yeast0-1-6: non-diabetic individuals received 20 μg Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived recombinant HBV vaccine on a 0-1-6-month schedule). Venous blood samples were collected at 1,12, and 48 months post-full vaccination to measure anti-HBs levels. Differences in immunogenicity between diabetic and non-diabetic groups, as well as among diabetic subgroups, were analyzed.Results:This study enrolled a total of 564 subjects. In the D20CHO0-1-6 group, the seroconversion rate decreased from 90.72% (95% CI: 84.84%-96.60%) at 1 month to 74.23% (95% CI: 65.37%-83.08%) at 48 months, and the antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) decreased from 676.08 (95% CI: 389.05- 1 148.20) mIU/ml at 1 month to 33.11 (95% CI: 23.44-46.77) mIU/ml at 48 months. In the D20Yeast0-1-6 group, the seroconversion rate declined from 93.81% (95% CI: 89.29%-98.32%) at 1 month to 63.72% (95% CI: 54.71%-72.72%) at 48 months, with antibody GMC dropping from 630.96 (95% CI: 407.40-954.99) mIU/ml to 25.70 (95% CI: 17.78-38.02) mIU/ml over the same period. For the D60Yeast0-1 group, seroconversion rate fell from 82.03% (95% CI: 75.29%-88.77%) to 56.25% (95% CI: 47.54%-64.96%), and antibody GMC decreased from 81.28 (95% CI: 51.29-128.82) mIU/ml to 15.49 (95% CI: 11.75-20.89) mIU/ml between 1 and 48 months. The ND20Yeast0-1-6 group (non-diabetic control) exhibited a higher initial seroconversion rate of 97.56% (95% CI: 94.80%- 100.00%) at 1 month, but it still declined to 76.42% (95% CI: 68.82%-84.03%) at 48 months, with antibody GMC decreasing from 1 318.30 (95% CI: 912.01- 1 905.50) mIU/ml to 34.67 (95% CI: 25.12-47.86) mIU/ml. Multivariate analysis on factors influencing the GMC of antibodies revealed statistically significant differences in antibody GMC between the D20Yeast0-1-6 group and ND20Yeast0-1-6 group at 12 months (a OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.58-0.93) and 48 months (a OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.99) post-vaccination (all P<0.05). As for the diabetic population, when compared with the D20Yeast0-1-6 group, the D60Yeast0-1 group also showed statistically significant differences in antibody GMC at 12 months (a OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.74) and 48 months (a OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.47-0.76)(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The seroconversion rate and antibody GMC gradually decreased over time (1, 12, and 48 months) in the four groups. Diabetic patients showed poor immunogenicity and persistence to hepatitis B vaccines. The immunogenicity and persistence of hepatitis B vaccination in diabetic patients were associated with vaccine type, antigen dose, and vaccination regimen. The CHO cell-recombinant hepatitis B vaccine demonstrated better performance in terms of immunogenicity and persistence among the diabetic population.

Linzhou,formerly known as Lin County,is the pioneer site for cancer prevention and control in China,established as early as 1959.For more than 60 years,the construction of cancer prevention and control system in Linzhou has been continuously improved,but in the face of the new situation of cancer prevention and control,the existing system has deficiencies in cancer registration,screening,treatment,scientific research,science popularization and other aspects.With the establishment of Linzhou Cancer Center,it has brought new opportunities and new mis-sions for Linzhou cancer prevention and control.Based on this,this paper puts forward a series of measures for the construction of Linzhou cancer prevention and control system,aiming to improve the Linzhou cancer prevention and control system and improve the prevention and control efficiency.