Humans ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; May-Thurner Syndrome ; etiology ; Venous Thrombosis ; etiology

Blood Vessels ; injuries ; Extremities ; blood supply ; injuries ; Humans ; Ligation ; Pulmonary Embolism ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Venous Thrombosis ; etiology ; prevention & control

Carotid Stenosis ; surgery ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Humans ; Stents

Aged ; Back ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; metabolism ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery

Animals ; Brain ; cytology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; physiology ; Formaldehyde ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Inflammation ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Pain ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Pain Measurement ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Background: Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is an important cause of deep vein thrombosis, but the incidence of IVCS is still unclear. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of IVCS in an asymptomatic patient population and to evaluate the risk factors in patients with and without IVCS. Methods: From October 2011 to November 2012, a total of 500 patients (228 women and 272 men; mean age of 55.4 ± 14.7 years) with no vascular?related symptoms were enrolled in this study. Computed tomography was performed to evaluate all patients. The degree of venous compression was calculated as the diameter of the common iliac vein at the site of maximal compression divided by the mean diameter of the uncompressed proximal and caudal left common iliac vein (LCIV). We compared the stenosis rate of the common iliac vein in women and men according to age and followed up patients to evaluate outcomes. Results: The mean compression degree of the LCIV was 16% (4%, 36%); 37.8% of patients had a compression degree ≥25% and 9.8% had a compression degree ≥50%. There was a significant difference between men and women in the LCIV compression degree (9% [3%, 30%] vs. 24% [8%, 42%]; U = 4.66, P < 0.01). In addition, the LCIV compression degree among younger women (≤40 years) was significantly different compared with that in older women (>40 years) (42% [31%, 50%] vs. 19% [5%, 39%]; U = 5.14, P < 0.001). Follow?up was completed in 367 patients with a mean follow?up of 39.5 months (range, 6–56 months). The incidence of IVCS in the follow?up period was 1.6%. Stenosis rate and the diameter of the site of maximal compression correlated with the incidence of IVCS. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the stenosis rate was an independent risk factor of IVCS (Wald χ2 = 8.84, hazard ratio = 1.13, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of IVCS was low and correlated with the stenosis rate of iliac vein. Preventative therapy may be warranted for common iliac vein compression in patients at an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, especially patients with a higher iliac vein compression degree.

Angioplasty ; methods ; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ; surgery ; Humans ; Stents

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic parameters to stabilize cerebral blood flow within limits of cerebral autoregualtion. Methods We assessed the flow velocity of middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler and recorded invasively the blood pressure simultaneously. We then analyzed the curves of cerebral blood flow autoregulation (CBFA) and calculated upper limit of autoregulation (ULA) and lower limit of autoregulation (LLA). The values of critical closing pressue (CCP) and resistance area product (RAP) were calculated according to previous theory. The relationship between CCP, RAP and MABP were analyzed. Results In the process of increasing or decreasing blood pressure, ULA and LLA of normal rats were 148.12 ± 7.49 mmHg or 62.96 ± 3.34 mmHg, respectively. When mean artery blood pressue (MABP) changed within limits of cerebral autoregulation, the cerebral blood flow velocity changed little (increasing:0.65± 0.27 cm/s/10mmHg MABP, decreasing:0.43±0.23cm/s/10 mmHg MABP), while CCP and RAP changed significantly (in?creasing: 4.60 ± 1.06 mmHg/10mmHg MABP and 0.11 ± 0.04/10 mmHg MABP, decreasing: 6.74 ± 0.59 mmHg/10 mmHg MABP and 0.09 ± 0.02/10mmHg MABP). After fixing change of blood flow velocity, CCP and RAP were correlated with MABP more remarkablely, although all blood flow velocity, CCP and RAP were significantly correlated with MABP. Conclusion Within limits of cerebral autoregulation, stable cerebral blood flow is mainly achieved by the change of CCP and RAP against blood pressure changing on normal rats, especially the increasing or de?creasing of CCP.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the radiological findings of labyrinthitis and evaluate the diagnosis value of HRCT and MRI. METHODS The HRCT and MR images of 27 cases ( 31 ears) with labyrinthitis,suggested by clinical examinations and abnormal changes on images coexisting,were studied. RESULTS In the 22 ears which underwent HRCT examinations,6 ears showed increase of the density of one or more structures of inner ear,8 ears showed increase of the density of structure as well as change of the shape of the inner ear,1 ear showed change of the shape only. Labyrinth inner cavity appeared local or total sclerosis and disappearance in 7 ears. Among the 22 ears,there was bony incompleteness in 4 besides the changes mentioned above. In the 9 ears which accepted HRCT and MR scanning,7 ears showed abnormal changes of different degree in the inner ear on HRCT images and the other 2 appeared normal. On MR images,all 9 ears showed decrease or disappearance of the signal of T2WI in one or more structures of membranous labyrinth. Among the 6 ears which performed contrast scanning,markedly enhancement was seen in 4 and no enhancement in 2 ears. Of all the 31 ears,cochlea was involved in 30,of which only basal turn involved in 5,upper and second turns in 2 and all turns in 23,semicircular canal involved in 26,vestibule in 20,oval window in 18 and round window in 19. CONCLUSION HRCT can demonstrate the abnormal changes of bony labyrinth,and MRI is helpful to detect the changes of labyrinth inner cavity. They have important value in the detection and diagnosis of labyrinthitis.