OBJECTIVETo study the effects of gypenoside (Gyp) on the activity of microsomal Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in rat's heart and brain in vitro.

METHODSThe microsomal Na(+), K(+)-ATPase was prepared from rat's heart and brain by differential centrifugation. The activity of microsomal Na(+), K(+)-ATPase was assayed by colorimetric technique. Enzyme kinetic analysis method was used to analyze the effect of Gyp on the microsomal Na(+), K(+)-ATPase of rats.

RESULTSGyp reversibly inhibited the brain and heart's microsomal Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in a concentration-dependent manner, and showed a more potent effect on enzyme in the brain. The IC(50) of Gyp for the heart and brain were 58.79+/-8.05 mg/L and 52.07+/-6.25 mg/L, respectively. The inhibition was enhanced by lowering the Na(+), or K(+) concentrations or increasing the ATP concentration. Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that the inhibitory effect of Gyp on the enzyme is like that of competitive antagonist of Na(+), the counter-competitive inhibitor for the substrate ATP, and the mixed-type inhibitor for K(+).

CONCLUSIONGyp displays its cardiotonic and central inhibitory effects by way of inhibiting heart and brain's microsomal Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities in rats.

Adenosine Triphosphate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain ; enzymology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Gynostemma ; Kinetics ; Male ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of phytoestrogens (daidzein and genistein) on the testosterone production of rat Leydig cells and the possible mechanisms.

METHODSPrimary Leydig cells were obtained from 3-month old male SD rats using discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The effects of phytoestrogens at various concentrations were evaluated by ELISA, with hCG as the positive control. The mRNA expression of P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSGenistein at 0.1 micromol/L obviously promoted the secretion of testosterone and upregulated the mRNA level of P450scc. At a higher concentration of 5 micromol/L, however, both daidzein and genistein significantly inhibited the testosterone production of Leydig cells (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGenistein can promote the testosterone production of Leydig cells at a low concentration (0.1 micromol/L), but both daidzein and genistein can inhibit it at a higher concentration ( >5 micromol/L).

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Leydig Cells ; drug effects ; secretion ; Male ; Phytoestrogens ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; biosynthesis

Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cloning, Molecular ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis C Antigens ; toxicity ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Oncogenic Viruses ; pathogenicity ; RNA, Messenger ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; toxicity ; Viral Core Proteins ; toxicity ; Virion ; pathogenicity

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of adolescent inguinal hernia, and to explore the reasonable repair methods. METHODS: The clinical data of 170 cases of adolescent aged between 14 to 18 years old with inguinal hernia admitted from January 2010 to January 2019 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were analyzed retrospectively. The operation mode, anesthesia method, operation time, medical expenses, recurrence and complications were studied. RESULTS: Among the 170 patients, 16 patients were treated with traditional suture repairing Bassini method, 11 patients were treated with mesh plug repair, 3 patients were treated with plain film Lichtenstein method, 3 patients were treated with TAPP, and preperitoneal space repair was applied in 137 cases. Three patients with TAPP were treated with general anesthesia, 5 patients underwent continuous epidural anesthesia, and 162 patients underwent local infiltration anesthesia. The average operation time was(28.5±11.6)minutes. The median postoperative hospital stay was 1 day, including 159 cases(93.5%)of day surgery. The total cost of medical treatment was(7254.8±236.5)yuan per unilateral inguinal hernia, and the bilateral inguinal hernia was(13261.9±543.8)yuan. The follow-up rate was95%, and the follow-up time was 5 to 113 months. There was no recurrence. One patient with bilateral cryptorchidism developed fertility disorder, and two patients developed chronic pain. No serious complication occurred in remaining patients. CONCLUSION: Adolescent inguinal hernia should be selected from the individualized treatment plan.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; RNA, Circular ; RNA, Long Noncoding

ObjectiveTo investigate the perioperative safety and complications of radical cystectomy （RC）. MethodsThe clinicopathological indexes， postoperative complications and prognosis of patients who underwent RC at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre from January 2001 to August 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Among them， patients from 2011 to 2020 were further analyzed and compared according to the open surgery group （ORC）， laparoscopic group （LRC） and robot-assisted laparoscopic group （RARC）. Independent sample t test， Chi-square test， K-M survival curve and other statistical methods were used to describe the complications and prognosis of patients， and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of complications of RC. ResultsAmong the 1041 patients who underwent RC surgery from 2001 to 2020， the median age was 63 （55-69） years. In terms of the gender ratio， men were the majority at 86 percent. Compared with that of the first 10 years， the complication rate of the second 10 years decreased significantly （37.4% vs. 26.7%）. Complications of 667 patients who underwent RC surgery were analyzed from 2010 to 2020， with a median follow-up of 34 months. A total of 415 patients were enrolled in the ORC group， 161 in the LRC group， and 91 in the RARC group. Ileal conduit （659 cases， 63.3%） accounted for the highest proportion of all urinary diversion methods， while orthotopic neobladder accounted for the second （343 cases， 32.9%）. The incidence of all grade complications was 30.5%， and the most common complication was urinary complications. The incidence of total complications and grade ≥3 complications in the ORC group was higher than that in the LRC and RARC groups （Total complications： ORC， 30.8%； LRC，21.1%， RARC，24.2%； P=0.047； Grade ≥3 complications： ORC， 14.7%； LRC，9.3%； RARC，6.6%； P=0.043）. ConclusionsWith the improvement of surgical techniques and experience， the incidence of recent postoperative complications after radical resection of bladder cancer in our center has decreased. Compared with open surgery， minimally invasive surgery has some advantages in reducing the complication rate.

BACKGROUNDImaging-guided thermal ablation using different energy sources continues to gain favor as a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of primary and metastatic hepatic malignant tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of microwave ablation with 2450-MHz internally cooled-shaft antenna in ex vivo and in vivo porcine livers.

METHODSAll studies were animal care and ethics committee approved. Microwave ablation was performed using a noncooled or cooled-shaft antenna in 23 ex vivo (92 ablations) and eight in vivo (36 ablations) porcine livers. Diameters of the coagulation zone were observed on gross specimens. The coagulation diameters achieved in different microwave ablation parameter groups were compared. Curve estimation analysis was performed to characterize the relationship between applied power and treatment duration and coagulation diameter (including short-axis and long-axis diameter).

RESULTSCoagulation zones were elliptical and an arrowed-shaped carbonization zone around the shaft was observed in all groups. But the antenna track was also coagulated in the noncooled-shaft antenna groups. In ex vivo livers, the short-axis diameter correlated with the power output in a quadratic curve fashion (R(2) = 0.95) by fixing ablation duration to 10 minutes, and correlated with the ablation duration in a logarithmic curve fashion (R(2) = 0.98) by fixing power output to 80 W. The short-axis reached a relative plateau within 25 minutes. In in vivo livers, short-axis diameter correlated with the coagulation duration in a sigmoidal curve fashion (60 W group R(2) = 0.76, 80 W group R(2) = 0.87), with a relative plateau achieved within 10 minutes for power settings of 60 W and 80 W.

CONCLUSIONSThe internally cooled microwave antenna may be advantageous to minimize collateral damage. The short-axis diameter enlargement has a plateau by fixing power output.

Animals ; Catheter Ablation ; Liver ; surgery ; Microwaves ; Swine

OBJECTIVETo investigate the time course of calpain activity changes in rat neurons following fluid percussion injury (FPI) under normothermia (37 degrees celsius;) and mild hypothermia (32-/+0.5) degrees celsius;.

METHODSIn vitro cultured rat neurons were subjected to FPI followed by application of mild hypothermia for intervention at different time points, and the changes in intraneuronal calpain activity following FPI and the interventional effect of mild hypothermia on calpain activity were evaluated by UV-spectrophotometry at different time points.

RESULTSRemarkable changes occurred in calpain activity in the neurons following FPI at 37 degrees celsius;, and mild hypothermia produced obvious interventional effect on calpain activity in close relation to the timing of intervention initiation.

CONCLUSIONIntraneuronal calpain activity changes following FPI are involved in the pathological process of cellular injury, and mild hypothermia might offer protection against traumatic brain injury to some extent by regulating calpain activity. The interventional effect of mild hypothermia is associated with the timing of the intervention initiation.

Animals ; Calpain ; metabolism ; Female ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Neurons ; metabolism ; pathology ; Percussion ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo analyze the factors affecting prognosis of patients with nasal carcinoma.

METHODS163 patients treated from 1985 to 1998 were analyzed. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier estimate and the comparison between groups by Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by Cox proportional hazard model.

RESULTSThe overall 5-year survival rate was 58.2%. The 5-year survival rate was 55.8% in squamous-cell carcinoma, 44.0% in adenocarcinoma, 59.7% in undifferentiated carcinoma, 76.3% in adenoid cystic carcinoma, 71.4% in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 25.0% in rhabdomyosarcoma, 26.7% in malignant melanoma, 50.0% in neuroblastoma (P > 0.05). Patients with cervical metastasis gave a 5-year survival of 53.5% while those without gave 58.9% (P > 0.05). Patients with involvement of sphenoidal sinus or maxillary sinus gave the worse survival. The 5-year survival rate was 73.8% in patients whose cancer completely disappeared after treatment. It was 41.6% in patients whose cancer incompletely disappeared, and 34.3% in patients whose cancer remained refractory (P < 0.01). The 5-year survival was 78.3% in stage I disease, 56.4% in stage II disease, 54.2% in stage III and 35.9% in stage IV (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate of patients who were treated with radiotherapy only was 56.9%. That of patients who were treated with surgery only was 56.6%. That with chemotherapy only was 25.0% whereas that of patients treated with combination treatment was 61.8% (P > 0.05). So far, 85 patients have died up to writing this report, 57.6% (49 patients) of recurrence or uncontrolled.

CONCLUSIONClinical stage, immediate therapeutic response and involvement of sphenoidal or maxillary sinus; but not the pathologic type, the presence of cervical metastasis nor the method of treatment, are the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with nasal carcinoma. Recurrence and uncontrolled disease are the cause of death.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose Neoplasms ; mortality ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Eriophyton wallichii.

METHODCompounds were separated and purified by column chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTEight phenylpropanoids were isolated and identified as martynoside (1), leucosceptoside A (2), citrusin B (3), (+)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4, 9-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), liriodendrin (5), velutinoside 11[ (6), jionoside B, (7), stachysoside D (8), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe eight compounds were firstly isolated from E. wallichii.

Arecaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Furans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Phenylpropionates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification